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Original please pay attention to everyday Weifang.

Talked to: Ms. Wang (54 years old)

Focus on this issue-

Seeing her daughter’s persistent pursuit of unusual love, a mother can only choose to agree …

■ 1

I hesitated for a long time before I confided. It’s too hard to admit that my daughter is gay, but I need a platform to explain to my relatives and friends who care about my daughter and to respond to some people who laugh at her.

My daughter Yas is twenty-nine years old and has been dating a girl for more than ten years. Since last year, she has been clamoring to marry that girl, and said that she would not rule out having a child. For this, our family quarreled almost every three days. The main reason is that my daughter quarrels with her father. The reason why I don’t get involved is very simple. If I object fiercely like her father, I won’t even have my daughter. Between losing my daughter and her marrying a girl, I’d rather she lived according to her own wishes.

It’s just, it’s too difficult. I was afraid of jokes from friends and relatives for many years before. What worries me now is my husband’s attitude. From the beginning, he used high-pressure means to stop this matter. Seeing that his daughter’s mind was more determined, he was on the verge of collapse.

After confirming that Yas was a lesbian, my husband and I didn’t have a comfortable day. As long as they are opposite, they will turn over old scores. Since Yas was born, she has been stroking back a little. When she was a few years old, she didn’t like to wear skirts. When she cut her hair short, whenever she hated boys, she often quarreled when stroking. He blames me for being too careless, for not discovering my daughter’s abnormality early, and for being too fond of my children and following her in everything. I am even more angry, accusing him of being busy with work all day, regardless of major issues at home, not caring about children, never taking care of her studies, and never accompanying her to grow up.

For the sake of my daughter, my husband and I became more and more rigid in mutual complaints, and even at one time we both wanted a divorce. Until these two years, we were old, and our anger was not as big as before. Of course, it was also because our daughter couldn’t change that they talked about it relatively calmly. Nevertheless, the result of the discussion is frustrating: there is no reason …

■ 2

My husband and I are both workaholics. I sent Yas to my mother-in-law after my maternity leave. Start going there once a week, because it’s far away. After the children are older, it’s normal for us to go there every ten and a half days when we are busy. Did the lack of parental companionship and lack of understanding of gender from childhood lead to her becoming a lesbian? I don’t think so. So many older people look after older children, and I haven’t seen many like daughters.

After Yas went to school, we were very strict with her, asking her how many places she must get in the exam, and we were not stingy with how much money she spent as long as it was beneficial to her study. Yas is very smart and competitive, and his grades have always been among the best. Finally, he was admitted to a key university. Later, we had an argument because she wanted to bring the girl home. Her father spoke badly. She was a little emotional and cried, "Apart from grades, have you ever cared about me since childhood?" Do you know what I’ve been through?

Jas seldom cried, so I was shocked and asked if she was bullied by anyone. Actually, I was worried that she would be violated by bad people, but Yas calmed down and said nothing. I’ve always been depressed about this. Do you think that we ignored the difficulties that Yas encountered in her growth, because being ignored and not getting attention in time led her to a different path? But many children are like this, and some particularly rebellious children are not like her. How can this be explained?

Almost all the reasons we can think of have been proved over and over again, as if they can all be touched, but they can’t stand completely.

Many sleepless days, I wonder when Yas became different from other girls. There should be signs from junior high school: she cut off her ponytail, kept her hair short, refused to wear a skirt, and wore a school uniform at home … But at that time, I didn’t have a trace of vigilance, on the contrary, I felt relieved: she didn’t love beauty, indicating that her mind was focused on her studies.

In high school, she lived on campus and went home once every two weeks. At that time, her father went to a company outside the province. All I could do was cook her a good meal and ask her about her grades. Seeing that her hair is getting shorter and shorter, I advised her that it would be convenient to wash her hair at school, so I didn’t think much about it.

After Yas went to college, her hair was shorter and she dressed like a boy. I was secretly worried: she wouldn’t be gay, would she?

Yes, since then, there have been many signs that Yas has gone far on that road.

■ Three

From the beginning of persuading Yas to wear long hair and skirts to quarreling with her, our mood was very unstable, and we almost quarreled when we opened our mouth. The consequence of ineffective communication is that Yas has become more and more alienated from us, and he has stayed in Shanghai directly after graduating from college. Maybe out of sight, out of mind, let’s stop thinking about Jas being a tomboy for the time being. But this is self-deception. When we urged Yas to consider marriage, she said directly that she already had someone she liked and sent photos. We took a look at her photo with a beautiful girl, which confirmed our worry: our daughter is really gay.

Since then, the war has never stopped. When she was in Shanghai, we quarreled through the phone WeChat. After she came home, it took only ten minutes to talk calmly and yell loudly. Her father is grumpy. Seeing that he couldn’t convince Yas, he swore that she was too shameful to be a man or a woman, and said that if she didn’t marry a boy, she would break up with her. At first, I sided with my husband, but then Yas said that if I forced her to die again, I was too scared to say anything bad.

In this way, we fought back and forth for two or three years. During this period, Yas’s career got better and better, and she bought a house in Shanghai. When she said she wanted to marry a girl, we panicked and went to Shanghai at once. In Yas’s new house, I saw a lot of photos of her and girls, and I felt very sad. Yas said she wanted to marry a girl, even in form, and she felt very happy.

Looking up the information and looking for a psychiatrist, we have done everything we can think of, and Kaya’s will is more determined: I feel that I am born a boy, and I will live as a boy, and no one can change me …

■ 4

My husband arrived in Shanghai a day late. He heard me talk about Yas, and he was furious. He said Yas had been laughed at for dressing like a boy. If he married a girl again, he would be ashamed to live. Yas cried, and let me persuade her father. I was in a dilemma. Because we quarreled about Yas before, he even said that he would divorce and marry and have a son. I understand that he is angry, but I understand that he is a senior in the group and has always been proud. He really can’t accept his daughter’s situation. I am not like this. In order to avoid acquaintances asking when our daughter will get married, we moved to a remote suburb. But one day, when she met a new neighbor, she said, your son is so handsome. Is he seeing someone?

I have encountered such embarrassment countless times, and I am almost numb. Outsiders say it’s hard for me to talk about the concern of relatives and friends. I’m a little angry besides embarrassment. I think they must know about Yas, and half of this concern is out of curiosity. When I think about this, my heart beats faster and I lose my mind. I can’t wait for Jas to become a girl overnight. Of course, more often than not, I am sober, I understand that things are irreversible, and I am prepared for Yas to live with girls. To my relief, Yas is now completely successful in her career, and her plans for the future are also very clear. She said that she would buy sperm and then use her own eggs for girls to conceive, so that they could have their own children. She also said that it is nothing strange that many girls are unmarried and have children by sperm. I hope we will not interfere too much …

Yas told me a lot about her and that girl: they were classmates in high school and fell in love for ten years. The girl lost her mother since she was a child, and her father didn’t care about her, so there was no obstacle to her; Yas also said that she is a good wife and a good mother. All the trivial things of them are done by girls. She is very gentle and emotionally stable. She is the most suitable partner for herself.

Hearing this, I regret not having a heart-to-heart talk with my daughter earlier. At the same time, I also decided not to compete with my daughter. After all, this matter is beyond our cognitive scope and we can’t control and change it. In this case, it is better to let go, and at this age, I have understood many things. Nothing is more important than being healthy and alive. Besides, I can’t accompany my child all my life. She can find a partner she likes and she can live happily.

For more information, please pay attention to Weifang Radio and Television News.

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(The characters in the article are all pseudonyms, and the opinions expressed in the article do not represent the positions and opinions of this newspaper and the author.)

