At the beginning of this year, many places began to start the reform of employee outpatient mutual aid security. This system, which concerns the interests of 354 million medical insurance participants, requires that the payment of benefits be tilted towards retirees. By the end of 2021, there were 93.24 million retired employees in the basic medical insurance system for employees.

　　At present, 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have issued documents to improve the mutual aid guarantee mechanism for local employees’ medical insurance clinics. Among them, many provinces and cities stipulate that the outpatient payment limit and payment ratio of retirees are higher than those of on-the-job employees.

　　Even so, among the public opinions received by local medical insurance departments, retirees think that "after the reform, the level of treatment has decreased due to the reduction of the amount of personal accounts", accounting for the majority.

　　In the policy explanation, the medical insurance departments in many places clearly stated that after the reform, the personal accounts of most insured persons will be reduced in the current period. At the same time, they also used specific data and cases to explain to the public that for retirees who suffer from chronic diseases at their own expense, the benefits of outpatient mutual aid far exceed the reduction of personal accounts, often by reducing hundreds of yuan, reimbursing thousands or even thousands of yuan.

　　Medical insurance bureau, Hunan Province, said in "Interpretation of Policies on Improving Personal Accounts of Retired Workers" that the outpatient mutual aid mechanism is to use the law of large numbers to resolve the risks of social groups. The number of personal accounts for medical insurance is different from that of individuals at present, but in terms of system, mutual aid guarantee has a more risk prevention function. Workers’ medical insurance is not only a personal account and general outpatient co-ordination, but also a series of policies such as outpatient treatment of chronic and special diseases and hospitalization treatment, which constitute a complete security system.

　　A few days ago, CBN interviewed many experts in the industry on the hot issues of personal account reform of medical insurance that the public cares about. Experts generally believe that the medical insurance personal account has completed its historical mission for more than 20 years and its limitations are gradually becoming prominent. It is the general direction to gradually replace the personal account with outpatient mutual aid according to the principle of "rights replacement".

　　This is a reform that affects the whole body. In the long run, the insured will benefit from the reform, but in the short term, the interests of some people will be damaged. How to improve the supporting mechanism to make the insured more sense of acquisition is a key issue that must be paid attention to in the next step of reform.

　　CBN also learned from relevant departments that some targeted measures are being introduced one after another, for example, in order to facilitate patients to enjoy treatment nearby, support patients to settle accounts and dispense medicines in designated retail pharmacies with prescriptions, enjoy the same reimbursement treatment as those in medical institutions, and explore the inclusion of qualified "internet plus" medical services in the scope of protection to improve the convenience of enjoying treatment.

　　Q: At the beginning of this year, the reform of outpatient mutual aid was launched in many places. In some areas, retirees reported that the funds in personal accounts of medical insurance were reduced, which affected the daily cost of buying medicines. The reform of outpatient mutual aid is inclined to the elderly, but why do the elderly think that their interests are damaged?

　　Zhu Minglai (Director, Health Economy and Medical Security Research Center, Nankai University)The original intention of this reform is to hope that the sick and the elderly with poor health can have more benefits, rather than harming their interests.

　　It is believed that only a part of the elderly people have their interests damaged, which does not mean all the elderly people. Different groups of people have different demands. At present, people who feel that their interests are damaged are mainly elderly people who usually have minor illnesses. The funds in personal accounts can cover their daily expenses for buying medicines and seeing a doctor. If the funds in personal accounts decline, it will have an impact on their daily medical payment; However, for the elderly who suffer from chronic diseases, need to take medicine for a long time and go to the clinic for medical treatment, the funds in his personal account are not enough. According to the previous policy, after spending the funds in his personal account, the outpatient expenses have to be paid at his own expense. Therefore, for the elderly with higher outpatient expenses, the benefits will not be damaged, but a higher reimbursement level will be obtained.

　　It is also mentioned in the policy interpretation of "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Wuhan Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance Outpatient Mutual Aid Security" that the insured Zhou, a retired person, is 68 years old, with an annual pension income of 50,000 yuan. Before the reform, his personal account was transferred to 2,400 yuan every year. Suffering from cerebral infarction, I went to the outpatient department of a tertiary hospital for medical treatment. This year, I incurred a reimbursable expense of 7,150 yuan. If I reimbursed according to the outpatient co-ordination policy, excluding the threshold fee of 500 yuan, I can reimburse (7,150-500) yuan * 60% = 3,990 yuan according to the reimbursement ratio of 60% in tertiary hospitals. Although Zhou’s personal account was less than 1404 yuan after the reform, he enjoyed more than 2586 yuan.

　　twoQ: In April 2021, the State Council issued the guiding opinions on the reform of outpatient mutual aid, and the local authorities received many public opinions when formulating implementation rules and popularizing policies. For example, the Hunan Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau said that the public opinions received recently focused on reflecting that "the level of treatment after the reform has declined", especially for retired employees whose original personal accounts were included in the annual level of more than 2,900 yuan. In your opinion, what problems do retirees’ concerns about the reform of outpatient mutual aid reflect?

　　Lou Yu (Professor, School of Civil and Commercial Economics, China University of Political Science and Law, Director of Institute of Social Law)Since the basic medical insurance system for employees was fully implemented in China in 1997, personal account has been an important medical insurance system. Not only have many structural systems become path-dependent, but the reform of one of them will "affect the whole body", and in the short term, the reform will harm the interests of some people. How to make reasonable compensation for those who have lost interests is also a major event related to the success or failure of the reform.

　　The reform plan of outpatient mutual aid is to reduce the funds remitted by retired insured persons into their personal accounts every month, and the saved funds are used for outpatient serious illness co-ordination. This plan is in line with the development direction of medical insurance, and its original intention is very good, but it is very important to consider the details comprehensively in implementation, which may affect the insured persons’ acceptance of the reform and the effect of the reform. The first thing is that publicity must be in place. After all, personal accounts have existed for more than 20 years. Although the nature of their personal property has not been written into the law, it has formed a basic consensus in the whole society. Secondly, supporting measures must be kept up in time, such as increasing the allocation of common diseases drugs in primary medical institutions, making insured people run less, improving the convenience of the system and reducing personal burden.

　　threeQ: Some netizens said that "the personal account has been transferred less, ‘ Lose money ’ ",for individuals, medical costs will increase because of this reform?

　　Liao Zangyi (Associate Professor, School of Politics and Public Administration, China University of Political Science and Law)Generally speaking, for individuals, their medical costs will not increase because of this reform. Everyone should calculate both small accounts and big accounts. After the reform, the overall planning fund has been strengthened, and after illness, it can be reimbursed through the overall planning fund. Everyone helps each other and the protection will be more adequate. It is necessary to calculate both immediate accounts and long-term accounts. Everyone is old and sick sometimes. Although young and healthy people don’t see many doctors now, the economic risks brought by diseases exist for a long time. Everyone should also look at the difference between income mechanism and insurance mechanism rationally. Under the big framework of social medical insurance, the funds in personal accounts are "medical expenses", not salary income or welfare. When people are old and sick, it is always limited to rely on personal accounts and personal accumulation. All of them need solid and sustainable medical insurance to realize social mutual help and help to resolve the disease risk, and they will benefit from this reform in the long run.

　　Guangdong Medical Insurance Bureau mentioned a case in the Q&A on the reform of outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism, which showed that Hua Jie, a retired employee, paid more than 480 yuan for lung CT in November 2022, and paid for it in full. After the implementation of outpatient mutual aid in Guangzhou, Sister Hua recently went to the hospital for CT and found that she only had to pay more than 140 yuan for the same project, and the overall fund paid 70%.

　　According to the calculation of Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau, after the reform, the maximum payment limit of the on-the-job employee pooling fund is 1,500 yuan, and the maximum payment limit of the retirees pooling fund is 2,000 yuan. In 2021, the province’s annual per capita personal account fund income was 1,727 yuan/person, and the personal account fund expenditure was 1,438 yuan/person. At present, the payment limit determined by the general outpatient co-ordination policy, plus the amount transferred from the personal account, can basically meet the outpatient medical needs of the insured.

