General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that through the continuous efforts of several generations of scholars, the research results of major projects such as the Chinese civilization tracing project have proved China’s millions of years of human history, 10,000 years of cultural history and more than 5,000 years of civilization history. Chinese civilization has outstanding continuity, outstanding innovation, outstanding unity, outstanding inclusiveness and outstanding peace. Shangshan culture is an important demonstration of our 10,000-year cultural history, showing awe-inspiring innovation, and it is also an important starting point for the origin of continuous civilization in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Tens of thousands of years ago, modern people with common genes have spread all over the world. But around 10,000 years ago, only a few people domesticated wild crops with outstanding innovation, completed the agricultural revolution and started the process of civilization. China’s ancestors of uphill culture are among them.

　　The cradle of other primitive civilizations in the world is the Nile in ancient Egypt, the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the Near East, and the Indus River in India, covering only a few hundred thousand square kilometers. The geographical cradle of Chinese civilization is vast and diverse. The cradle of China, which is only the core area of early civilization, covers an area of nearly 3 million square kilometers. A diverse environment naturally nurtures diverse people and cultures. Since the origin of agriculture, it has shown the characteristics of multiple competing innovations and development. The ancestors of the north cultivated the earliest millet and millet in the world; Ancestors in the Yangtze River valley and its adjacent areas domesticated the world’s earliest cultivated rice.

　　About 20,000 years ago, the ancestors of Immortal Cave in Wannian, Jiangxi Province burned the world’s earliest pottery and began to collect a large number of wild rice for food, which opened the prelude to the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic in the Yangtze River basin and its adjacent areas. Around 10,000 years ago, the uphill culture in Jinqu Basin of Zhejiang Province really took the step of agricultural revolution.

　　The most solid evidence comes from carbonized rice particles. It may be that the rice accidentally fell on the side of the fire pit during cooking, and the rice was carbonized by barbecue. Although it was incomplete, it still retained the precious information of early rice farming. The small protuberance at the end of rice husk, called spikelet axis, is used to connect the trunk of rice husk and rice ear. The spikelet axis of wild rice is not developed. When the rice is ripe, the spikelet axis is difficult to bear the load and naturally breaks, and the rice falls to the ground, waiting for germination and growth again in the next year. The fragile spikelet axis is a delicate design of nature, which ensures the species reproduction of wild rice. When collecting wild rice, human beings will not pick up the fallen rice grains in the muddy water, but pinch the rice ears and eat the rice that is still preserved on the rice ears because the spikelet axis is relatively strong. Therefore, all rice seeds sown by human beings have strong spikelet axis genes. After long-term artificial intervention, the spikelet axis of rice will become stronger and stronger, and it will not fall off naturally, which is beneficial for human beings to collect and eat.

　　Abundant rice remains, including carbonized rice, rice husk, spikelet shaft and other different parts, have been unearthed at Qiaotou site in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, with a total of more than 50,000 samples. The spikelet axis showed obvious domestication characteristics, indicating that rice farming had started around 10 thousand years ago, and the planted rice had become an important food source. In the analysis of soil samples in the lower cultural layer, rice phytolith with domestication characteristics was found, and the follow-up study may trace the agricultural origin of China back to an earlier period. At present, rice farming has fed 60% of the world’s population, which is a great contribution made by Chinese civilization to the survival and development of mankind.

　　The agricultural revolution is an epoch-making change from directly obtaining food from nature to transforming nature, domesticating animals and plants, and actively producing food. It not only greatly improves human survival ability, but also directly leads to profound changes in lifestyle, social organization and ideology. Relying on cultivated land makes settlement an inevitable way of living for agricultural people. During the hunting and gathering period, the natural mountains, rivers, lakes, wild animals and plants were all shared resources by the whole community. After the emergence of settled agricultural villages, cultivated land and grain produced are more likely to be converted into private property of pioneers and cultivators. Compared with hunting and gathering, the harvest of crops is more predictable. With more manpower and more sweat, you can get more harvest. Crops are also more conducive to long-term storage and provide survival guarantee when natural food resources are in short supply. These characteristics of agriculture are conducive to the accumulation of private wealth and are more likely to cause polarization between the rich and the poor. A more stable food source will inevitably bring about population growth, the expansion of community size, and ultimately promote the development of social organizations.

　　Qiaotou site is a typical representative of settled villages in the origin of rice farming. The village covers an area of 20,000 square meters, surrounded by carefully planned trenches, column holes of dry-column buildings that have been lived in the trenches for a long time, pits for storing food for a long time, pottery, stone tools, animal and plant remains left over from long-term life, and tombs for burying the dead, which reflect rich content of settlement life.

