The Russian military "dagger" hypersonic weapon system successfully completed the test in the Arctic, and the US Navy began to test unmanned sailboats in the waters near Jordan … At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, military powers such as the United States and Russia made frequent moves in the research and development of new weapons and equipment. After a little combing, it is not difficult to find that in recent years, with the continuous progress of global scientific and technological level, a large number of cutting-edge technologies have been applied to the military field, a new round of world military scientific and technological revolution is surging, and the form of war is quietly changing.

Hypersonic weapons have developed rapidly

Hypersonic weapons mainly refer to weapons based on hypersonic flight technology, which fly at more than 5 times the speed of sound, including missiles, bombers, reconnaissance planes and so on. This new weapon, which is known for its quickness, is considered by many military experts to change the future war mode to some extent. In recent years, the United States, Russia and other world military powers have launched fierce competition in the field of hypersonic weapons, launched a number of hypersonic weapons research and development projects, and some projects have made major breakthroughs.

Russia is in a leading position in the field of hypersonic weapons. As early as the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began to develop the hypersonic cruise missile code-named "X-90". At present, there are three kinds of hypersonic missiles owned by Russia, namely zircon, dagger and pioneer. Among them, the "dagger" hypersonic missile has a speed of up to Mach 10, which is mounted and launched by MIG -31 fighters. It can carry conventional warheads or nuclear warheads and is the first hypersonic weapon put into use by the Russian army. The speed of "Pioneer" hypersonic intercontinental missile exceeds Mach 20, which is enough to easily penetrate the air defense and anti-missile network carefully constructed by opponents. At the end of 2019, the first land-based "Pioneer" missile regiment of the Russian army joined the combat duty. "Zircon" is Russia’s first sea-based hypersonic cruise missile. It was successfully tested in October 2020 with a flight speed of Mach 9 and can be launched from a warship or submarine.

America also attaches great importance to hypersonic weapons. At present, the US military services are developing hypersonic weapons, mainly including the navy’s "conventional fast attack" hypersonic glider, the army’s "long-range hypersonic weapon", the air force’s AGM-183 "air-launched rapid response weapon" and "hypersonic attack cruise missile". However, the development of US hypersonic weapons is not smooth. In 2021, the US Air Force conducted three test launches of new hypersonic missiles, all of which ended in failure.

In addition, Japan, South Korea, India and other countries also have their own hypersonic weapons development plans and projects. It can be predicted that in the field of hypersonic weapon research and development, the situation of fierce competition among countries will become more and more obvious.

Artificial intelligence technology is widely used.

Artificial intelligence is one of the core technologies leading a new round of military revolution. In recent years, in order to seize the commanding heights of military science and technology, major countries have promoted the application of artificial intelligence technology in the military field while upgrading the research and development of artificial intelligence to a national strategy.

The United States is the first country to develop artificial intelligence technology and apply it to the military field. At present, the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense has launched the "Next Generation Artificial Intelligence" project, which mainly includes: promoting the technical update of key business process automation of the Department of Defense, improving the adaptability and reliability of the artificial intelligence system, enhancing the security and flexibility of machine learning and artificial intelligence technology, and innovating the algorithms and applications of the next generation artificial intelligence. At the same time, the US military has incorporated the development of artificial intelligence technology into the information plan of the Ministry of National Defense. According to reports, the US Navy EA-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraft has the ability to counter the enemy’s unknown radar due to the use of machine learning algorithms and other technologies.

Russian military artificial intelligence technology has been tested in actual combat. In the battle to help the Syrian government forces fight against the rebels, the Russian army used combat robots, drones and automated command systems. At present, the artificial intelligence marine robots independently developed by Russia include "Platform -M" and "Argo", which can perform tasks such as patrol, reconnaissance, demining and close fire support. In addition, the Russian army has also developed a robot that looks like a military dog and can run quickly, which is used to undertake tasks such as transporting ammunition supplies to the line of fire.

Britain, Germany, Israel and other countries have also taken artificial intelligence technology research as the focus of national defense construction. Britain claims to have developed a military robot called Homo sapiens. Germany’s Typhoon fighters have successfully connected with remote control vehicles. The Israeli military is developing intelligent tanks, which can plan tasks independently, drive automatically and use weapons automatically.

Unmanned combat weapons are in the ascendant

In today’s era, a new round of world scientific and technological revolution is developing rapidly, and the form of war is accelerating to intelligent evolution. In order to win the future war, major countries have accelerated the development of unmanned combat weapons and actively explored man-machine cooperative warfare methods.