　　Four questions: China’s personal accounts have existed for more than 20 years. Why should we start the reform of outpatient security including personal accounts recently?

　　Lou Yu:The original intention of the medical insurance personal account system design is to hope that the insured can share the risk of outpatient expenses through long-term accumulation, that is, pay more to the personal account when they are young, but not when they are old, and the medical insurance account is used to pay for outpatient expenses. However, this original intention has not been well realized in practice: the insured people tend to be short-sighted, and a large amount of funds have accumulated in their personal accounts, which has caused high moral hazard, which not only doubled the pressure of supervision, but also limited funds in each insured person’s account, which can only be used to pay small outpatient expenses, and the high outpatient expenses cannot be paid, which is also inconsistent with the principle of "ensuring the big but not the small" in medical insurance, and unfair to insured patients who really need to rely on the medical insurance system to solve high expenses. Therefore, there are many criticisms about personal accounts in medical insurance practice, and all sectors of society are actively seeking reform plans for accounts.

　　Once any system is fixed, it will be very difficult to reform, because any reform is a redistribution of interests. It is easy to reform a specific system, but a comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation of the system and a systematic solution to the problem test the wisdom of the reformers. No matter from the medical insurance practice in China or the system implementation in other countries, it is difficult for a purely accumulated personal account to play the role of the law of large insurance numbers, and it is impossible to share the disease risk and help the funds in a larger scope. It has reached a social consensus that personal account funds should be used for the overall planning of high outpatient expenses, which should be the general direction of reform. However, this reform needs a systematic system design, and necessary supporting measures must be introduced in time to reduce the proportion of medical insurance account allocation.

　　Five questions: The reform of outpatient co-ordination is a systematic project, in which reducing the funds allocated by personal accounts should be the simplest to operate, but if the supporting policies can’t keep up, there may also be cases of damage to rights and interests. In your opinion, the outpatient mutual aid system should really protect the interests of the insured, which supporting reforms are indispensable?

　　Zhu Minglai:I think one of the important reasons why some retirees are concerned about the reduction of personal account funds is that some supporting policies have not kept up in time. The biggest supporting policy of outpatient mutual aid reform is medical care and medicine, such as the accessibility of medical services. Some elderly people have reported that things that could be solved by taking medicine and swiping cards at pharmacies are now going to the hospital. If he does not trust the first-and second-level hospitals, he may have to queue up for a long time at the third-level hospitals. And sometimes when you get to the hospital, the hospital may be short of medicine, and you have to go to the pharmacy to get medicine. This will add a lot of burden to the elderly in running errands.

　　This is also the direction to further improve the supporting policies. Specifically, efforts can be made in three aspects: First, support patients to settle accounts and dispense medicines in designated retail pharmacies with external prescriptions, enjoy the same reimbursement treatment as in medical institutions, and give full play to the convenience of designated retail pharmacies. The second is to explore the inclusion of qualified "internet plus" medical services in the scope of protection, so as to improve the convenience of enjoying treatment. The third is to explore and promote the circulation of electronic prescriptions to better solve the needs of drug purchase settlement.

　　Six questions: The level of economic development and welfare varies from place to place, so does the level of outpatient co-ordination. If the overall level of outpatient service in a region is relatively low, can it make up for the welfare loss caused by reducing the funds in personal accounts?

　　Liao Zangyi:Local governments will encounter some difficulties in establishing outpatient co-ordination. First, the medical insurance information system should keep up, and all designated pharmacies in the co-ordination area should be opened to ensure that patients can enjoy real-time settlement without manual reimbursement. Secondly, medical insurance supervision and intelligent audit should keep up. After the outpatient service is improved, many people will definitely try their best to gain benefits by reselling drugs, which puts forward higher requirements for the refined management and intelligent monitoring of medical insurance.

　　For the welfare loss that may be caused by the low level of overall planning, we can start from three aspects. First, after the implementation of the outpatient mutual aid system, the deductible line for outpatient reimbursement should be appropriately reduced, and the proportion of reimbursement can be appropriately increased. This needs to be dynamically adjusted by the medical insurance department through actuarial science to effectively enhance the people’s sense of gain; Second, the coverage of outpatient mutual aid should be improved, from the existing two diseases, renal dialysis, outpatient radiotherapy and chemotherapy, etc., and gradually expanded to most diseases can enjoy reimbursement treatment to reflect fairness; Third, we can refer to the guarantee policy of hospitalization treatment. If the insured person’s annual outpatient expenses exceed a certain proportion, it can be classified as large medical expenses, and should be guaranteed twice or matched with the corresponding bottom-up mechanism.

　　Seven questions: Many retirees are used to going to designated retail pharmacies to buy medicines. After implementing outpatient mutual aid, what support measures are there for designated retail pharmacies?

　　Zhu Minglai:The reform puts forward that the drug guarantee service of qualified designated retail pharmacies should be included in the scope of outpatient service, and the payment of the overall fund should be extended to qualified designated medical insurance pharmacies, with the purpose of facilitating patients to submit reimbursement nearby and reducing the cost burden. Insured patients can only use personal accounts to pay for drugs purchased at designated retail pharmacies. After the reform, they can use personal accounts or enjoy reimbursement from the overall fund with external prescriptions. According to the relevant data, since the implementation of the reform, the scale of personal accounts used in designated retail pharmacies has increased, which also shows that pharmacies have benefited from the reform measures such as personal accounts helping families and expanding the scope of personal accounts.

　　However, we can’t ignore the violation of laws and regulations in the operation of designated retail pharmacies. For example, it is very common for some city pharmacies to use medical insurance funds to pay for health care products and daily necessities. We must strengthen supervision over this kind of misappropriation and application of medical insurance funds.

　　Eight questions: after the implementation of outpatient mutual aid, will it increase the number of hospital outpatients and labor costs?

　　Liao Zangyi:In the short term, it may increase the number of outpatients in hospitals, such as many minor illnesses such as colds and coughs. Before the reform, many patients will carry on and recover by their own immunity, which can save money after all. After the reform, considering that medical insurance can be reimbursed, some people will have the mentality of "not spending money and not spending money", and there is indeed a risk of increasing the number of hospital outpatients and labor costs in the short term, but with the passage of time, after the market gradually returns to rationality, this phenomenon will gradually fall back to the state before the reform.

　　Question 9: What is the nature of the funds in the medical insurance personal account?

　　Lou Yu:According to the Decision on Establishing the Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Workers promulgated by the State Council in 1998, the combination of social pooling and individual accounts is the basic principle of basic medical insurance for employees. The principal and interest of individual accounts are owned by individuals and can be carried forward and inherited. This is the basis for the general public to believe that the legal nature of personal accounts is personal property. However, this decision has a low legal rank, and it is not an administrative regulation with external legal effect. It is only a normative document for building a medical insurance system within the administrative organs of people’s society, and it has only guiding significance for the provisions on the nature of individual accounts. The Social Insurance Law promulgated in 2010 didn’t stipulate the unified account as the financing principle of basic medical insurance, and didn’t stipulate the legal nature of individual account, which is considered that legislators don’t recognize the financing rules and payment methods of individual account, leaving enough room for future reform.

　　Question 10: The Social Insurance Law promulgated in 2010 did not mention the personal account of medical insurance. Does it mean that the general direction of future reform is to replace the personal account with the outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism?

　　Liao Zangyi:The general direction of future reform can consider gradually reducing personal accounts until they are cancelled. On the one hand, gradually reduce or stop the proportion of unit contributions to individual accounts; On the other hand, gradually abolish the regulation that individual contributions are transferred to individual accounts, and include individual contributions in the overall fund, such as establishing outpatient mutual aid system. Although there may be great resistance in actual operation, in fact, some areas have already tried this method and achieved good results.

　　Solidify the spiritual power of national rejuvenation

　　Qiushi magazine editorial department

　　The power of the spirit is infinite.