　　A stable and leisurely life will naturally lead to the development of culture and art. The pottery of Shangshan culture presents amazing elegance.

　　At that time, the process of making pottery was quite complicated. The brown clay tire of the pottery blank will be immersed in white mud and gently taken out, and the body has become white. Mud is made of clay containing silicon and aluminum, which is the raw material for making porcelain later, and is called "cosmetic soil". The white body will be immersed in the red mud again, dyed into warm red, and after firing, it will form a unique "mountain red". There are quite a variety of pottery, including large pots, flat chassis, pots, cans and foot-circling devices. There are many hollows on the circle foot of the circle foot device, not for practicality, but for beauty. The elegant neck and well-proportioned abdomen of the high-necked bottle are not inferior to the highest level porcelain in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

　　The ancestors who went up the mountain even scratched the red pottery with white colors, drawing various images and symbols. This is the earliest painted pottery in China, revealing profound spiritual information. There is a magic pattern on each side of the neck of a pottery jar. There are two kinds of patterns, and the patterns in symmetrical positions are the same. In the first pattern, there are three broken short lines, one continuous short line in the middle and two broken short lines on it. The following three breaks are exactly the same as the Kun hexagrams in the eight diagrams, and the two paragraphs above are exactly the same as the earthquake hexagrams, and the lower Kun is shocked, which is the "Yu" hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams. The second pattern consists of six short broken lines, and a long arc is sandwiched between the two broken lines. If you don’t consider this long arc with unknown meaning, it seems to contain six hexagrams. The broken line has the same meaning as the broken line, and the six hexagrams are all broken lines, which are the divinatory symbols of Kungua. Of course, it is difficult for us to say that 9000 years ago, the profound meaning and all the divinatory images of Zhouyi had been formed. But such similarity is hard to explain by coincidence. We can at least speculate that the Yijing-style way of thinking has sprouted in that distant era. Other typical decorations, such as grouped dots, "sun" patterns and triangular patterns on the top, are also not realistic or add "aesthetic feeling", but more like abstract stippling to convey mysterious meaning. Its true meaning is still difficult to decipher, but it is more intriguing than realistic images.

　　The social development mode based on rice farming laid by Shangshan culture has far-reaching influence. Archaeologists poetically describe the process of civilization in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as "climbing a mountain, crossing a bridge, passing a ferry and coming to a beautiful continent surrounded by mountains and water". Around 8000 years ago, the cross-lake bridge culture rose in Ningshao Plain, and rice farming further developed. The formation of Hemudu culture around 7000 years ago marked the maturity of rice farming. Yuyao Shi ‘ao Site found the largest, oldest and most well-documented ancient rice field in the world, which was tens of thousands of square meters in Hemudu culture period and continued to be used until Liangzhu culture period more than 5,000 years ago. Different from millet agriculture, which basically depends on the weather, large-scale rice farming has high requirements for farmland water conservancy facilities, so it also promotes social development more effectively. The rise of Liangzhu culture is marked by the large-scale construction of water conservancy facilities. The water conservancy facilities around Liangzhu ancient city are huge and complex, which can effectively block the once-in-a-century flood, regulate the flow of more than 100 square kilometers of rivers, irrigate rice fields and form an efficient transportation network. Carbonized rice remains equivalent to nearly 200 thousand kilograms of rice were found in the core area of Liangzhu ancient city. It is precisely because of the highly developed rice farming that the ancestors of Liangzhu successfully built the earliest national political organization of Chinese civilization and became the most powerful demonstration of Chinese civilization for 5,000 years.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader proposed to "promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese civilization, activate its vitality, carry forward the cultural spirit that spans time and space, transcends the country, is full of eternal charm and has contemporary value, and make the cultural relics collected in museums, the heritage displayed on the vast land and the words written in ancient books come alive, so that Chinese civilization, together with the colorful civilizations created by people all over the world, can provide correct spiritual guidance and strong spiritual motivation for mankind". As an important demonstration of the origin of rice farming in the world and the ten thousand-year cultural history of China, and an important starting point of the origin of Chinese civilization, the important value of Shangshan culture goes without saying, and its cultural remains are very promising in ontology protection, value interpretation, achievement display and utilization. With the further development of archaeological excavation and multidisciplinary research, the construction of related ruins parks and museums, and the implementation of more creative publicity and display strategies, it is believed that Shangshan culture will become an increasingly eye-catching cultural brand, providing a far-reaching cultural foundation for Zhejiang’s Chinese modernization.