According to the plan of the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Russian army is setting up the first unmanned combat unit composed of attack robots. The unit includes five sets of Uranus -9 robot systems and 20 unmanned combat vehicles. Uranus -9 is a multi-functional combat platform, equipped with 2A72 30 mm automatic artillery, 7.62 mm machine gun, anti-tank missiles and other weapons. At present, the Russian army, navy and air force have all installed unmanned combat platforms. Every division and brigade-level unit of the Russian Army has a drone company, and the Russian Northern Fleet has a drone regiment.

Most of the US Army combat units at all levels have UAV units. The US Navy is implementing the "Ghost Fleet" plan and preparing to build a force including 10 unmanned ships. At present, the US Navy has completed the twin-boat test of two unmanned ships, the Wanderer and the Ranger. These two ships will be equipped with Mk41 missile vertical launch system or Mk57 advanced vertical launch system. According to a guidance document issued by the US Navy in early January this year, medium and large unmanned surface combat ships and their formations will be the focus of their future development.

France, Britain and other countries are also striving for breakthroughs in the research and development of unmanned combat weapons. The British Ministry of Defence plans to start manufacturing the first unmanned combat aircraft in 2025. Equipped with missiles and electronic warfare equipment, the fighter will become the first unmanned fighter in Britain to shoot down enemy aircraft and resist the threat of surface-to-air missiles. The British Ministry of Defence claims that this unmanned aerial vehicle can find and avoid the enemy’s air defense system, and can continue to perform tasks even in the case of cyber attacks.

(Author: School of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology)

Above: Russian naval vessels test-fired "Zircon" hypersonic missiles.

Information picture

　　April 15th to 21st is the 30th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week. The theme of this week is "Comprehensive Policy and Scientific Cancer Prevention", which advocates everyone to be the first responsible person for their own health. According to the report released by the National Cancer Center, in 2022, it is estimated that there will be 4.825 million new cancer cases and 2.574 million new cancer deaths in China. Among the new cases, the top five cancer types are lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer and liver cancer.

　　the whole world

　　Lung cancer has become the largest cancer killer in the world, followed by breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

　　IARC)Freddie, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) under the World Health Organization.
The team led by Bray recently published the latest cancer report in authoritative journals in the medical field. According to IARC data, in 2022, it is estimated that there will be 19.974 million new cancer cases and 9.744 million cancer deaths worldwide. Among them, the number of new cases of lung cancer reached 2.481 million, accounting for 12.4% of the new cases of cancer in the world. This is also the first time that lung cancer has become the largest cancer in the world after being surpassed by breast cancer in 2020.

　　At the same time, lung cancer is also the largest cancer killer in the world. In 2022, it caused 1.817 million deaths, accounting for 18.7% of all cancer deaths, followed by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer.

　　According to the assessment of FreddieBray’s team, about one-fifth of people in the world will get cancer in their lifetime, and about one-ninth of men and one-twelfth of women will die of cancer. However, due to the difference of development level, the cancer detection rate and cancer survival rate may be significantly different among different countries. Take breast cancer as an example. In areas with very high human development index, one in every 12 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and one in every 71 will die of breast cancer. However, in areas with low human development index, although only one in every 27 women will find that they have breast cancer, one in every 48 women will eventually die of breast cancer.

　　China

　　The incidence of female lung cancer in China is 2.6 times of the global average.

　　In the cancer data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the situation in China was jointly calculated by the Agency and the National Cancer Center (NCC) in China. The National Cancer Center has also published a number of studies, such as "Analysis on the Epidemic Situation of Malignant Tumors in China in 2022", which introduced the latest cases of malignant tumors in China in detail.

　　In 2022, it is estimated that there will be 4.825 million new cancer cases and 2.574 million new cancer deaths in China. The first cancer in China is lung cancer. Only compared with the whole world, the disease burden of lung cancer in China is more prominent. Throughout 2022, the number of new lung cancer patients in China reached 1.061 million, equivalent to 75.1 per 100,000 people suffering from lung cancer.

　　At the same time, lung cancer is also the most "fatal" cancer in China. In 2022, 51.9 out of every 100,000 people will die of lung cancer. This is related to the fact that lung cancer usually has no symptoms in the early stage. Once found, it may have developed to the advanced stage. Moreover, the prognosis of lung cancer is poor. Research shows that the five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients in China is only 19.7% from 2012 to 2015.

　　However, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in women are significantly lower than those in men.

　　Thyroid cancer and breast cancer are common health problems of women in China, both of which are related to estrogen level. It is found that there is an increasing risk between these two cancers. Compared with the general population, patients with either of these two cancers are more likely to develop the other cancer.