　　"The reason why our party has been flourishing and suffering for a hundred years is because of such a strong spirit of revolution and desperation." Looking back on the great journey, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-old history is not only a magnificent history of struggle and entrepreneurship, but also a history of the construction and inheritance of great spirit. In the 100 years of continuous struggle, our party took the great spirit of party building as the source, forged a series of great spirits, and built the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. These great spirits come down in one continuous line and are passed down from generation to generation. They are deeply integrated into the blood of our party, country, nation and people, and provide a powerful spiritual impetus for realizing national independence, people’s liberation, country’s prosperity and people’s happiness, and for realizing the Chinese nation to stand up, get rich and strengthen.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has attached great importance to the strength of spirit, repeatedly emphasized the importance of the great spirit of the Party, made an incisive summary and exposition of the great spirit of party building and the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and put forward clear requirements for inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the Party. The General Secretary emphasized that "the transformation from substance to spirit and from spirit to substance is a dialectical viewpoint", "People cannot stand without spirit, and the country is not strong without spirit", "The great spirit and glorious tradition of the Party are our precious spiritual wealth and a powerful spiritual driving force to encourage us to forge ahead courageously", and "all comrades in the Party should nourish themselves and motivate themselves with the great spirit formed in the century-long struggle, and do a good job in the work of the Party and the country with a high spirit". The great spirit of the Party will always be the precious spiritual wealth of the Party and the country. This important article is an excerpt from the speeches, instructions and letters of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader from March 2013 to July 2021. It is ambitious, broad-minded, rich in connotation and full of affection, and reflects the important exposition of the General Secretary on inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the Party. It is highly political, ideological, instructive and realistic.

　　— — Regarding the great spirit of party building, the General Secretary scientifically summarized its basic connotation, emphasizing that "this is the source of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s spirit" and "we should continue to carry forward the glorious tradition and carry forward the red blood, and forever inherit and carry forward the great spirit of party building";

　　— — With regard to the great spirit of the Party during the new-democratic revolution, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as Jinggangshan spirit, Long March spirit, Yan ‘an spirit and Anti-Japanese War spirit, emphasizing that these great revolutionary spirits are "inexhaustible spiritual motivation to sharpen our Do not forget your initiative mind and keep our mission in mind";

　　— — With regard to the great spirit of the Party during the socialist revolution and construction, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as the spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, the spirit of Lei Feng, the spirit of Jiao Yulu and the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite", stressing that these great spirits were, are and will remain the precious spiritual wealth of our Party.

　　— — Regarding the great spirit of the Party during the period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as the spirit of the special zone, the spirit of fighting floods, the spirit of manned space flight, and the spirit of earthquake relief, emphasizing that "reform and innovation are always the spiritual force that urges us to keep pace with the times in reform and opening up";

　　On the evening of June 28th, 2021, the great journey, a literary performance celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), was held in the National Stadium. Dawn, a drama and dance, shows that the Chinese nation has suffered a lot since modern times, and countless people with lofty ideals have gone on and on in search of the truth of saving the country and the people. Until the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921, the China revolution took on a new look. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei/photo

　　— — With regard to the great spirit of the Party in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as Saihanba spirit, lunar exploration spirit, anti-epidemic spirit, and the spirit of tackling poverty, and stressed the need to vigorously carry forward these great spirits in the new era and "continuously win new and greater victories in adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics".

　　Great cause breeds great spirit, and great spirit leads great cause. At the new historical starting point of building a well-off society in an all-round way, a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way has begun, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to stride towards the goal of the second century. Looking back on the past course and looking forward to the journey ahead, it is of great significance for us to thoroughly study and understand the important article "The great spirit of the Party is always the precious spiritual wealth of the party and the country" by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and to learn and understand the important exposition of the General Secretary on inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the Party. It is of great significance for us to deeply grasp the core essence and practical requirements of the great spirit of the Party, summon up the spirit to March into a new journey and forge ahead into a new era, and hand over more excellent answers on the new road of catching up for exams.

　　The spiritual source of the century-old party

　　A hundred years of vicissitudes of life have changed dramatically, just in the prime of life.

　　How can a political party with just over 50 members in party member develop into the world’s largest ruling party with more than 95 million party member, a country with a population of over 1.4 billion, and significant global influence? Why lead the Chinese nation to flourish and move towards great rejuvenation at an unstoppable pace?

　　To understand why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can, we must understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great spirit; To understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great spirit, we must understand the source of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s spirit.

　　At the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward and profoundly explained the great party-building spirit for the first time: "One hundred years ago, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s pioneers founded the Communist Party of China (CPC), forming the great party-building spirit of adhering to the truth, adhering to ideals, practicing the initial heart, taking on the mission, not being afraid of sacrifice, bravely fighting, being loyal to the party and living up to the people, which is the source of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s spirit."

　　The incisive summary of 32 words condenses the essence of a hundred years, reveals the true meaning of history, and profoundly expounds the spiritual code of why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can:

　　— — "Insist on truth and ideals". As the vanguard of the working class in China, the people of China and the Chinese nation, it is always fundamental for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to firmly believe in the scientific truth of Marxism and adhere to the ideals and beliefs of communism and socialism. These eight words profoundly reveal the unique advantages of our party’s advanced ideological theory and firm ideals and beliefs.

　　— — "practice the initial heart and take on the mission." It is the initial intention and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. These eight words profoundly reveal our party’s consistent historical responsibility and the fundamental purpose of a century-long struggle.

　　— — "Not afraid of sacrifice and heroic struggle". It is the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s clank oath and conscious action to put personal interests and life and death aside, to be fearless of strong enemies, risks, struggles and victories, and to be ready to sacrifice everything for the party and the people at any time. These eight words profoundly reveal our party’s incomparably strong revolutionary will and invincible power.

　　— — "Loyal to the Party and not responsible to the people". Being loyal to the Party, never betraying the Party, persisting in taking the people as the center and putting the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people first are the unswerving political qualities of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. These eight words profoundly reveal the noble character of our party in building the party for the public and governing for the people and the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly.

　　The great party-building spirit is rich in connotation and profound in meaning, which profoundly reveals the spiritual characteristics of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, clearly marks the spiritual coordinates of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and fundamentally answers the important questions of what kind of party to build and how to become a qualified communist party member. This great spirit fully embodies the nature and purpose of the advanced Marxist political party, reflects the main theme and mainstream essence of the century-old party history, is the inheritance, development and sublimation of the great spirit of the Chinese nation by our party, and is the most precious spiritual wealth of the party and the country.

　　"Ask the canal that clear? Because there is a source of living water. " As the source, root and soul of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s spiritual pedigree, the great party-building spirit runs through the party’s century-old history like a red line, guiding the way forward, rallying the struggle force, and lighting the shining spiritual torches on the great journey, which provides strong spiritual support for the party and the people to cope with various challenges, resist various risks, overcome various obstacles and solve various contradictions in different periods. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out in this important article: "In the past 100 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has carried forward the great spirit of party building, built the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the long-term struggle, and forged a distinctive political character."

　　Jinggangshan Spirit, Soviet Area Spirit, Long March Spirit, Zunyi Meeting Spirit, Yan ‘an Spirit, Anti-Japanese War Spirit, Taihang Spirit, Luliang Spirit, Hongyan Spirit, Yimeng Spirit, Xibaipo Spirit, Anti-US Aid Korea Spirit, Great Northern Wilderness Spirit, Westward Movement Spirit, Hongqi Canal Spirit, Daqing Spirit, Iron Man Spirit, Lei Feng Spirit, Jiao Yulu Spirit, Wang Jie Spirit, "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Spirit, and "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Spirit. … These great spirits are dazzling and colorful, with their own different connotations, characteristics and performances, but they are in the same strain, interlinked and integrated in essence. Tracing back to the source, these spirits are concrete manifestations of the great party-building spirit in different periods, different regions, different fields and different groups of people. They embody the basic connotation and common characteristics of the great party-building spirit from different aspects, embody the party’s firm belief, fundamental purpose and fine style, and condense the great character of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s hard work, sacrifice and dedication, pioneering and enterprising, which has provided rich nourishment for the great cause of building, rejuvenating and strengthening the party.