　　[The author is the deputy director of the Institute of Ancient History, China Academy of Social Sciences]

　　　　 Kanye Omari West, a rap superstar, stopped using one of his social accounts without giving much explanation.

　　On Tuesday afternoon (April 18th), Mr. Kan posted a screenshot photo on a social account, showing the last step of application. His account can be temporarily suspended with one click, and his home page could not be searched on the social platform after a few minutes.

　　This is not the first time that Mr. Kan has quit the Internet. Before that, he was opposed and supported by Donald Trump because of his performance of saturday night live, and he stopped using the social platform twice in October 2018 and September 2020. In October last year, after Kanye made anti-Semitic remarks, his account was temporarily banned by the software official. He went to another social platform and posted a picture containing Nazi ten thousand characters. As a result, his account was suspended by his friend Elon Musk in December, and he lost his voice on two social platforms. Up to now, Mr. Kan’s third social account is all right, but it has not been updated since he changed his avatar on December 8 last year, and he has not registered the most popular social media platform.

　　Born in Chicago, Kanye seems to want to keep a low profile and enjoy the family life with his new wife Bianca Censori. Bianca, a 28-year-old Australian designer, works under Kanye. In January this year, the couple held a small wedding, but it was said that it was not legal.

　　It is reported that Grandpa Kan has given up his plan to run for president in 2024. The insider revealed: "After a cooperative election campaign-or at least getting more attention through his appearance in marginal media like InfoWars-Kanye’s two campaign aides began to tear each other apart." This infighting prevented Kanye’s campaign from advancing, so he decided to withdraw from the general election. He said: "Now, I just want to live a good life-focus on school, Tangda College, my new wife and my children, that’s all. I don’t want to be noticed. "

　　It is only temporarily suspended, not permanently cancelled, so the subtext of Kanye can be applied to the famous sentence "I will definitely come back". (Bubu)

As the saying goes, food is the most important thing for the people! When you come to Great America, how can you not eat? Especially as a senior foodie, we should not only eat well and eat completely, but also eat chic and authentic!

The United States has its own unique food culture, and there are countless American cuisines that can be exported. However, is the delicious American food we are after really loved by local people? What are the different eating habits of people in American States?

America is a famous meat-eating country. Although the per capita meat consumption of American imperialists has been declining in recent years, it is close to the consumption level of 100 pounds per person per year, and there are few rivals in the world.

What is unknown, however, is that the favorite meat eater is actually Montana, which consumes the most red meat every year in the United States. In fact, the residents of this state eat steaks and hamburgers on average for three or four days a week.

At the same time, Maine people eat meat at least once or twice a week on average, generally not more than three times. Children’s shoes who can’t stand the daily meat supplement can consider applying here!

My mother told me since I was a child that eating more vegetables is good for your health! Outside the country, the most common cooking practice of vegetables is probably the salad of various colors.

Surprisingly, however, those areas in the central United States where all kinds of fruits and vegetables are planted and farms are everywhere are indeed the places that don’t like vegetables the most.

On the contrary, people in California, new york City, Florida, District of Columbia, Oregon and Hawaii prefer to eat fresh vegetables every day. You know, most Hawaiians eat green leafy vegetables three to four days a week.

Donuts, cupcakes, American pies, brownies and so on are all standard American desserts. Among them, the American people who love sweets are in the District of Columbia. In order to keep local tourists, the shops here will add double sugar to desserts! The capital is like this, no wonder the obesity rate in the United States is only rising.

In addition to the District of Columbia, several big states along the coastline are also fond of sweets. In contrast, the central and western regions are much calmer in the face of the temptation of dessert. Instagram also made a statistic, and they found that 89.7% of users in North Dakota prefer "fitness" to "sweets", making it the most "rational" state in the United States.

As early as August 2013, a poll showed that the number of people who prefer wine and beer in the United States is almost half-split. However, this kind of love has distinct regional differences.

In fact, wine is more popular in the eastern and western coasts, while beer is more sought after by people in the central and western regions.

Moreover, the colder the place, the more people love to drink. In areas like Wisconsin, North Dakota and Montana, where the temperature is ten to twenty degrees below zero in winter, the number of bars they own even exceeds that of grocery stores, which is simply nothing! Wine! No! Huan!

Soda is a part of American history. Although soda is called differently in different parts of the United States (soda, pop, coke), there is no doubt that the American people love all kinds of soft drinks deeply.

However, the survey found that the farther to the southeast, the more people like to drink, and this trend is surprisingly consistent with the latest distribution map of obesity in various States in the United States. Babies who want to lose weight, please resist the temptation of sweet water, okay?