Contributed by Yu Ensheng

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Original title: "[Weekend Emotion] My daughter is" different ",and I am very collapsed and can only accept it."

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　　At 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

　　[Focus]

　　● In July, 4,597 cases of mental problems violating the eight central regulations were investigated and dealt with nationwide, with 6,407 people.

　　● The Civil Aviation Administration is revising the relevant rules to allow airlines to decide whether or not to provide meal service.

　　According to the report released by China Internet Network Information Center, the Internet penetration rate in China has exceeded 60%.

　　● The Ministry of Transport said recently that it will speed up the improvement of the dynamic adjustment mechanism of cruise taxi fares.

　　● The Ministry of Ecology and Environment reported on August 31 that the national air quality will be excellent in the first half of September, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas and the central and northern parts of the Yangtze River Delta region will be dominated by good to light pollution.

　　● Hangzhou Airport opened the electronic temporary flight certificate on September 1, and the code can pass the security check.

　　● Zhao Xianghong, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia, was convicted of corruption and bribery and was sentenced to 12 years in prison.

　　[Expo]

　　● British Prime Minister Johnson proposed to extend the parliamentary recess until mid-October, which triggered protests from parliamentarians and the public.

　　● The relevant departments of South Korea made a decision to "recover 26 US military bases in South Korea as soon as possible, including Longshan base" in an attempt to put pressure on the US government.

　　● The trial proceedings of the five planners of the "9.11" incident will start on January 11, 2021, when these criminals will or will face the death penalty.

　　● On the evening of August 30, local time, a shooting incident occurred in a stadium in Mobile, Alabama, USA, causing 10 teenagers to be injured and 5 seriously injured.

　　● According to the World Health Organization, the Amazon rainforest fire is likely to cause health problems, including respiratory diseases, and threaten people’s health.

　　Recently, an Iranian launch vehicle that was about to be launched exploded on the launch pad, and this rocket was originally scheduled to put a satellite into orbit.

　　● Security will be strengthened before the Tokyo Olympic Games, and passengers will need to make an appointment to take the Shinkansen with big luggage.

　　[hundred States]

　　● The Public Security Bureau of Yantai City, Shandong Province recently successfully destroyed a large telecom fraud gang, arrested 138 suspects and stopped paying more than 10 million yuan in frozen funds.

　　● Yulin, Shaanxi Province reported the incident that "the deputy director took Audi to break into the venue", and Zhang Hongxue, deputy director of Dingbian County People’s Social Security Bureau, was severely punished by the party and transferred from the human resources and social security system.

　　● A bird lover in Guizhou illegally hunted 13 wild birds and was sentenced to five years and seven months in prison.

　　● A few days ago, a 19-year-old online red man from Jiangsu broadcasted fishing in the early morning and accidentally drowned while casting a net.

　　● Two policemen in Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province apologized and were suspended for their simple and rude behavior in law enforcement.

　　● Ne Zha surpassed The Wandering Earth and rose to the second place in the box office list of China film history, and topped the box office champion in 2019! ?

　　● On August 31st, Zhu Zhengshi, who lives in Yunhua Community, Shengli Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, celebrated his 119th birthday, and now he has lived under one roof for six generations.

　　● The national football team announced the list of 26 people in the second phase of training. Compared with the initial list of 35 people, the screened list has more gold content and clearer information.

　　Visual sense

　　● On August 31st, the Kuaizhou-1A rocket successfully launched "one arrow and two stars", and accurately put the microgravity technology experimental satellite and Xiaoxiang-1 07 satellite into the scheduled orbit.

　　● A few days ago, over flower city square, Guangzhou, a formation of drones spelled out the "70" pattern. The formation of 999 drones cooperated with the light show to transform different patterns and characters such as the five-star red flag and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.

　　● A Buddha exhibition was held in drepung monastery, Lhasa, Tibet (i.e., the giant Dambafo Thangka was displayed), and many believers and tourists went to drepung monastery to worship Buddha, thus the annual "Snowdon Festival" in Lhasa began.

　　[sound]

　　● "Don’t lock cultural relics in the warehouse, but let these cultural heritages return to people’s lives. When people feel the charm of these cultural heritages in their lives, people will spontaneously protect cultural heritages and cultural heritages will have dignity."

　　— — During the third Confucius Institute Sinology Book Fair, Dan Jixiang gave a keynote speech.

　　[face]

　　● Recently, the mobile detachment of Fujian Armed Police Corps held a meeting to announce the retirement order and a farewell ceremony to the military flag. More than 300 soldiers retired from active service after their service expired.

　　● Recently, Van Dyke won the best player in Europe over Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi, becoming the first defensive player in history and the first Premier League player to win the award.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　BEIJING, July 2 (Xinhua)-Li Bei, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Public Security, said on the 2nd that public security organs across the country have severely cracked down on cyber crimes that people hate. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, more than 500,000 cyber crimes have been handled.

　　On the 2nd, the Ministry of Public Security held a press conference. Li Bei said that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, public security organs throughout the country have made every effort to safeguard national political security and overall social stability, and public security work and public security team building have achieved a historic leap and achieved a series of remarkable achievements. China has become one of the most secure countries in the world.

　　First, remarkable achievements have been made in safeguarding national political security. Always put the prevention of political security risks and safeguarding national political security in the first place, severely crack down on and strictly guard against infiltration, subversion, sabotage and sabotage activities by hostile forces at home and abroad in accordance with the law, and make every effort to prevent online and offline political security risks. Completely and accurately implement the Party’s strategy of governing Tibet and Xinjiang in the new era, carry out the anti-secession struggle in depth, and resolutely safeguard the reunification of the motherland and national unity. In-depth anti-terrorism struggle has been carried out, violent terrorist activities have always been severely cracked down, and international cooperation in counter-terrorism has been strengthened. China’s anti-terrorism struggle has continued to improve, with no violent terrorist incidents for more than four consecutive years, showing a good situation of social stability and harmony and people living and working in peace and contentment. Resolutely safeguard ideological and cultural security, strictly control political orientation, highlight problem orientation, effectively eliminate online and offline cultural garbage, and create a good social and cultural environment.

　　Second, we have made remarkable achievements in resolutely safeguarding network information security. Severely crack down on the illegal and criminal activities of the internet that the people hate. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, more than 500,000 cases of cyber crimes have been handled. In-depth organization to carry out the "net net" special action to fully maintain the order of cyberspace. We will continue to improve the integrated comprehensive prevention and control system of "attack, prevention and control" to effectively protect the national key information infrastructure, important networks and data security. Adhere to and develop the "Maple Bridge Experience" on the Internet in the new era, and make full use of the organizational role of enterprises and industry associations to innovate the comprehensive governance model of the network society in accordance with the working objectives of "no contradiction on the Internet, no accidents on the Internet, and no shortage of network security services".

　　Third, we have made remarkable achievements in safeguarding the overall social stability. Adhere to the practical protection of people’s peace as the center, adhere to the principle of strike hard, give full play to the role of the main force, and promote the comprehensive victory of the special struggle against evil. In-depth special actions such as "Yun Jian", "Clean Border", "Kunlun", "Broken Card", "Fox Hunting", "Kidnapping" and "Reunion" were carried out, and multiple illegal crimes such as gun-related explosions, telecommunication network fraud, cross-border gambling, "yellow gambling" and "drug ring" were severely cracked down according to law, and the homicide detection rate of public security organs nationwide maintained the best record.