　　Fight bloody battles and persevere

　　In the arduous revolutionary years, countless revolutionary martyrs shed their heads, shed their blood, fought bloody battles and persevered, wrote magnificent poems, and cast a great revolutionary spirit that will shine for generations to come.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has paid a visit to the revolutionary holy land, the red former site and the revolutionary historical memorial site which are of great historical significance to our party. The general secretary said with deep affection: "Every time I go to a place, I relive those eventful years and review the difficult course that the party has gone through all the way. My soul has been shocked and my spirit has been baptized. Every time I go with reverence and come back with many feelings. " In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader narrated a series of great spirits formed by our party during the period of the new-democratic revolution, profoundly expounded its connotation and essence, and repeatedly stressed the need to inherit and carry forward the red spirit in combination with the new conditions of the times.

　　— — Jinggangshan Spirit: "Created the great revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China (CPC)".

　　Jinggangshan is "the cradle of China revolution". In the stormy years of blood shed, at the critical juncture of China revolution, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, combined the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China revolution, led troops to Jinggangshan successively, ignited the spark of China revolution, created the first rural revolutionary base area, opened up the revolutionary road of "rural encircling cities and seizing political power by armed forces", and started the glorious journey of China revolution to victory. The glorious struggle practice in Jinggangshan vividly explains "why China’s red regime can exist". Its Jinggangshan road and Jinggangshan spirit have guided the China revolution to success step by step and accumulated valuable spiritual wealth for our party.

　　Jinggangshan spirit is rich in connotation and profound. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Jinggangshan three times and put forward clear requirements for carrying forward Jinggangshan spirit on many occasions. In this important article, the general secretary pointed out that "the most precious wealth left to us during the Jinggangshan period is the Jinggangshan spirit that spans time and space. The most important aspect of Jinggangshan spirit is to strengthen faith, work hard, seek truth from facts, dare to break new paths, rely on the masses and be brave in victory. " In the new era, the most important thing to carry forward the Jinggangshan spirit is to pursue the ideal firmly and persistently, seek truth from facts and dare to break new paths, work hard to overcome difficulties and rely on the masses to win.

　　— — Spirit of Soviet Area: "The concentrated expression of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political nature and spiritual characteristics".

　　In the creation and development of revolutionary base areas, in the practice of establishing red political power and exploring revolutionary roads, countless revolutionary ancestors used their blood and lives to create the spirit of the Soviet area with the main connotation of "firm belief, seeking truth and being pragmatic, serving the people wholeheartedly, being honest and honest, working hard, striving for first-class and selfless dedication". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "This spirit not only contains the commonness of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s revolutionary spirit, but also shows the characteristics and individuality of the Soviet period. It is a concentrated expression of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political qualities and spiritual characteristics, a new sublimation of the Chinese national spirit, and an important source of the socialist core value system that we are building today." In this important article, the General Secretary further pointed out that "Jinggangshan spirit and Soviet spirit bear the initial heart and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and cast the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great revolutionary spirit. These great revolutionary spirits, which span time and space and never go out of date, are inexhaustible spiritual motivation to sharpen our Do not forget your initiative mind and keep our mission in mind. "

　　— — Long March Spirit: "The highest embodiment of the national spirit with patriotism as the core".

　　The Long March, an earth-shattering revolutionary feat, is a magnificent epic written by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Red Army and a towering monument in the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It not only realized the great turning point of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China’s revolutionary cause from frustration to victory, but also opened a new great March for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to achieve national independence and people’s liberation. More importantly, with extraordinary wisdom and fearless heroism, it overcame all difficulties and made great sacrifices to win, which shocked the world and made it shine in history, leaving us with precious spiritual wealth — — Great Long March spirit.

　　长征这一人类历史上的伟大壮举，留给我们最可宝贵的精神财富，就是伟大长征精神。2021年6月28日晚，庆祝中国共产党成立100周年文艺演出《伟大征程》在国家体育场盛大举行。这是戏剧与舞蹈《长征》。 新华社记者 陈晔华/摄

　　“伟大长征精神，就是把全国人民和中华民族的根本利益看得高于一切，坚定革命的理想和信念，坚信正义事业必然胜利的精神；就是为了救国救民，不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的精神；就是坚持独立自主、实事求是，一切从实际出发的精神；就是顾全大局、严守纪律、紧密团结的精神；就是紧紧依靠人民群众，同人民群众生死相依、患难与共、艰苦奋斗的精神。”在纪念红军长征胜利80周年大会上，最高领袖总书记对伟大长征精神作出精辟概括，强调伟大长征精神是中国共产党人及其领导的人民军队革命风范的生动反映，是中华民族自强不息的民族品格的集中展示，是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神的最高体现。每一代人有每一代人的长征路，每一代人都要走好自己的长征路。总书记要求全党“大力弘扬伟大长征精神，在新的长征路上继续奋勇前进”。

　　After the victory of the Long March, the marked army bravely marched to the west and fought bravely in Qilian, and built a spiritual monument with its life. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the heroic spirit of the marked army, which is not afraid of difficulties and dangers, and fought bloody battles, is in the same strain as the spirit of the Long March", and stressed the need to "tell the story of the marked army well and pass on the red gene well".

　　— — The spirit of Zunyi Conference: "Insist on the truth and correct mistakes".

　　Zunyi meeting is a turning point in the history of our party. The meeting was held at the historical juncture when the Red Army failed in its fifth anti-encirclement campaign and suffered serious setbacks in the early days of the Long March. It established the leading position of Comrade Mao Zedong in the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army, and began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative in the CPC Central Committee. It began to form the first generation of central leading collective of the party with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core, which opened a new stage for our party to independently solve the practical problems of the China revolution, saving the party, the Red Army and the China revolution at the most critical juncture, with great history.

　　"We must make good use of the historical experience of the Zunyi Conference and let the spirit of the Zunyi Conference shine forever." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has talked about the Zunyi Meeting many times on different occasions, stressing that the Zunyi Meeting "left valuable experience and important enlightenment in integrating the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, adhering to the road of independence, strengthening the correct political line, policies and strategies, and building a strong and mature central leadership collective". "The distinctive features of the Zunyi Meeting are to uphold the truth, correct mistakes, establish the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and creatively formulate and implement strategic strategies in line with the characteristics of the China Revolution. This is still of great significance today. " On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, the General Secretary asked the whole Party to study and educate in the light of the history of the Party, draw positive and negative historical experiences from the history of the Party, unswervingly keep up with the CPC Central Committee, constantly improve political judgment, political understanding and political execution, and earnestly enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards".

　　— — Yan ‘an Spirit: "the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have been cultivated from generation to generation".

　　Yan ‘an is the holy land of China’s revolution. The CPC Central Committee has been in Yan ‘an for 13 years and formed the great Yan ‘an spirit. Yan ‘an Spirit is the essence and crystallization of the ideals and beliefs, spiritual outlook, ideology and morality, and work and life style of the outstanding elements of the Chinese nation with the Communist Party of China (CPC) as the core, during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, in the unremitting struggle for national independence and people’s liberation, and under extremely difficult circumstances. Its main contents are firm and correct political orientation, the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader "has a personal feeling" about Yan ‘an spirit, and "every time I visited Yan ‘an in that year, my heart was full of reverence and excitement". In this important article, the General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "Yan ‘an spirit has nurtured generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and is a valuable spiritual wealth of our party. We should persistently use Yan ‘an spirit to educate party member and cadres, so as to nourish the initial heart, refine the soul, draw strength from faith, find out the gap of party spirit and calibrate the direction of progress. ".

　　— — Anti-Japanese War Spirit: "China people’s precious spiritual wealth".

　　After the September 18th Incident, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the Northeast Anti-Union Movement to stand up in Baishan and Heishui, which became the starting point of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China, and opened the prelude to the world anti-fascist war. In the magnificent process of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a great anti-Japanese war spirit with the main connotation of "patriotic feelings that every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world, national integrity that he would rather die than surrender, heroic spirit that he is not afraid of violence and bloody battles, and indomitable and persevering belief in winning" has been formed.