According to one of the top ten fast food chain brands in the United States — — According to a survey by Dunkin’ Donuts, 61% of workers in the United States need to drink more than 2 cups of coffee every day, and 28% will need more than 3 cups. Among them, scientists and computer engineers like to refresh themselves with coffee.

Although Starbucks is the first thing that comes to mind when people think of American coffee, in fact, people on the east coast prefer to drink Dunkin’ Donuts freshly ground coffee; Starbucks is more common in the Pacific coast, especially its birthplace — — Near Seattle. Don’t think that Dunkin’ Donuts just eat doughnuts. Try their coffee.

There are countless international fast food chains that originated in the United States. Take McDonald’s as an example. So far, it has opened stores in more than 35,000 regions around the world, and there are as many as 20,000 branches in the United States alone!

However, the fast food chain popular in more States is not McDonald’s, but this — — Chick-Fil-A fil-a love chicken.

Fule Chicken is the second largest chicken fast food chain in the United States, with more than 1,700 branches, and its customer service and product quality are almost perfect. Their fried chicken burger is claimed to be the best fried chicken and burger in the United States and even in the world! However, there is no store in their home in China.

Chinese food also has a certain scale market in the United States. Nowadays, the number of restaurants in the United States and China has exceeded the sum of McDonald’s, KFC, Burger King and Wendy’s! As the picture shows, there are quite a few Chinese restaurants even in Hawaii and Alaska. . .

Especially in the northeastern States of the United States, Nevada and along the coast of San Francisco, Chinese restaurants are more densely distributed. Unless you are really tired of Chinese food and go to a "Chinese food desert" like the north of Dakota and the west of Texas, Chinese food will linger in the United States like the smell of chili pepper.

　

　

China Fund Morning News integrates CCTV news, Xinhua News Agency and reference news.

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict continues, and the death toll has increased again!

According to CCTV news, on May 18th, local time, the health department in Gaza said that in the past day, 83 Gaza people were killed and 105 injured in Israeli military operations in Gaza.

Since the Israeli-Palestinian conflict broke out on October 7th last year, the death toll in Gaza has reached 35,386, with 79,366 injured.

According to a report by the Palestinian News Agency on May 18th, at least 15 people were killed and 30 injured when Israeli troops intensively bombed the Gebali refugee camp in the northern Gaza.

On May 18th, The Israel Times quoted the IDF as saying that in the past day, the Israeli air force attacked more than 70 targets in the Gaza, and the ground forces continued to carry out military operations in Rafah, Gebali and other places.

Look at the details-

Israeli forces bombed refugee camps in northern Gaza.

Causing 15 deaths and 30 injuries

CCTV News quoted the official Palestinian news agency (Wafa News Agency) as saying that on May 18th, local time, the Israeli army carried out a fierce air raid on the Gebali refugee camp in the northern part of the Gaza, killing 15 people and injuring 30 others.

According to the report, the Israeli army bombed a local settlement for the homeless and attacked the displaced people who tried to return home. The injured people have been sent to Kamal Adouan Hospital in the northern part of Gaza for treatment.

On the morning of May 18th, the Israel Defense Forces issued a statement saying that the Israeli army continued to carry out military operations in Gebali, the central part of the Gaza Strip and the eastern part of Rafah, the southern city of the Gaza Strip, hitting more than 70 targets of Palestinian armed groups in the past day.

Israeli warplanes launched air strikes.

The death toll continues to rise.

According to Xinhua News Agency on May 18, the Israeli military issued a statement on the evening of May 17, saying that Israeli warplanes launched air strikes on a refugee camp in the West Bank city of Jenin that day.

Recently, the Israeli army rarely dispatched fighter planes to carry out air strikes on the West Bank, and many Israeli media described the air strikes as "rare". The Palestinian Ministry of Health announced on the same day that one Palestinian was killed and five others were injured in the air strike.

According to CCTV news, on May 17th, local time, the Israeli army continued its military operations in the Gebali-Yeh area in the northern Gaza Strip. According to Israeli media, the recent fighting in Gebali is one of the "fiercest" battles since the outbreak of this round of conflict.

On May 17th, local time, the IDF issued a notice saying that in the past week, the 7th Armored Brigade of the Israeli Army killed about 60 Palestinian militants in close combat in the Gebali area in the northern Gaza Strip. The Israeli army also launched dozens of air strikes, blowing up many targets. The Israeli paratroopers brigade also carried out operations in the Gebali area, found a warehouse with rockets and explosives, and arrested 20 armed men in a nearby shelter.