　　We will earnestly do a good job in the work of "Great Protection of the Yangtze River", continuously deepen special actions such as cracking down on illegal fishing crimes in the Yangtze River Basin and cracking down on illegal sand mining crimes in the Yangtze River, and fully escort the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Actively participate in the tough battle to prevent and resolve major risks, and organize special actions to crack down on illegal fund-raising crimes for three consecutive years, and achieved remarkable results. The people’s war against drugs was further promoted, and the drug control situation continued to improve, with the satisfaction of the masses reaching 96.96%. Adhere to and develop the "Fengqiao experience" in the new era, take "circle inspection and control, unit prevention and control, and factor control" as four pillars and eight pillars, and take the establishment of a national social security prevention and control system as a starting point to comprehensively implement various measures for prevention and control. Comprehensively strengthen the management of railways, civil aviation, port and shipping and road traffic. Coordinate the domestic and international situations, carry out in-depth international law enforcement and security cooperation, coordinate and urge the police in various countries to crack down on all kinds of transnational organized criminal activities involving China, vigorously promote the protection of overseas interests such as the "Belt and Road", and strive to create a safe and stable external environment.

　　Fourth, we have made remarkable achievements in deepening the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform of public security organs. Focusing on stimulating the vitality of market players and facilitating people’s production and life, we will deepen the reform of public security "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services", speed up the "one network to run" public security government services, build the "internet plus public security government services" platform of the Ministry of Public Security, and focus on solving outstanding problems such as people’s difficulty, slowness, running back and forth and inconvenience. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Ministry of Public Security has launched more than 260 new policies and measures in the fields of immigration management, public security household administration management and road traffic management in batches, striving to "release" vitality and creativity, "manage" fairness and quality, and "serve" convenience and benefits, and the people have more, more direct and more real sense of gain. Since the establishment of the National Immigration Bureau, the reform bonus has been quickly released, and 1.2 billion entry and exit documents have been approved and issued (this time); The average customs clearance time for China citizens was reduced to 45 seconds, the waiting time for passengers at large ports was shortened by 10 minutes compared with the previous month, and the approval and issuance of entry and exit documents for residents with household registration was reduced to 7 working days, benefiting 1.36 billion person-times, saving about 43.6 billion yuan for people and enterprises.

　　Fifth, remarkable achievements have been made in promoting the standardization of law enforcement. Thoroughly implement the supreme leader’s thought of the rule of law, focus on building a public security goal of the rule of law, promote and participate in the formulation of anti-terrorism laws, cyber security laws, data security laws, cooperate with the revision of criminal laws, criminal procedure laws and other laws and regulations, and improve law enforcement standards and handling mechanisms. We will further promote the reform of the supervision and management mechanism of law enforcement, deepen the reform of the unified examination and unified export mechanism by the legal departments of cases filed and criminal cases, standardize the management of property involved, complete the standardized transformation of law enforcement and case handling places, and strengthen the construction of law enforcement and case handling management centers. To deepen the informatization construction of law enforcement, provincial public security organs have all established a unified law enforcement case handling information system, and established and improved the working mechanism of recording the whole process of law enforcement. Strengthen the education of socialist concept of rule of law, strengthen the practical law enforcement training of the police, deepen the examination system of law enforcement qualification, and continuously improve the rule of law literacy and law enforcement ability of the police.

　　Sixth, remarkable achievements have been made in promoting political police building and forging a "four iron generals" high-quality and excellent public security iron army. Focusing on the general requirements of loyalty to the Party, serving the people, fair law enforcement and strict discipline, we should firmly grasp the Party’s principle of building and managing the police in the new era and vigorously strengthen the revolutionization, regularization, specialization and professionalization of the public security team. Adhere to the study and implementation of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era as the primary political task, carry out in-depth study and education on a series of themes, solidly carry out the study and education on party history and the education and rectification of the public security team, and constantly improve political judgment, political understanding and political execution. Adhere to the comprehensive and strict management of the party’s police, make unremitting efforts to rectify the "four winds", and resolutely fight the tough battle with an iron fist to govern the police and correct the wind and discipline.

　　Solidly carry out the actual combat training of the whole police. We have made every effort to promote institutional reform and the reform of the armed forces in active service, deepened the adjustment of the public security management system in the industry, improved and promoted the reform of the classified management of the people’s police, law enforcement service and police technical ranks in public security organs, deepened the reform of the recruitment and training mechanism and actual combat education and training, made major breakthroughs in some key areas and key links, and the public security reform has entered a new stage of systematic reshaping and overall reform. Adhere to the combination of strict management and love, pay equal attention to incentives and constraints, steadily promote the construction of special professionals, revise the measures for pensions and preferential treatment of the people’s police, improve the honor system of the people’s police, implement the measures for exemption and fault tolerance and error correction of public security police in performing their duties according to law, punish illegal and criminal acts of assaulting police according to law, and resolutely safeguard the rights and interests of police in law enforcement. Strengthen the typical demonstration and guidance, vigorously select trees to commend advanced models, carry forward the spirit of heroic model, and fully display the good image of the people’s police in socialist countries under the leadership of the party, self-denial and selfless dedication.

　　Li Bei said that the public security team is a team with a glorious tradition and fine style, a lot of heroes, integrity and integrity, and also a team with the most sacrifices and dedication in peacetime. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, more than 3,400 policemen have died in the line of duty and more than 48,000 policemen have been heroically injured. One of the national public security police won the "August 1st Medal", one was posthumously awarded the national honorary title of "People’s Hero", 407 individuals and collectives won the national honor, 48 people won the title of first-class hero model of the national public security system, 1,075 people won the title of second-class hero model of the national public security system, and 1,347 collectives won the first-class merit.

　　"This year ‘ July 1st ’ During this period, another comrade in the public security system was awarded ‘ July 1st Medal ’ , 54 collectives and individuals won the national ‘ Two excellent and one first ’ Commend. They are outstanding representatives of the public security team and an example for the majority of police to learn. " Li Wei said.

CCTV News:Today (June 21st) morning, Xiaolangdi Water Control Project, located in the main stream of the Yellow River in Luoyang City, Henan Province, increased its discharge, marking the official start of water and sediment regulation of the Yellow River before the flood season on July 1st this year.

CCTV reporter Chen Xi:I am now at the site of the Xiaolangdi water control project, and the three-hole gate behind me has been opened, and three huge hoses are spewing out. This year, the Yellow River’s water and sediment regulation will last about 20 days, with a total discharge of 5.5 billion cubic meters and a sediment discharge of 80 million tons.

This year’s water and sediment regulation will jointly dispatch Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia, Xiaolangdi and other reservoirs, concentrate large-flow water to discharge the impact, and send the silt in the reservoirs along the line and the downstream riverbed to the sea, thus increasing the flood discharge capacity of the main channel of the Yellow River. In addition, this year’s water and sediment regulation has increased the dispatching of three tributaries, namely Luhun, Guxian and Hekou Village. These three reservoirs can discharge clear water during the sediment discharge period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir, thus diluting the water with high sediment concentration in the river and reducing the impact on fish.

Yao Wenguang, Director of Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Department of Ministry of Water Resources:Since 2002, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources has carried out water and sediment regulation for 22 consecutive years. The downstream river channel has been cut down by an average of 3.1 meters, and the flood discharge capacity has increased from 1,800 cubic meters per second to about 5,000 cubic meters per second. At the same time, it has replenished 1.05 billion cubic meters of ecological water for the downstream Yellow River Delta, and the water and sediment regulation sofa has exerted great social, economic and ecological benefits.

　　　　　　 The Yellow River has the largest sediment content in the world, with an average annual sediment discharge of about 1.6 billion tons. Implementing water and sediment regulation is one of the key measures to improve the coordination of water and sediment in the Yellow River. Before the flood season this year, the Ministry of Water Resources also previewed the water and sediment regulation scheme with the help of the "Digital Twin Yellow River" project. According to the monitoring, after 22 years of water and sediment regulation, the Yellow River has transported 3.25 billion tons of sediment into the sea, providing a reliable guarantee for ecological management and high-quality development along the Yellow River.