　　Although more than 70 years have passed since the victory of China people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the great anti-Japanese war spirit should remain in the hearts of every Chinese. On September 3, 2020, at the symposium to commemorate the 75th anniversary of China people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the world anti-fascist war, the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "the great spirit of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a precious spiritual wealth of the people of Chinese, which will always inspire the people of China to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation".

　　— — Hongyan spirit: "Perseverance, rather die than surrender".

　　"You, Haiyan in the storm, greet the darkness before dawn. Fly! Fight! Always face the east and always face the party! " This is the praise of Jiang Jie’s friends in the book Red Rock.

　　After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered the stalemate stage, in order to strengthen the Party’s leadership over the work in the Kuomintang-ruled areas, since 1939, Comrade Zhou Enlai led the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to launch a struggle against the enemy in a place called "Hongyan Mouth" in Chongqing. In the extremely sinister political environment, they are good at adversity, brave in sacrifice and carry out their work effectively. In the late period of the Liberation War, the underground party organizations in Chongqing were destroyed, and most of the arrested Communist party member and revolutionaries were held in Zhazidong and Baigongguan prisons. Revolutionary heroes represented by Jiang Zhujun, Wang Pu, Chen Ran, etc. withstood all kinds of torture with rock-solid ideals and beliefs and heroic spirit of justice, and sacrificed their precious lives for the cause of people’s liberation in China. They wrote the Hongyan spirit that shines in history with their heroic life. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader mentioned the Hongyan spirit many times and encouraged the cadres in party member to "strengthen their ideals and beliefs and cultivate integrity".

　　— — Yimeng spirit: "Harmony of water and milk, life and death together".

　　During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the people of Yimeng "used the last rations as rations, the last piece of cloth as uniforms, and the last son sent to the battlefield". With a population of 4.2 million, more than 1.2 million people supported the army, more than 200,000 people joined the army and more than 100,000 people died heroically, and a large number of vanguard and exemplary figures such as six sisters, mother and red sister-in-law of Yimeng emerged, forming the spirit of Yimeng. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "Yimeng spirit, like Yan ‘an spirit, Jinggangshan spirit and Xibaipo spirit, is a valuable spiritual wealth of the party and the country, which should be continuously carried forward in combination with the new conditions of the times".

　　— — Xibaipo Spirit: Keep in mind "Two Musts".

　　From May 1948 to March 1949, the CPC Central Committee worked in Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, which became the "last rural command post" for the CPC Central Committee to liberate China. At the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the important thought of "Two Musts" and warned the whole party: "We must make comrades continue to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, arrogance and rashness, and we must make comrades continue to maintain the style of hard struggle." Xibaipo witnessed that "New China is coming from here", and the Xibaipo spirit with "Two Musts" as the core has become a valuable spiritual wealth of the party and the country.

　　On July 11th, 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Xibaipo, the revolutionary holy land, to visit Xibaipo Memorial Hall and the former site of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee. The general secretary profoundly pointed out that the "two musts" contains profound reference to the law of chaos control in China’s thousands of years of history, a profound summary of our party’s arduous struggle, deep worries about the victorious political party’s eternal advancement and purity, and the long-term stability of the people’s regime that is about to be born, and a profound understanding of our party’s fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly; Call on all party comrades to constantly study and understand the profound thinking and strategic considerations of the "two musts", always be modest and prudent and work hard, so that our party will never deteriorate and our red country will never change color.

　　Self-reliance, anger and strength

　　This is an era of hard work and burning passion, and it is also an era of heroes and high spirits. After the founding of New China, our party United and led the people, devoted itself to the steaming socialist construction that has never been seen in the history of China, strived selflessly and worked hard to defend and build the motherland, and painted the latest and most beautiful pictures.

　　In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader tells a series of great spirits formed by our party during the socialist revolution and construction, and eulogizes the heroic and tenacious revolutionary heroism of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and their lofty aspirations of "daring to teach the sun and the moon to change into a new sky".

　　— — The spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea: with "less steel and more gas", we can overcome "more steel and less gas".

　　On October 19th, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the theme exhibition commemorating the 70th anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s war to resist US aggression and aid Korea. In the exhibition hall, on the one hand, there are excellent American ordnance and leather boots gloves, and on the other hand, there are simple equipment and thin clothes of the volunteers. The general secretary stopped for a long time and was filled with emotion: "What a miracle! They are ‘ More steel and less gas ’ , we are ‘ Less steel and more gas ’ 。”

　　"In the magnificent War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the heroic Chinese people’s Volunteer Army always carried forward the patriotic spirit of putting the interests of the motherland and the people above everything else, striving for the dignity of the motherland and the nation, the revolutionary heroism spirit of being brave and tenacious, the revolutionary optimism spirit of not fearing hardships and always maintaining high morale, the revolutionary loyalty spirit of generously dedicating everything to the mission entrusted by the motherland and the people, and the internationalism spirit of fighting for the cause of peace and justice of mankind, and forged the great spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea." In this important article, the General Secretary made a profound explanation of the spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, emphasizing that this spirit "spans time and space and lasts forever, and must be passed down and carried forward from generation to generation". To carry forward the great spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea in the new era, it is necessary to sharpen the national character of not being afraid of violence and resisting power, gather the national strength of one heart and one mind, forge the national blood of giving up one’s life and forgetting one’s death, inspire the national wisdom of being upright, innovative and brave, and continue to March bravely towards the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　— — The spirit of moving west: "Make contributions to the places where the motherland needs it most".

　　In 1950s, a group of universities, factories and research institutes, represented by Jiaotong University, resolutely supported and implemented the CPC Central Committee’s decision to move westward. Thousands of people "packed their backpacks and set off" and embarked on the journey of moving westward without hesitation, from Huangpu River to Weishui River thousands of miles away. Since then, they have taken root in the yellow land and struggled to form the spirit of moving westward. In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "‘ The spirit of westward migration ’ The core of patriotism is patriotism, and the essence is to listen to the party’s command and follow the party, breathe with the party and the country, and share the destiny with the nation and the people, which has profound practical and historical significance. "

　　— — Hongqi Canal Spirit: "The people of Linxian County are ambitious and vowed to rearrange the mountains and rivers".

　　Linxian County, Henan Province (now Linzhou City) is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. In history, there have been nine droughts in ten years, and water is as expensive as oil. Under the leadership of the county party Committee, the people of Linxian county worked hard for 10 spring and autumn periods, digging holes and bridging ditches on the mountainous Taihang Mountain, and built the "artificial Tianhe" Red Flag Canal with a total length of more than 1,500 kilometers, forging the spirit of the Red Flag Canal. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader commented that the spirit of Hongqiqu "is a precious spiritual wealth of our party" and "is a concentrated expression of the nature and purpose of our party, which will last forever and will never be out of date".

　　— — Daqing spirit and Iron Man spirit: "When oil workers roar, the earth will shake three times."

　　In order to get rid of China’s "oil-poor" hat as soon as possible, Daqing petroleum people, represented by "Iron Man" Wang Jinxi, with the lofty sentiments of "I would rather live less than 20 years and try my best to win the big oil field" and the determination of "I want to go there if I have the conditions, but I want to go there if I don’t have the conditions to create it", built China’s largest oil base on the everlasting wasteland in more than three years, creating a "patriotism, entrepreneurship and pioneering spirit". In this important article, the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "the outstanding contribution of Daqing Oilfield has been engraved on the historical monument of the great motherland, and the spirit of Daqing and Iron Man has become an important part of the great spirit of the Chinese nation".

　　— — Lei Feng spirit: "vivid embodiment of socialist core values".

　　Lei Feng, a soldier of the People’s Liberation Army, is willing to be a screw in his ordinary job, brave in dedication and ready to help others, showing lofty communist sentiments. In August 1962, he died in the line of duty at the age of 22. The spirit of Lei Feng has become a symbol of social fashion in new China.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that "Lei Feng spirit is eternal" and "Lei Feng spirit can be learned by everyone", and it is necessary to "make learning from Lei Feng spirit become a common practice in the motherland". In this important article, the General Secretary clearly pointed out, "We should learn from Lei Feng’s spirit as well as his practices, turn lofty ideals and beliefs and the pursuit of moral quality into concrete actions, embody them in ordinary work and life, make our due contributions, and pass on the spirit of Lei Feng from generation to generation."