According to local Israeli media quoted Israeli military sources, the recent fighting in the Gebali area is one of the fiercest battles since the outbreak of the current Palestinian-Israeli conflict. At present, the actions of the Israeli army are mainly concentrated in the hinterland of Gebali Yeh refugee camp. There are many narrow lanes in the refugee camp, which hinder the movement of armored vehicles such as military tanks. Palestinian militants hide in ground buildings and underground tunnels and constantly launch attacks on Israeli troops.

On May 17th, Hamas released a video of militants of the organization recently attacking Israeli combat troops in Gebali and eastern Rafah. The video shows that armed men in Hamas attacked Israeli tanks and bulldozers several times by ambush and using anti-tank weapons.

The Palestinian Islamic Jihad (Jehad) issued a statement on May 18th local time, saying that an Israeli air strike on a residential building in the Jenin refugee camp in the West Bank of the Palestinian Jordan River resulted in the death of a commander of the quds force Jenin camp, an armed wing of the organization.

The statement condemned the Israeli army’s attack on residential buildings, causing civilian casualties in refugee camps. This is the continuation of the Israeli military action in the Gaza Strip in the West Bank, and it is an intolerable "war crime". The statement said that the use of the air force to carry out assassination was a dangerous development, and the attack confirmed that the Israeli army had escalated its operations in the West Bank.

According to Palestinian media reports, after the air raid, the local Palestinian people in Jenin launched a large-scale demonstration to protest the Israeli air raid.

Found in the Gaza area

The bodies of three Israeli hostages

According to German media reports, Israeli army spokesman Daniel Hagari announced on May 17th that the Israeli army had found the bodies of three Israeli hostages in Gaza.

According to reports, Shani Luke, a girl with dual German and Israeli citizenship, was declared dead at the end of October last year, and her body was discovered by the Israeli army a few days ago. The Israeli military confirmed that the other two bodies found were a 28-year-old woman, amit Bouskila, and a 56-year-old man, Yitzhak GreLenter.

The Israeli military did not immediately disclose the location where the body was found. But according to media reports, the body was found in the Hamas Tunnel in Gaza.

German Foreign Minister Berber expressed condolences to the families of the victims. He declared on the social media platform: "I express my condolences to them and their relatives who can say goodbye now."

In addition, Qatar Al Jazeera reported on May 17th that foreign ministers from 13 countries jointly sent a letter to Israeli Foreign Minister Katz, warning Israel to stop its ground offensive against Rafah, a city in the southern Gaza Strip, and allowing more assistance to the Palestinians.

According to the report, the letter is four pages long and the date of payment is May 15th. Except the United States, all other members of the Group of Seven (G7) have signed this letter. The letter was signed by the foreign ministers of Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Japan, Canada, Australia, Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Korea and Sweden.

In this letter to Katz, 13 foreign ministers also called on Netanyahu’s government to open all border crossings, including Rafah, which borders Egypt, to alleviate the worsening humanitarian crisis in Gaza.

Hussein’s armed forces announced that they had hit the US military drone.

British cruise ship attacked near Moka, Yemen

According to foreign media reports, on May 17, local time, the Houthi armed forces in Yemen announced the shooting down of an American MQ-9 "Death" drone, and announced the picture of the shooting down moment.

Ye Haiya Salia, a spokesman for Houthi armed forces, said that on the evening of May 16, the armed forces shot down an MQ-9 drone with surface-to-air missiles. The picture shows that the missile vacated in the night, and after hitting, the debris of the drone splashed and fell quickly.

The report said that the US military had been informed of the news, but did not respond. It is reported that the cost of each "Death" drone is about 30 million US dollars, the flying height can reach 50,000 feet (about 15,240 meters), and the battery life can reach 24 hours.

In addition, on May 18th, local time, the British Maritime Safety Company (Ambrey) said that it had received news that a crude oil tanker flying the Panamanian flag was attacked about 10 nautical miles southwest of Moka, Yemen.

According to foreign media reports, the company said that radio communication showed that the tanker was hit by a missile and the tanker caught fire. However, the company did not disclose the specific content of radio communication.

The report also said that earlier on May 18, the British Maritime Trade Action Office under the British military said that a ship was attacked by unknown objects in the Red Sea and the ship was slightly damaged. The British Maritime Trade Action Office said that the attacked ship and crew were safe and the ship was on its way to the next stop. According to the office, the incident occurred about 76 nautical miles northwest of Hodeida, Yemen.

Editor: Captain

Audit: Muyu

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