How to adjust the hundreds of millions of tons of sediment in the Yellow River?

According to the water and sediment regulation scheme of the Yellow River before the flood season in 2023, the water and sediment regulation started at 9: 00 on June 21st and lasted for about 20 days. Through the joint operation of several large reservoirs, the total sediment discharge is estimated to be more than 80 million tons. So, how to adjust so much sediment?

Every year before the main flood season of the Yellow River, the Ministry of Water Resources dispatches Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River to relay and increase the discharge, forming an "artificial flood peak", so that the rushing river can take away the sediment at the reservoir bottom and the river bottom under the premise of ensuring safety. In the flood season, when the flood magnitude is not large and the sediment content is not high, the Ministry of Water Resources will jointly dispatch the middle and upper reaches of the reservoir in a timely manner, so as to pool the flood process of a certain magnitude and create conditions for the downstream river scouring.

Li Rongrong, Deputy Director, Institute of Hydrology and Sediments, Planning Institute of the Yellow River Survey, Planning and Design Institute:After the start of water and sediment regulation, Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharged a large flow of water, which washed away the sediment in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. When the water level of Xiaolangdi Reservoir discharged to the docking level, Wanjiazhai and Sanmenxia reservoirs were dispatched to discharge water, which impacted the sediment deposited in Xiaolangdi Reservoir. When the sediment-laden flow in the river meets the clear water in the reservoir area, because the density of the former is higher, the sediment-laden flow will sneak into the bottom of the clear water and continue to flow forward, forming a "density flow", and finally discharge the sediment from the dam bottom to achieve the effect of reducing siltation.

Before the flood season this year, the Yellow River Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources previewed the water and sediment regulation scheme with the help of the "Digital Twin Yellow River" project, which provided effective assistance for this year’s water and sediment regulation.

　　　　　　 Ren Wei, Director of Program Technology Division, Defense Bureau, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Ministry of Water Resources:Compared with previous years, this year’s water and sediment regulation has further optimized the regulation indicators of water and sediment regulation, and strived to achieve more sediment discharge from reservoirs and more sediment transport from rivers. For the first time, the joint dispatching mode was adopted, with Wanjiazhai, Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoirs as the main stream and Luhun, Guxian and Hekoucun reservoirs as the tributaries. The impact of water and sediment regulation on aquatic organisms was monitored for the first time, and measures were taken to minimize the impact of water and sediment regulation on aquatic organisms and their habitats. At the same time, strengthen ecological water supply in the Yellow River Delta and protect biodiversity in the basin.

In 22 years, the river bed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River dropped by 3.1 meters.

The Yellow River has been carrying out water and sediment regulation for 22 years. What effect has it achieved? According to the long-term monitoring of the Yellow River Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, the riverbed in the lower reaches of the Yellow River has dropped significantly through water and sediment regulation.

Ren Wei, Director of Program Technology Division, Defense Bureau, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Ministry of Water Resources:Since the implementation of water and sediment regulation, the Yellow River has transported 3.25 billion tons of sediment into the sea, and the main channel of the downstream channel has decreased by 3.1 meters on average. The minimum flow capacity of the main channel has increased from 1,800 cubic meters per second before the flood in 2002 to about 5,000 cubic meters per second now, which has reduced the probability of small and medium-sized floods flooding in the downstream and greatly reduced the disaster losses in the beach area.

The sediment of the Yellow River mainly comes from the loess plateau in the middle reaches, so reservoirs in the middle reaches, such as Wanjiazhai and Xiaolangdi, are facing the problems of continuous sediment deposition and limited service life. In the past 22 years, Xiaolangdi Reservoir has discharged 2.58 billion tons of sand through water and sediment regulation, and the remaining capacity of sand retention is 4.1 billion cubic meters, which has provided a guarantee for flood control safety in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. In recent five years, Wanjiazhai Reservoir has continuously carried out sediment discharge operation, and its storage capacity has been restored to 172 million cubic meters.

Zhou Kangjun, Deputy Director of the Water Mediation Department of the Water Resources Administration of the Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources:We also implemented ecological water replenishment in combination with water and sediment regulation, and the ecological conditions along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the estuary delta continued to improve. Since 2008, 1.05 billion cubic meters of ecological water has been replenished to the Yellow River Estuary wetland.

The reporter learned from the Yellow River Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources that at present, the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River are accelerating the preliminary work of major water conservancy projects such as Guxian and Heishanxia, so as to continuously improve the overall synergy of water and sediment regulation and solve the problem of insufficient motivation for subsequent water and sediment regulation. At the same time, along the Yellow River, efforts are being made to control soil erosion, plant trees, protect Shan Zhi slope, and reduce sediment from the source into the Yellow River.

　　CCTV News:The State Council Press Office held a press conference on the 18th, inviting Lian Weiliang, deputy director of the Development and Reform Commission, Liu Xiaoming, deputy director of the Ministry of Transport, Li Jiangping, head of the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, Su Jie, director and spokesperson of the Comprehensive Coordination Department of Work Safety of the Emergency Management Department, Yan Hexiang, chief engineer and spokesperson of the State Railway Administration, Dong Zhiyi, deputy director of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and Li Wenxin, deputy general manager of the Railway Corporation, to introduce the situation and work arrangements in Spring Festival travel rush in 2019, and answer questions from reporters.

　　A reporter asked: The pre-holiday tension and the pre-holiday passenger flow pressure are very great. Every year, Spring Festival travel rush is a big exam for all departments. What big moves will we put in this year’s big exam? What are the innovative measures? Can let passengers feel the change directly on their way home, so that everyone can go home for the New Year smoothly, thank you.

　　Lian Weiliang introduced that the passenger flow pressure in Spring Festival travel rush this year is very high, and one of the important reasons is that the passenger flow of workers and students overlap with each other. In order to solve this problem, all relevant departments have taken many innovative measures. In short, it is four words: increase, divide, unite and optimize. Increasing means increasing transport capacity, dividing means dispersing passenger flow, combining means intermodal linkage, and optimizing service.

　　The first is to increase the capacity. This year, the total passenger capacity of Spring Festival travel rush Railway has increased by more than 5%, of which the high-speed train sets have increased by more than 17%, and passenger trains have been added in key directions and important periods. Just now, Mr. Li introduced that there are more than 100 pairs of night trains. There is also civil aviation, and the frequency is expected to increase by 10%. Pilot projects to extend the operation time and increase the supply of transportation capacity will be carried out at ten hub airports such as Shanghai Pudong, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

　　The second is to disperse passenger flow. There are 180 million migrant workers in China, and there are nearly 30 million students in colleges and universities. Our local trade unions have concentrated on providing targeted services for migrant workers, actively coordinating employers to scientifically arrange holidays and start work, and trying to avoid the peak in Spring Festival travel rush. In recent years, it has become a common practice for our colleges and universities to have a peak holiday. Taking Beijing as an example, 900,000 students in major universities have a holiday in an orderly manner for three weeks from January 7 to January 27, effectively dispersing the flow of students.

　　The third is intermodal linkage. To strengthen the connection between different modes of transport, Beijing, Guangzhou, Chengdu and other places have opened "reserved buses", and some cities have established "off-site terminals" to provide intermodal services between different modes of transport, so as to smooth the first and last mile of passenger travel. To strengthen the effective connection between intercity traffic and urban traffic, Beijing South Railway Station, tianjin railway station, etc. have realized joint safety inspection between stations and subways, and 50 railway stations across the country have realized inter-station transfer, which has facilitated passengers’ travel to the maximum extent.