　　Fortunately, the mortality rates of breast cancer and thyroid cancer are not very high-in 2022, for every 100,000 women in China, the number of deaths from breast cancer and thyroid cancer was 10.9 and 1.1 respectively. As early as 2010 to 2014, the five-year survival rate of breast cancer patients in China has reached 83.2%.

　　Among the top ten high-incidence cancers in China, the incidence and mortality of other cancers are higher than the global level except those in reproductive organs.

　　What is striking is that the incidence of lung cancer among women in China is 2.6 times that of women in the world, while the smoking rate among women in China is only 1.85%, which is lower than many countries in the world. It is speculated that the high incidence of lung cancer in women is partly due to the air pollution in the outdoor environment and the indoor air pollution caused by the burning of solid fuel during home heating and cooking.

　　remove doubts

　　Is it an illusion that more and more people are suffering from cancer?

　　Compared with the incidence announced in previous years, the incidence of some cancers among China residents in 2022 increased a lot. For example, the crude incidence of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 people in 2017, and by 2022, this figure soared to 33.0.

　　In this regard, the National Cancer Center reminded in a study that the detection rate of cancer is indeed rising due to the improvement of people’s awareness of cancer prevention and the increase of people who take the initiative to seek medical treatment. However, a statistical factor that can’t be ignored is that the cancer data of China released by IARC before came from the situation of some cancer registries in China, instead of being calculated based on the data of 2,806 existing cancer registries in China in 2022. Therefore, the gap between IARC’s cancer data in China IARC2022 and before does not accurately reflect the changes of cancer in China.

　　Is the incidence of cancer among China residents on the rise? Based on the continuous follow-up data of 22 cancer registries in China, some researchers analyzed the changes of incidence and mortality of different cancers in China from 2000 to 2018, thus eliminating the influence of changes in data sources.

　　Their conclusion is that in recent 20 years, the incidence of cancer in China is increasing and the mortality rate is decreasing. In terms of gender, the incidence rate of women is increasing significantly, while that of men is in a stable trend.

　　In 2022, the new cases of thyroid cancer in China accounted for more than half of the new cases of thyroid cancer in the world, which is also a significant increase of cancer for both men and women in China, with an annual increase of 16.9% and 15.7% respectively from 2000 to 2018.

　　However, thyroid cancer is not terrible. It is an inert asymptomatic tumor. The rapid rise of thyroid cancer in recent years is mainly related to the improvement of people’s awareness of cancer prevention, better medical care opportunities and the popularization of detection technology.

　　In China, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer, which have high incidence and poor prognosis, are declining continuously. At the same time, some cancers, such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, which used to be low in China and high in developed countries, are on the rise.

　　suggestion

　　How to reduce the risk of cancer in daily life?

　　How to reduce the risk of cancer in daily life? Listen to the advice of experts.

　　■ Change the unhealthy lifestyle

　　Smoking, alcoholism, obesity, stress, lack of exercise and unreasonable eating habits are all risk factors for cancer. Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, balanced diet, moderate exercise and keeping a good mood can effectively reduce the occurrence of cancer.

　　■ Pay close attention to carcinogenic factors.

　　Cancer is not contagious, but some bacteria (such as Helicobacter pylori) and viruses (such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis virus, EB virus, etc.) closely related to cancer are contagious. Maintaining personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle can prevent cancer.

　　■ Stay away from carcinogens around you.

　　There are many definite carcinogens around us, such as formaldehyde, aflatoxin and nitrite. It is recommended not to eat moldy food, and to eat less fried and pickled food.

　　■ Vaccination to prevent some cancers

　　HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer and other cancers. Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B virus infection, and hepatitis B is a high risk factor for liver cancer. Vaccination can avoid infection with related bacteria and viruses, so it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as possible.

　　■ Stay optimistic.

　　A good attitude is a good medicine to prevent and fight cancer, and a positive attitude can help us maintain a normal and reasonable life. Learn to be optimistic and cheer up. Good at self-comfort, self-liberation. Avoid impatience, anger or unhappiness.

　　■ Choose individualized anti-cancer physical examination

　　Tertiary prevention can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer. At present, most common cancers can be found early by technical means. For example, low-dose spiral CT can be used to screen lung cancer, ultrasound combined with molybdenum target can screen breast cancer, and gastrointestinal endoscopy can screen digestive tract cancer.

　　Choosing individual physical examination items according to individual genetic history, disease history, age and previous examination results is the key to improve the early diagnosis rate of cancer.

　　■ Be alert to early symptoms

　　The earlier cancer is found, the better the treatment effect and the longer the survival time. When the body has symptoms such as abnormal lump, persistent pain, blood in sputum, painless hematuria, changes in stool habits and characteristics or blood, you should go to the hospital in time.
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Source: Huashang. com-Huashang Daily