　　— — Jiao Yulu’s spirit: "Life is also a dune, and death is also a dune. Fathers and elders live and die.".

　　Jiao Yulu, secretary of the county party committee of Lankao, Henan Province, dragged his body with chronic liver disease to change the poverty and backwardness of the local area, and led the people of the county to seal sand, control water and improve land. In May 1964, Jiao Yulu died at the age of 42. At the last moment of his life, his only request was "please transport me back to Lankao and bury me in the sand. I didn’t cure the sand dunes alive, but I will watch you cure the sand dunes when I die!"

　　On September 18, 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission decided to commend 23 scientific and technological experts who made outstanding contributions to the development of "two bombs and one satellite" that year, and awarded them to Yu Min, Wang Daheng, Wang Xiji, Zhu Guangya, Sun Jiadong, Ren Xinmin, Wu Ziliang, Chen Fangyun, Chen Nengkuan, Yang Jiayuan, Zhou Guangzhao, Qian Xuesen and Tu Shouyun. Xinhua news agency

　　"Life is also a sand dune, and death is also a sand dune, and the life and death system of the elders is … … Being an official, benefiting one party, and flattening business. " A poem "Nian Nujiao Remembers Jiao Yulu" expresses the supreme leader’s sincere reverence for Jiao Yulu. The General Secretary said with deep affection, "For decades, the deeds of Comrade Jiao Yulu have been in my mind, and the image of Comrade Jiao Yulu has been in my heart", praising Jiao Yulu as "a good public servant of the people, an example for the county party secretary and the whole party". In this important article, the General Secretary pointed out that "the Jiao Yulu spirit of being close to the people and loving the people, working hard, being scientific and realistic, facing difficulties and making selfless contributions was, is and will remain the precious spiritual wealth of our party, and will never be out of date". To learn and carry forward the spirit of Jiao Yulu, we should learn from Comrade Jiao Yulu’s public servant feelings of "all the people are in his heart but not himself", the realistic style of "eating steamed buns chewed by others is tasteless", the struggle spirit of "daring to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky" and "revolutionaries should be brave in the face of difficulties", and the moral sentiments of being hard-working, simple, honest and dedicated to public service and "never engaging in specialization".

　　— — Wang Jie spirit: "One is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death".

　　"For the sake of the party, I am not afraid to go into the flames; For the sake of the party, even if I am shattered, I am willing. "This is the diary written by Wang Jie, the squad leader of an armored corps. In July, 1965, when Wang Jie was organizing militia training, he was caught in an accidental explosion of explosives. At a critical juncture, he threw himself at the explosive charge, protecting the safety of 12 militiamen and people’s armed cadres present, but his life was fixed at the age of 23. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death, which is a vivid portrayal of blood and courage, and should be the motto of revolutionary soldiers", emphasizing that "we should learn to practice Wang Jie spirit and let Wang Jie spirit shine in a new era".

　　The establishment of special economic zones is a great pioneering work carried out by the party and the state to promote reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The picture shows the statue of "Pioneer Cow" on Shennan Avenue in Shenzhen (photo taken on October 12, 2020). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xu/photo

　　— — The spirit of "two bombs and one satellite": "Do earth-shattering things and be an anonymous person".

　　On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully; On October 27, 1966, China’s first surface-to-surface missile with a nuclear warhead exploded successfully; On June 17, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb air explosion test was successful; On April 24th, 1970, China’s first artificial satellite was successfully launched … … In the process of developing "two bombs and one satellite", a large number of scientists, such as Qian Xuesen, Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian, have closely linked their personal ideals with the destiny of the motherland and their personal aspirations with the rejuvenation of the nation. They are willing to be unsung heroes and sprinkle their youth and blood on the Gobi Desert, and will also "love the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard struggle, great cooperation and courage to climb". In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader encouraged space workers in the new era to "vigorously carry forward ‘ Two bombs and one satellite ’ Spirit, dare to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, dare to climb the peak of space science and technology, make Chinese’s pace of exploring space more stable and farther, and realize the great dream of building a space power at an early date. "

　　Emancipate the mind and forge ahead

　　In the mighty wave of reform and opening-up, our party united and led the people to break the shackles of ideas, sweep away barriers that hinder development, and overcome challenges from all sides, which made China earth-shaking in the "moment of history" and made great strides to catch up with the times, and also nurtured and created a series of great spirits in the process.

　　"Fight our way out", "The flood is merciless", "The starry sky is vast and endless" … … In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led us to review a series of great spirits formed by the Party during the period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and profoundly expounded its connotation, essence and practical requirements.

　　— — Spirit of the SAR: "Fight our way out".

　　From Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen in 1980 to Hainan in 1988, special economic zones were established one after another, and the spring tide of reform surged across the land of China. Generations of SEZ builders have worked hard to build a prosperous modern city from backward border towns and wasteland fishing villages. In the great process of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, they have written a magnificent chapter of standing on the forefront and pioneering, and created the spirit of the SEZ of "daring to try, being the first, and working hard".

　　In leading the new era to deepen reform and opening up in an all-round way, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed the need to carry forward the spirit of the SAR, encourage cadres and the masses to be pioneers in the new era, keep the spirit of "pioneering", "creative" and "dry" style, and strive to write more "spring stories" and create new and greater miracles that will impress the world. In this important article, the General Secretary explicitly asked the special economic zones to "always stand at the forefront of reform and opening up, try first and explore boldly in all aspects of institutional mechanism reform, and provide more replicable and scalable experiences for the whole country".

　　— — The spirit of fighting floods: "The flood is merciless and people have feelings".

　　In the summer of 1998, an unprecedented catastrophic flood ravaged most of China. At the critical moment, the party and state leaders came to the front line to direct the flood fighting. More than 300,000 officers and men of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force fought with the flood. The people in the disaster-stricken areas gave up their small families to protect everyone and the small ones to take care of the overall situation. The people of the whole country strongly supported the front-line military and civilians, won the all-round victory in the flood fighting and rescue struggle, and forged the great flood fighting spirit of "United as one, United as one, not afraid of difficulties, tenacious struggle, perseverance and daring to win".

　　On February 20, 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the mobilization meeting of Party history study and education that we should further carry forward a series of great spirits, including "the spirit of fighting floods". This summer, many parts of the country continued to experience extremely heavy rainfall, and the flood control situation was very severe. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the cadres and the masses in the disaster-stricken areas are United as one, and the people of the whole country watch and help each other, writing a new chapter in the great spirit of fighting floods.

　　— — Manned space spirit: "The starry sky is vast, and the exploration is endless".

　　In 2003, the "Shenzhou 5" spacecraft achieved manned space flight for the first time, and the Chinese dream of flying for a thousand years became a reality! Since the manned spaceflight project was officially implemented in 1992, China astronauts have repeatedly attacked scientific problems and challenged physiological limits. They have successfully sent manned spacecraft condensed with national spirit and dreams into space again and again, which has promoted China’s manned spaceflight cause from scratch, from weak to strong, and has also engraved in the vast universe the manned spaceflight spirit of "especially being able to endure hardship, fight, tackle key problems and contribute".

　　In this important article, the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out that the spirit of manned space flight "has added a powerful spiritual force to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics". On April 29, 2021, the space station of China and the core module were launched, which marked that the construction of China’s space station entered the stage of full implementation. In his congratulatory message, the General Secretary once again sent a message to the astronauts to vigorously carry forward the spirit of manned space flight, "self-reliance, innovation and transcendence, win a comprehensive victory in the task of building a space station, and make new and greater contributions to building a socialist modern country in an all-round way."

　　— — The spirit of earthquake relief: "The earth shakes the mountains and cannot disperse the Chinese soul".