　　The fourth is to optimize services. Just now, the railway department has introduced some new functions for online ticket sales, such as scanning code login, "brushing face" verification, alternate ticket purchase, etc., and realized self-checking of second-generation ID cards in qualified railway stations. Civil aviation promotes "paperless" travel at major airports across the country. Trade unions at all levels carried out "Warm Current Action" to provide convenient services for returning migrant workers, while the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League carried out "Warm Winter Action" and organized 230,000 volunteers to serve Spring Festival travel rush in 23,000 posts. Through the implementation of such measures, we will do our best to create good conditions for passengers to travel safely and smoothly.

　　Liu Xiaoming said that as early as September and October last year, the Ministry of Transport, together with relevant departments, the State Railway Administration, the Civil Aviation Administration of China and the China Railway Corporation, made arrangements for related work, giving full play to the comparative advantages of various modes, and at the same time, strengthening the effective connection between various modes of transportation, so that people can go home more smoothly. We have mainly adopted the measures of "four guarantees" to make the work in Spring Festival travel rush safer and the service level and quality higher.

　　The first is to ensure safety. We continued to carry out seven special safety actions, such as civilized driving of van drivers and safety protection of roads and bridges. Together with the emergency management department and other departments, we organized eight Spring Festival travel rush safety and service inspection teams to carry out unannounced inspections and supervision, and arranged 14 key provinces to carry out cross-inspection of safety and services, focusing on "two passengers and one danger" vehicles, rural passenger transport, key bridges, passenger hubs, rail transit, ground transportation, water terminals, rural ferries and "six districts and one line".

　　The second is to ensure capacity. Just now, even the director has introduced the situation of airport and railway capacity guarantee. The transportation department has deeply tapped the transportation potential and organized all localities to put more than 810,000 buses into operation, with nearly 21 million seats; There are about 20,000 passenger ships with about 1 million seats, and the supply of transport capacity is sufficient.

　　The third is to ensure convergence. Give full play to the advantages of big transportation and big service, and sort out and summarize the information of 307 pairs of passenger trains in Spring Festival travel rush, 105.5 pairs of temporary emus at night, more than 100,000 night flights, and more than 90 night passenger shifts on waterways in key waters, so as to guide local cities to do a good job in capacity docking by means of public transport, rail transit, taxis, etc., and to do a good job in the last mile connection, so as to ensure that passengers can sit when they get off the plane, the railway and the boat.

　　The fourth is to ensure smooth flow. Strengthen the monitoring of highway network operation, timely release the real-time traffic situation of important channels and key nodes, and guide passengers to travel in peak hours. We predict that the traffic volume of road network may increase by 6% during Spring Festival travel rush in 2019 & mdash; 7%, the expressway export flow will increase by 9%-10%, about 1.18 billion trips. We will strengthen business cooperation with the public security department, do a good job in prior consultation and joint logistics linkage of traffic control, strengthen the traffic management of toll stations, improve the efficiency of vehicle traffic, and ensure that large-scale congestion does not occur.

　　Spring Festival travel rush is the peak period with the most concentrated passenger flow in a year. Here I also give you two tips: First, we should always pay attention to the travel information and the operation of the road network, travel at the wrong peak and travel in a civilized way. Second, we must refuse illegal operations, stay away from danger, and ensure that the road to reunion is safe and smooth.

　　Dong Zhiyi said that this year, civil aviation in Spring Festival travel rush is expected to transport 73 million passengers, up 12% year-on-year, the highest growth rate in the past five years. In order to ensure the smooth travel of the vast number of passengers, we are prepared to take three favorable measures:

　　First, airlines arrange more overtime. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, it is estimated that the number of overtime flights will reach more than 35,000, including 34,000 for airlines, 29,000 for domestic routes, 1,400 for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan routes and 3,000 for international routes. We will also constantly adjust the temporary operating flights according to airline demand and market demand.

　　Second, arrange more flights at the airport. In order to meet the needs of large-flow and high-density flight operation during Spring Festival travel rush, the time capacity of each airport is temporarily adjusted, and 5% more time can be arranged at busy airports than usual; Other airports can increase the total volume of Spring Festival travel rush by 30% compared with last year, or add four more flights per hour than usual.

　　Third, arrange some hot cities to run all night. This is also a new feature for us this year. Ten large airports, including Pudong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Kunming, Hangzhou, Chongqing, Xi ‘an, Urumqi and Sanya, arrange a certain number of flights from 1 am to 6 am throughout Spring Festival travel rush for 40 days to cope with the possible peak passenger travel and relieve the previous passenger detention and congestion. This is a new measure introduced by Spring Festival travel rush this year.

　　By taking these measures, it is estimated that the daily average number of civil aviation flights will reach about 15,600 during the period of Spring Festival travel rush this year. In other words, we have 15,600 planes flying in the sky every day, and the number of seats we can provide every day exceeds 2.25 million. We can transport 90 million passengers in these 40 days, and we think it can fully meet the market demand. At the same time, we will pay close attention to the structural contradiction between supply and demand in some special periods in some areas and take timely control measures. At the same time, we also suggest that the majority of passengers arrange their travel plans as soon as possible, pay close attention to relevant developments and try their best to travel at the wrong peak.

　　Li Wenxin said that before the holiday, the national railways are expected to send 143.8 million passengers, up 8.9% year-on-year, with a daily average of 9.59 million passengers. We take three main measures:

　　First, scientifically arrange pre-holiday transportation capacity. Director Lian has already introduced the transportation capacity. Before the railway festival, the average daily seating capacity reached 9.42 million seats, an increase of 480,000 seats year-on-year, which basically met the daily average demand of 9.59 million passengers.

　　Second, it is convenient for passengers to purchase tickets. A series of measures have been taken to make it convenient for passengers to buy tickets and for everyone to get tickets, as I have already introduced. Today happens to be the pre-sale of tickets for the twelfth day of the first month. Up to today, the peak of pre-sale tickets has passed smoothly. As of yesterday, the ticket sales in Spring Festival travel rush increased by 7.8% year-on-year. In the process of ticket collection, we should intensify publicity, remind passengers to arrive at the station in advance to collect tickets, reserve enough time, strengthen the guidance of ticket collection at the station, and implement "separation of sale and withdrawal" and "separation of sale and withdrawal" to improve the efficiency of ticket collection.

　　Third, it is convenient for passengers to travel by car. Focusing on the needs of the whole process of passenger travel, targeted improvement and optimization. First, information services have long been known. Increase the push of information such as the situation of being late, grouping and seat changes, so that passengers can grasp the information as soon as possible and arrange their trips reasonably. The second is intelligent service to improve the efficiency of entering and leaving the station. Self-service check-in channels have been added. In 2019, there were 300 stations and 3,000 channels in Spring Festival travel rush, which doubled compared with the same period of last year and tripled the number of channels. At 700 EMU stops, self-service ticket checking with second-generation ID cards was implemented, and there was no need to collect tickets, which more than doubled year-on-year. The third is to expand the number of convenient transfer stations. The number of convenient transfers in the station reached 50, an increase of 11. The fourth is to promote mutual recognition of security inspections between railway stations and subway stations and reduce repeated security inspections. The fifth is to promote shared cars and get through the last mile. In 18 stations including Beijing South Railway Station, Nanjing South Railway Station and Guangzhou South Railway Station, high-speed rail and shared car service are provided to get through the last mile of travel.　

　　In November, 2020, Jiangxi Fuzhou High-tech Zone publicly recruited the job list of the five-level host staff, which triggered a heated discussion among netizens.

　　This job list shows that 20 jobs, including comprehensive posts, management posts and comprehensive manuscript posts, of 14 recruitment units including the Party and Government Office, the People’s Social Security Bureau, the Finance Bureau and the Audit Bureau of Fuzhou High-tech Zone are marked with the requirement of "male".

　　Subsequently, some netizens questioned that such recruitment was suspected of gender discrimination in employment. On January 10th, this year, the Party-mass Work Department of Fuzhou High-tech Zone in Jiangxi responded that the reason why some posts restrict men is that factors such as physical fitness and job intensity are comprehensively considered. Due to the special nature of the post, the harsh environment, and the need to often work overtime, engage in field work or struggle to engage in grass-roots work in the front line, the conditions are set for men only.

　　Such a "threshold" is not uncommon. According to the Survey Report on the Status of Women’s Workplace in China in 2020 released by a well-known Internet recruitment platform, 27% of women have encountered the situation that "when applying for a job, the employer restricts the gender of the post".

　　The Party and Mass Work Department of Fuzhou High-tech Zone in Jiangxi responded that this regulation also refers to some practices of national examination and provincial examination. "It is recommended that petitioners pay more attention to other recruitment information and obtain positions that are more suitable for them."

　　Gender discrimination in employment is especially obvious for female college students.

　　The reply of Jiangxi Fuzhou High-tech Zone is not without reason.

　　Previously, in view of the gender-focused recruitment in the national examination, the statistical results of The Paper showed that in 2021, there were 5,776 jobs except for the tax bureau posts with nearly equal gender distribution. Among these positions, 35% are marked with preference for men, 5% are marked with preference for women, and the remaining 60% are not marked with gender preference.

　　Yuanyuan is a volunteer of Weibo Platform @ Employment Sex Discrimination Monitoring Brigade. After three years as a volunteer, she realized that it is a common phenomenon that employment discrimination against women is subdivided into all walks of life. She believes that if there are some jobs that restrict women from applying for the national examination and provincial examination, the recruitment in other places will also refer to it.

　　Song Qiang, HR director of a large state-owned enterprise, told the reporter that considering the intensity of construction work and the resistance of women, every year when recruiting on campus, HR often puts forward the requirement of "only male resume" to the employment center. Even if the school provides resumes of some female job seekers, it is unlikely to be selected.

　　"Basically, about 90% choose men, but there is no denying that some women can also be competent for the job." Song Qiang said frankly.

　　China’s labor law stipulates that women enjoy equal employment rights with men. When hiring employees, except for jobs or posts that are not suitable for women as stipulated by the state, women shall not be refused employment or the employment standards for women shall be raised on the grounds of gender.

　　However, the warning function of the law is limited. Lawyer Yang Baoquan, a senior partner of Beijing Bank of China Law Firm, said in an interview with the reporter of Zhongqing Daily and Zhongqing.com that at present, there is still a serious gender discrimination in employment in China. Many employers have exploited legal loopholes, openly stating the requirements only for men in the recruitment conditions, thus directly excluding women from their posts.

　　Yang Baoquan said that this situation is particularly prominent when female college students are employed.

　　According to a survey conducted by the Women’s Research Institute of the All-China Women’s Federation in Beijing and other universities in 2015, as many as 86.6% of female college students have suffered from one or more gender discrimination in recruitment, and more than 80% are engineering college students.

　　Many times, gender requirements have become the first hurdle for women to apply for jobs. @ Employment Sex Discrimination Monitoring Brigade currently has nearly 500,000 fans on Weibo. Every day, some netizens privately trust them with the requirement of "men only" in the recruitment notice of the employer, asking for a report.

　　Yuanyuan believes that job hunting is a two-way selection process, and the recruiting unit should quantitatively display the dimensions such as work intensity. Job seekers can evaluate according to their own situation, and should not eliminate the whole group on the grounds of gender.

　　The regulation of protecting women has become a "concern" in recruitment.

　　In Yang Baoquan’s view, gender discrimination in the workplace is not only manifested in unequal employment opportunities, but also in "self-evident" differences in employment treatment and promotion opportunities. Compared with the explicit discrimination before employment, the latter is more subtle and more difficult to characterize and supervise.

　　Because enterprises need to pay remuneration and insurance fees and adjust employment arrangements for maternity female employees, they also bear more economic expenses. In order to avoid this kind of economic expenditure, some enterprises do not recruit women directly. These regulations, which were originally for the protection of female employees, have become the "scruples" for enterprises not to recruit women.

　　This is not without examples. Song Qiang told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network that women in their units generally engage in auxiliary work, which not only leads to a lower salary level, but also leads to more tortuous promotion channels. If a woman has a need for marriage and childbirth, the unit often makes countermeasures in all aspects out of consideration of her work energy. "During the 98-day maternity leave of a woman, the unit will train a staff member similar to a substitute for a rainy day."

　　Subject to the labor law, the employer shall not terminate or terminate the labor contract of female employees during pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. However, according to Song Qiang’s understanding, some enterprises will let employees "voluntarily" ask for resignation, for example, they will be transferred to remote areas or posts, and they will be forced to resign to take care of their families.

　　These practices are very common in Song Qiang’s view, and many people have fixed stereotypes, such as "women tend to make more efforts in balancing family and work."

　　"The reproductive cost of women is not socialized for the time being, and enterprises are unwilling to bear more expenses in this respect, which is an important reason for gender discrimination in the workplace." Yuanyuan said.

　　Before the two sessions in 2020, Yuan Yuan and the volunteer team made suggestions to the NPC deputies: extending paternity leave for men and implementing compulsory maternity leave. In their view, only by increasing the cost paid by men’s families can we improve the unfairness in the workplace and at the same time enhance the sense of responsibility of men’s family parenting.

　　It is a long way to ensure women’s equal employment.

　　Some media once searched online for "employment discrimination" in China’s judgment documents, and found that there were 152 related judgments and rulings from 2010 to 2020, of which less than half were based on employment discrimination.

　　On a social media, an article entitled "When asked to give birth, how to answer to satisfy the interviewer" was forwarded by many netizens. Faced with the seemingly "unsolvable" practical problems, many female job seekers can only choose passive adaptation.

　　In fact, there are more policies to promote equal employment. In China’s legal system, the provisions on women’s employment focus on protecting women’s equal rights and fair employment rights. For example, the Labor Law, the Employment Promotion Law, and the special provisions on labor protection for female employees all clearly stipulate the legal responsibilities that employers need to bear when they are suspected of gender discrimination in employment.

　　In February 2019, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Education issued the Notice of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Education on Further Regulating Recruitment Behavior to Promote Women’s Employment. Among them, it is required that employers and human resources service agencies that publish recruitment information containing gender discrimination shall be ordered to make corrections according to law; Refuses to correct, at more than 10 thousand yuan to 50 thousand yuan fine; If the circumstances are serious, the service license of human resources will be revoked.

　　However, in Yang Baoquan’s view, China does not have a perfect anti-employment sex discrimination law so far. At present, the provisions on the issue of gender discrimination in employment are too general, with low applicability and lack of operability in practice. How to report the employer and how to distribute the burden of proof after women encounter gender discrimination are not reflected in our laws.

　　Yang Baoquan believes that the implementation of the second-child policy will undoubtedly have a further impact on women’s employment. "In the future, the whole country and nation will benefit from the welfare brought by the population policy, and the female group will bear the related negative effects alone, which is contrary to the concept of fairness and justice."

　　There is still a long way to effectively promote employment equality. Yang Baoquan suggested that on the basis of continuing to improve legislation and birth policy, it is urgent to set up a special equal employment committee to be responsible for the organization, coordination and guidance of anti-employment discrimination.