　　At 14: 28 on May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake that shocked the world occurred in China. The unexpected disaster destroyed the homeland, but it could not destroy the spirit of Chinese. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China quickly organized earthquake relief activities with the fastest rescue speed, the widest mobilization scope and the largest investment in history. Life-and-death rescue of the magnificent mountains and rivers and unprecedented support from all directions have written heroic songs with a sense of the earth and the earth on the ruins of the earthquake, fully demonstrating the great spirit of earthquake relief, which is "United as one, United as one, fearless, indomitable, people-oriented and respectful of science".

　　Shortly after the Wenchuan earthquake, the Supreme Leader braved the aftershocks and came to Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, the epicenter to inspect the earthquake relief situation. Ten years later, on February 12, 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special trip to come here again during his investigation and investigation in Sichuan to present flower baskets to the compatriots killed in the Wenchuan earthquake and the heroes who died in the earthquake relief, and vowed to protect the earthquake site and make it an important patriotic education base. The general secretary has repeatedly stressed that "fighting against natural disasters is an eternal topic for human survival and development" and "vigorously carry forward the great spirit of earthquake relief".

　　Self-confidence, self-improvement, integrity and innovation

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and under the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the Chinese nation has made an unstoppable step towards great rejuvenation, and in this process, it has inherited, carried forward and forged a series of great spirits.

　　In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the connotations of the spirit of model workers, labor, artisans, Saihanba, scientists, exploring the moon, fighting against epidemic diseases and tackling poverty, and deeply eulogized the noble qualities and lofty spirits of the winners of the July 1st Medal, such as "firm faith, practical purpose, hard work and dedication, honesty and dedication", which established the spiritual coordinates of a new era for us.

　　— — Model worker spirit, labor spirit and craftsman spirit: "Labor is the source of all happiness".

　　Socialism is done, and the new era is fought. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly praised labor creation, eulogized the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit. In this important article, the general secretary brilliantly explained the scientific connotations of these three spirits, namely, "the model worker spirit of loving one’s post, striving for first-class, struggling hard, being brave in innovation, being indifferent to fame and fortune, and being willing to contribute", "the labor spirit of advocating labor, loving labor, hard work and honest labor" and "the craftsman spirit of persistent concentration, Excellence, meticulousness and pursuit of Excellence", emphasizing that they are "yes"

　　— — Saihanba spirit: "the miracle of changing wasteland into forest".

　　On August 23rd, 2021, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Chengde, Hebei Province, his first stop came to Saihanba Machinery Forest Farm. In Saihanba in August, the mountains are green and the forest is green. However, more than half a century ago, it was a desert sandy land with "yellow sand covering the sky and birds without trees". Several generations of Saihanba people listened to the call of the party, worked hard and were willing to contribute, creating the miracle of turning desert into oasis and wasteland into forest, and creating a typical example in the history of world ecological civilization construction.

　　In August, 2017, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions, pointing out that the forest farm builders "interpreted Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s ideas with practical actions, and created the spirit of Saihanba with a mission in mind, hard work and green development", and asked the whole party and society to "adhere to the concept of green development and carry forward the spirit of Saihanba". During the inspection on August 23rd, 2021, the General Secretary once again emphasized that "the construction history of Saihanba Forest Farm is an epic history of hard struggle", and pointed out that the spirit of Saihanba "has important demonstration significance for the construction of national ecological civilization", demanding that "the spirit of Saihanba should be well inherited, and the concept of ecological civilization should be deeply understood and implemented".

　　— — Scientist spirit: "Scientific achievements cannot be separated from spiritual support".

　　Since the founding of New China, the vast number of scientific and technological workers in China have cherished the motherland and served the people, and set up monuments of scientific and technological innovation on the land of the motherland, casting a unique spiritual temperament. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s scientific and technological undertakings have achieved historic changes and achievements, which are inseparable from the selfless struggle of scientists and the vigorous promotion of scientists’ spirit. In May 2019, the CPC Central Committee issued the Opinions on Further Carrying Forward the Spirit of Scientists and Strengthening the Construction of Style of Study, demanding that "the patriotic spirit of caring for the motherland and serving the people, the innovative spirit of courageously climbing the peak and being the first, the realistic spirit of pursuing truth and rigorous scholarship, the dedication of being indifferent to fame and fortune, concentrating on research, the collaborative spirit of gathering wisdom to tackle key problems, unity and cooperation, and the educational spirit of being willing to be a ladder and rewarding others for later study" be vigorously carried forward. On September 11th, 2020, at the symposium of scientists, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the spirit of scientists is the precious spiritual wealth accumulated by scientific and technological workers in their long-term scientific practice", and emphatically expounded the spirit of patriotism and innovation, emphasizing that "science has no national boundaries, and scientists have the motherland". Scientific and technological workers should integrate their scientific pursuits into the great cause of building a socialist modern country, set up the ambition to dare to create, and strive to achieve more breakthroughs from 0 to 1.

　　— — The spirit of exploring the moon: "Dare to visit the moon for nine days".

　　In the early morning of December 17, 2020, the Chang ‘e-5 returner with lunar soil samples successfully returned to Earth, which marked the successful completion of the three-step plan of "winding, falling and returning" for China’s lunar exploration project after 44 years, and was an important milestone in the journey of building China into a space power. Since the official launch of the lunar exploration project in 2004, China astronauts have been reaching a more vast and far-reaching sea of stars with lofty aspirations of "flying to the moon", and have achieved their dreams through hard struggle and continuous struggle. On February 22, 2021, when meeting with the representatives of the participants in the No.5 mission of the lunar exploration project and visiting the exhibition of lunar samples and achievements of the lunar exploration project, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader spoke highly of the lunar exploration spirit of "pursuing dreams, being brave in exploration, working together to overcome difficulties and win-win cooperation", and stressed that "we should carry forward the lunar exploration spirit, give full play to the advantages of the new national system, bravely climb the scientific and technological peak, serve the overall situation of national development, and start a new journey of interstellar exploration step by step, and constantly advance."

　　— — Anti-epidemic spirit: "another heroic feat in the history of human struggle against disease"

　　COVID-19 epidemic is the most serious epidemic of infectious diseases in the world in the past century, and it is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest infection range and the most difficult prevention and control in China since the founding of New China. "Struggling with difficulties is both a material struggle and a spiritual confrontation." In the life-and-death struggle against the epidemic, the people of China and the Chinese nation, with their dauntless spirit of daring to struggle and win, interpreted the great love of the people and life first, and wrote an epic of fighting the epidemic with unity and perseverance. From angels in white to the people’s soldiers, from researchers to community workers, from volunteers to project builders, from the ancient and rare old people to the "post-90 s" and "post-00 s" young generation, countless people devoted their lives to the mission and protected the people with their love, and built an iron wall to protect their lives, vividly demonstrating the great anti-epidemic spirit.

　　In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the great anti-epidemic spirit of "life first, national unity, giving up life and forgetting death, respecting science and sharing destiny". Life is supreme, which embodies the profound tradition of benevolence of China people and the people-centered value pursuit of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. The unity of the whole country embodies the unity of the people of China through thick and thin. Forgetting one’s life and dying embodies the tenacious will of the people of China to dare to overwhelm all difficulties without being overwhelmed by any difficulties; Respect for science embodies the practical character of China people’s seeking truth and being pragmatic, pioneering and innovative. Fate and common destiny epitomize the moral responsibility of the people of China to work together and love peace. The General Secretary pointed out that "the great anti-epidemic spirit is in the same strain as the long-term idiosyncratic endowment and cultural genes of the Chinese nation, is the inheritance and development of patriotism, collectivism and socialist spirit, is a vivid interpretation of China spirit, and enriches the connotation of national spirit and the spirit of the times", and stressed that "the great anti-epidemic spirit should be vigorously carried forward in the whole society, so as to turn it into a powerful force for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation".