　　"With specialized agencies, it is more conducive to ensuring that laws and regulations are implemented." He said.

　　Zhongqing Daily Zhongqing Net Trainee Reporter Chen Wei Source: China Youth Daily

Gearbox dispute: CVT or DCT, who is more resistant to operation?

It is said that there has been another dispute in the automobile circle recently. This time, the steel chain CVT is competing with Volkswagen’s 7-speed wet dual clutch. As a person who doesn’t know anything about cars, my first reaction is: aren’t these two iron boxes installed in cars? What’s there to argue about? But if you think about it carefully, this is not a trivial matter, it is related to our driving experience and the thickness of our wallet!

Speaking of CVT, it’s like a diligent old ox, and he doesn’t make mistakes when he works quickly. It doesn’t have a fixed ratio, just like a mind-reading assistant, it can adjust the speed according to your needs at any time, making you feel as smooth as floating in the clouds when driving. Moreover, this guy is particularly fuel-efficient, and he is simply the best partner of frugal drivers.

However, CVT also has its small temper. In the case of high speed or heavy load, it is a little overwhelmed, just like a long-distance runner who is suddenly asked to lift weights and is a little uncomfortable. Moreover, the internal structure of CVT is quite special, and maintenance may make your wallet thinner.

Let’s talk about the dual clutch. This guy is like a personality fanatic, and the speed of shifting gears dazzles you. It has two clutches, one for odd gears and the other for even gears, which are perfectly matched. It feels like playing a racing game, and you are so responsive that you seem to be a professional driver.

However, this "master" also has his own shortcomings. Complex structure means high maintenance cost, and it may be a bit "pumping" at low speed, just like an eccentric artist, sometimes giving you a little surprise.

After all, these two gearboxes are like friends with different personalities. CVT is a steady and reliable honest person, suitable for friends who like to drive comfortably and smoothly. However, it is the kind of passionate and energetic school, which is more suitable for fans who pursue passion and performance.

As for who is more resistant to exercise? It depends on how you fuck. If you are a gentle driver and often drive around the city, CVT may be more suitable for you. It can not only make your driving more comfortable, but also save you a lot of gas money. But if you are a "speed freak" who loves high-speed driving, those clutches may be more to your taste. It can give you faster response and stronger power output, and let you gallop on the expressway.

However, no matter which gearbox you choose, the most important thing is to take good care of it. Just like taking care of your pet, regular physical examination and regular feeding (oil change) are essential. For CVT, attention should be paid to inspection and replacement or chain to avoid long-term high-load operation. For the dual clutch, it needs to be overhauled in a professional service center. After all, its "temper" is more complicated and needs professionals to "serve".

The article is almost over. I have a question to ask you here: If you had to choose between a smooth and fuel-efficient CVT and a passionate dual clutch, what would you choose? Do you pursue a comfortable economy or prefer passion? Welcome to share your thoughts in the comments section!

At 3 o’clock on the afternoon of September 30, Yangbei Bayou, the mobile brigade of the traffic police detachment of Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, received an alarm from the masses, saying that a two-car rear-end collision occurred about 1 km south of the Bayou. After receiving the alarm, Li Qiangeng, a policeman on duty, immediately led several auxiliary police officers to the scene to carry out pre-disposal. At that time, the injured fell to the ground, and their consciousness was in a confused state. They quickly found umbrellas from the surrounding area and found pillows to put on their heads. In the nearly 20 minutes of waiting for 120 ambulances, Li Qiangeng always covered his umbrella on the head of the injured person who fell to the ground, regardless of his whole body clothes getting wet by the rain, while comforting the injured person with the injured person not to worry and waiting patiently for the ambulance to arrive.

The identity and labor of cleaners win the respect and recognition of tourists, and the situation of hurting the weak gains the understanding and help of passers-by. A small umbrella opens up a piece of empathy; The small space under the umbrella shares the civilization and human feelings of modern society. Autumn rain is cold and people are warm. Thank you for your umbrellas in the rain!

I have to say, in order to let more people use the big model, the technical circle is really different!

The model is not open enough? Someone started a free open source version on their own.

For example, DALL·E Mini, which is popular all over the network recently, and Opt-175B (Open Trained Transformer), which is opened by Meta.

It is all through the way of re-engraving that the original big model that is not open enough becomes available to everyone.

Others think that the model is too big for individual players to bear the sky-high cost.

Therefore, methods such as heterogeneous memory and parallel computing are proposed to speed up and reduce the cost of large model training.

For example, Colossal-AI, an open source project, has just realized that an NVIDIA RTX 3090 can single out a large model with 18 billion parameters.

In these two days, they came up with a new wave:

Seamlessly support Hugging Face community model, and only add a few lines of code to realize low-cost training and fine-tuning of large models.

You know, Hugging Face, as one of the most popular AI libraries, provides the realization of more than 50,000 AI models, which is the first choice for many AI players to train large models.

The Colossal-AI operation is to make the training and fine-tuning of the open model more practical.

And the training effect has also improved.

On a single GPU, compared with Microsoft’s DeepSpeed, Colossal-AI’s automatic optimization strategy can achieve 40% acceleration at the earliest.

Traditional deep learning frameworks such as PyTorch can no longer run such a large model on a single GPU.

For parallel training using 8 GPUs, it can be realized by adding -nprocs 8 to the startup command.

After this wave, it can be said that the cost, efficiency and practical problems that individual AI players need to consider are all grasped ~

No need to modify the code logic.

All talk and no practice.

Let’s take OPT as an example, and expand it in detail to see how the new functions of Colossal-AI can be used.

OPT, the full name is Open Pretrained Transformer.

It was released by Meta AI, and compared with GPT-3, the maximum parameter can reach 175 billion.

The biggest feature is that GPT-3 does not disclose model weights, while OPT opens all codes and weights.

Therefore, every developer can develop personalized downstream tasks on this basis.

The following example is to fine-tune Casual Language Modelling according to the pre-training weights provided by OPT.

Mainly divided into two steps:

1. Add a configuration file

2. Start the operation

The first step is to add a configuration file according to the task you want to perform.

For example, on a GPU, taking heterogeneous training as an example, it is only necessary to add relevant configuration items to the configuration file, without changing the training logic of the code.

For example, tension _ placement _ policy determines the strategy of heterogeneous training, and the parameters can be CUDA, CPU and auto.

The advantages of each strategy are different, and the adaptation situation is different.

CUDA: All model parameters are placed on the GPU, which is suitable for traditional scenes that can still be trained without unloading.

CPU: All the model parameters are placed in the CPU memory, and only the weights currently involved in calculation are reserved in the GPU memory, which is suitable for the training of super-large models.

Auto: According to the real-time memory information, automatically determine the amount of parameters to be kept in GPU memory, which can maximize the utilization of GPU memory and reduce data transmission between CPU and GPU.

For ordinary users, using auto strategy is the most convenient.

In this way, Colossal-AI can automatically and dynamically select the best heterogeneous strategy in real time to maximize the computational efficiency.

from colossalai.zero.shard_utils import TensorShardStrategy

zero = dict(model_config=dict(shard_strategy=TensorShardStrategy(),

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 tensor_placement_policy="auto"),

　 　 　 　 　 　 optimizer_config=dict(gpu_margin_mem_ratio=0.8))

The second step is to insert a few lines of code to start the new function after the configuration file is ready.

First, start Colossal-AI with a configuration file through a line of code.

Colossal-AI will automatically initialize the distributed environment, read the relevant configuration, and then automatically inject the functions in the configuration into components such as models and optimizers.

colossalai.launch_from_torch(config=’https://news.mydrivers.com/1/845/configs/colossalai_zero.py’)

Then, the data set, model, optimizer, loss function and so on are defined as usual.

For example, using native PyTorch code directly, when defining the model, you only need to initialize the model under ZeroInitContext.

Here, the OPTForCausalLM model and pre-training weights provided by Hugging Face are used to fine-tune the Wikitext dataset.

with ZeroInitContext(target_device=torch.cuda.current_device(),　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 shard_strategy=shard_strategy,

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 shard_param=True):

　 　 model = OPTForCausalLM.from_pretrained(

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 ‘facebook/opt-1.3b’

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 config=config

Next, just call colossalai.initialize to inject the heterogeneous memory functions defined in the configuration file into the training engine, and then start the corresponding functions.

engine, train_dataloader, eval_dataloader, lr_scheduler = colossalai.initialize(model=model,

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　optimizer=optimizer,

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　criterion=criterion,

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　train_dataloader=train_dataloader,

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　test_dataloader=eval_dataloader,

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　lr_scheduler=lr_scheduler)

Still have to rely on GPU+CPU heterogeneity

The key to enable users to achieve the above "fool-like" operation is that the AI system itself should be smart enough.

Gemini, an efficient heterogeneous memory management subsystem of Colossal-AI system, plays a core role.

It is like a manager in the system, which dynamically allocates the memory of CPU and GPU after collecting the information needed for calculation.

The specific working principle is to preheat in the previous step and collect the memory consumption information in the dynamic calculation diagram of PyTorch.

After preheating, before calculating an operator, using the collected memory usage records, Gemini will reserve the peak memory required by this operator on the computing device, and at the same time move some model tensors from GPU memory to CPU memory.

Gemini’s built-in memory manager marks each tensor with a state information, including HOLD, COMPUTE, FREE and so on.

Then, according to the dynamically queried memory usage, the tensor state is dynamically changed and the tensor position is adjusted.

The direct benefit is to maximize the model capacity and balance the training speed under the condition of very limited hardware.

You know, the mainstream method of ZeRO (Zero Reduency Optimizer) in the industry, although it also uses the method of CPU+GPU heterogeneous memory, will still cause problems such as system crash and unnecessary traffic due to static division.

Moreover, by using dynamic heterogeneous CPU+GPU memory, memory can also be expanded by adding memory bars.

It’s much more cost-effective than buying high-end graphics cards.

At present, using Colossal-AI method, RTX 2060 6GB ordinary game instinct training 1.5 billion parameter model; RTX 3090 24GB host directly hits the big model with 18 billion parameters; Tesla V100 32GB can even win 24 billion parameters.

In addition to maximizing the use of memory, Colossal-AI also uses distributed and parallel methods to continuously improve the training speed.

It proposes complex parallel strategies such as data parallelism, pipeline parallelism and 2.5-dimensional tensor parallelism.

Although the method is complex, it is still very "fool’s operation" to get started, and it can be realized automatically by simple declaration.

There is no need to invade code like other systems and frameworks, and handle complex underlying logic manually.

parallel = dict(

pipeline=2,

tensor=dict(mode=’2.5d’, depth = 1, size=4)

)

What else can Colossal-AI do?

In fact, since the open source, Colossal-AI has been ranked first in the world in the hot list of GitHub and Papers With Code for many times, and it is well-known in the technical circle.

In addition to training a large model with a single GPU as mentioned above, Colossal-AI can double its performance and reduce its resources to less than one tenth when it is extended to large-scale parallel scenes with dozens or even hundreds of GPUs, compared with existing systems such as Megatron-LM in NVIDIA.

In terms of conversion, the cost savings can reach millions of yuan on pre-training GPT-3 and other super-large AI models.

According to reports, Colossal-AI related solutions have been used by well-known manufacturers in autonomous driving, cloud computing, retail, medicine, chips and other industries.

At the same time, they also attach great importance to the construction of open source community, provide Chinese tutorials, open user community forums, and constantly update iterations according to everyone’s feedback.

For example, we found that a fan left a message asking whether Colossal-AI could directly load some models on Hugging Face.

Well, this update is coming.

So, what difficulties do you think need to be solved urgently for large model training?

In fact, the Internet medical industry entered a bottleneck period in previous years. Policy restrictions are on the one hand, and the industry itself has many problems to be straightened out. For example, Internet medical care has at least two problems that cannot be ignored, namely, the quality and safety of medical care. Considering the particularity of medical behavior, for example, western medicine needs to see, touch and listen, Chinese medicine needs to look, hear and ask questions, and the diagnosis and treatment mode of face-to-face communication is ruled out. What is the accuracy of Internet medical diagnosis results? Accuracy-based medical safety geometry? In other words, does Internet medical care have the possibility of first consultation?

In this regard, Zhu Hengpeng, director of the Public Policy Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said after the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting the Development of "Internet+Medical Health" that this restriction was to ensure the quality and safety of medical services, which reflected the highly cautious attitude of the Health and Health Commission. However, he also pointed out that it is not that the first Internet consultation must surpass the first offline consultation in terms of safety and service quality, and it should be allowed by the policy. Instead, it should be judged whether the first Internet consultation is not inferior to the first offline consultation under the conditions of comprehensively weighing the four factors of improving the accessibility of medical services, reducing costs, improving efficiency and ensuring quality. In addition, in addition to quality and safety issues, Internet medical care still needs to be improved.

First, the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect and lack effective supervision.Internet medical treatment is still a new industry. At present, some laws and regulations are not perfect, which makes the Internet medical treatment industry lack comprehensive and effective supervision and restriction. For example, information security issues such as privacy leakage that may exist in the use of consulting services, telemedicine and mobile medical equipment need to establish a set of privacy protection laws and regulations that are suitable for the national conditions.

Second, some medical institutions hold a wait-and-see attitude towards "Internet+medical care".The main purpose of "Internet+medical care" operation is to solve the contradiction between the imbalance of medical services and the growing demand for health services by the masses. However, the current medical institutions, especially public medical institutions, are unable to let go of medical talents, and the conservative wait-and-see between departments has restricted the development of "Internet+medical care" to some extent.

Third, doctors’ "pain points in practice" need to be concerned.At present, most online doctors are still organizations with the status of compilation, and online "sharing" may mean offline "loss". There is still a long way to go to realize the combination of online and offline doctors, and to ensure that patients can easily obtain electronic prescriptions while online diagnosis and treatment, so as to complete the purchase of drugs.

Although there are still many places that need to be improved and perfected, Internet medical care still has great development potential in the long run. If Internet medical care does not stop at a short-lived prosperity during the epidemic, it must try its best to overcome various obstacles that affect long-term development. Its core lies in the efforts to promote the multi-party linkage development environment of medical institutions, doctors, Internet companies, etc., to form a complete and standardized closed-loop medical service and realize real "digital health".

In the future, Internet medical care should strive to grasp the demands of all parties and take demand as the source of development.There are still many pain points in China’s traditional medical service system, such as difficult and expensive medical treatment, and the demands of all participants for Internet medical care are obvious. In this context, Internet medical enterprises need to think from the perspective of users’ needs, and seek application models and business models centered on users’ needs in the fields of medical services, public health, medical security and drug management.

The smart medical service model of "big data+artificial intelligence" will play an important role in promoting the development of Internet medical care. Intelligent medical products integrate disease monitoring, health management and decision-making, which can realize the interaction between patients and medical personnel, medical institutions and medical equipment, and gradually achieve informationization. I believe that in the near future, Internet medical care will be integrated with more high technologies such as artificial intelligence and sensing technology, so that medical services will become truly intelligent.