　　— — The spirit of getting rid of poverty: "a miracle on earth that shines in history."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a tough battle against poverty, with the largest scale, the strongest strength and the largest population in human history, has been launched in China. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and through the joint efforts of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups, China has won a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty. Under the current standards, 98.99 million rural poor people have all been lifted out of poverty, 832 poverty-stricken counties have all taken off their hats, and 128,000 poverty-stricken villages have all been listed. The overall regional poverty has been solved and the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty has been completed. The great struggle to get rid of poverty has created a miracle in history, and it has also played a spiritual hymn.

　　China’s overall victory in the fight against poverty has created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. The picture shows about 50 households in more than 20 cities and counties in Heilongjiang Province, smiling in the poverty alleviation industry they benefited from (imposition photo, taken from July to October 2020). Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Jianwei, Zhang Tao, Xie Jianfei, Sun Xiaoyu, Tang Tiefu, Xu Kaixin, Yang Siqi/photo

　　In this important article, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary profoundly explained the spirit of "fighting with one heart and one mind, fighting with all sincerity, being precise and pragmatic, pioneering and innovative, overcoming difficulties and living up to the people", pointing out that it "is a vivid portrayal of the nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the will and quality of the China people and the spirit of the Chinese nation, a concentrated expression of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, and a full manifestation of China spirit, China value and China’s strength. It has continuously inherited the great national spirit and the spirit of the times, and stressed that "the whole party, the whole country and the whole society should vigorously carry forward the spirit of tackling poverty, unite as one, fight bravely, resolutely overcome all difficulties and risks on the road ahead, and constantly win new and greater victories in upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics".

　　To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must be strong not only materially, but also spiritually. From 1921 to 2021, under the guidance of the great spirit of party building, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people fully carried forward the great spirit of the party and United and led the people of China to move forward towards the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; On the new road to the exam, the whole party and the people of the whole country will continue to carry forward the great spirit of the party, make unremitting efforts and forge ahead, and will certainly be able to write a new chapter of the times with new spiritual strength and cast a new spiritual monument with new great victories!

In today’s society, three insurances and one gold are of great significance to everyone’s life security and future planning. However, the process of handling three insurances and one gold may not be smooth sailing. Let’s discuss in detail how to handle it smoothly and the problems that may be encountered.

First of all, we should make it clear that three insurances and one fund include endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and housing accumulation fund. The first step is usually to understand the relevant policies and requirements of the unit.

For those who have a work unit, the unit is generally responsible for unified handling. The company will collect personal information of employees, such as ID number and household registration information, and report to relevant departments according to the prescribed procedures. In this process, employees need to actively cooperate and provide accurate information.

If they are freelancers or individual industrial and commercial households, the handling methods will be different. You need to go to the local social security and provident fund management department to handle it yourself. Before handling, you should prepare relevant documents, such as ID card, household registration book, business license, etc.

In the process of handling, you may encounter the following problems:

1. The information is inaccurate or incomplete. For example, the wrong ID number and the change of household registration information are not updated in time, which may lead to the blocking of the handling process.

2. Determination of payment base. The payment base of different regions and units may be different, so you need to understand the relevant regulations so as not to affect your rights and interests.

3. Transfer and connection. If the job changes, involving the transfer of three insurances and one gold, there may be complicated procedures and a long time.

In order to show more clearly the handling procedures and precautions in different situations, let’s look at the following table:

In short, handling three insurances and one fund requires us to make full preparations in advance, understand relevant policies and processes, and communicate with relevant departments to solve problems in time to ensure smooth handling and provide reliable protection for our lives and future.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

CCTV News:Since the disaster occurred, the people’s army has actively supported local flood fighting and disaster relief. On August 7, more than 20,000 officers and men were dispatched to carry out rescue operations in Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Heilongjiang and Jilin.

According to the task deployment, more than 7,500 officers and men stuck to levees and repaired roads in Tianjin, loaded and transported more than 190,000 sandbags, reinforced levees of more than 4,100 meters, blocked 21 piping, and eliminated about 22,000 square meters for epidemic prevention; More than 2,700 officers and men searched and rescued more than 5,200 people in Shangzhi, Wuchang, Heilongjiang, Yushu, Lan Shu, Songyuan and other areas, reinforced more than 2,200 meters of levees, repaired 45 kilometers of roads, disinfected about 10,000 square meters of epidemic prevention, and transported 17 tons of materials; More than 10,000 officers and men continued to repair 75 kilometers of roads, transport 641 tons of materials, clean up 74,000 cubic meters of silt, eliminate about 910,000 square meters of epidemic prevention and treatment, and treat more than 380 people in Beijing Mentougou, Fangshan, Changping, Daxing and Zhuozhou, Laishui and Zhuolu waterlogged areas in Hebei.

The pictures in this article are all from the Cultural Security Branch of Shanghai Public Security Bureau.

The first museum in the world originated from universities, and university museums are rooted in the deep soil of university culture, which is an important symbol of the profound academic and cultural accumulation of universities. Let’s discuss how to build a museum in a university.

1. Shanghai Jiaotong University School History Museum

No.1954 Huashan Road, Xuhui District

The exhibition hall of the school history museum has a total area of about 600 square meters, with three exhibition halls. The first exhibition hall spans from the establishment of Nanyang Public School to the liberation of Shanghai, and is divided into three periods: "the establishment of Nanyang Public School", "the construction of a modern engineering university" and "Jiaotong University combining science, engineering and management". The time span of the second exhibition hall has been from the liberation of Shanghai to the present. Nearly 700 precious cultural relics, documents, photographs and other materials are exhibited in these two exhibition halls, which reflect the development course of the school for more than a century and the fruitful achievements of academic research. The third exhibition hall is the performance exhibition of academicians of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Nearly 200 academicians of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Engineering who studied or taught in Jiaotong University were exhibited, and their biographies and major achievements were introduced in order of birth date. There is also Professor Lin Tongyan’s Exhibition Room in the third exhibition room, which displays more than 300 photos, works, papers and pictures of Mr. Lin Tongyan, a famous alumnus of Jiaotong University, an internationally renowned structural engineer, educator and Chinese American scholar.

Opening hours: every Tuesday to Sunday, from 9: 00 to 17: 00, and the telephone numbers are 62932403 and 62932326.

Route: Take bus Xumin Line and get off at Xujiahui Station, and walk for about 1.1 kilometers.

2. Shanghai Fudan University Museum

220 Handan Road, Yangpu District

Fudan University Museum is located in Fudan University, No.220 Handan Road. The museum showroom has a total area of about 800 square meters and is divided into two fixed exhibition halls-Gaoshan folk cultural relics exhibition and cultural relics teaching specimen exhibition, and two temporary exhibition halls. The museum has a collection of more than 2,000 pieces, which are donated by Henan Provincial Museum, Luoyang Cultural Relics Team, Shanghai Museum and other units, as well as the old collections of Fudan University Library, Wenbo College and Biology Department.

Museum fixed exhibition hall

Gaoshan folk cultural relics exhibition: the exhibits in the museum-Gaoshan exhibits were collected by Professor Liu Xian from the Biology Department of Fudan University in the 1920s from the Gaoshan settlements in Taiwan Province; The exhibition selected more than 100 pieces from its 400-odd collections, combined with documents and pictures, reflected the traditional customs and culture of Gaoshan people from various angles, and made some restorative scenes. Under the illumination of special spotlights for the exhibition, the whole exhibition was very bright, beautiful and lively.

Exhibition of teaching specimens of cultural relics: There are nearly 200 pieces of cultural relics of past dynasties, such as copper, pottery, porcelain, stone, jade, bamboo and wood ware, etc. This exhibition mainly serves the professional teaching of the Department of Culture and Art, and it has also become a place for non-professional audiences to cultivate their sentiments and appreciate ancient material culture because of the appropriate artistic expression and easy-to-understand text description.

Temporary exhibition hall of museum

The two temporary exhibition halls hold exhibitions of various collections or foreign art works. The exhibitions that have been held include the Picture Exhibition of Fudan University’s history of more than 90 years, the Introduction Exhibition of Hong Kong University, Guizhou Nuo Sculpture Art Exhibition, American Abstract Art Exhibition, American Indian Art Exhibition and Japanese Kikukawa Guofu Calligraphy Exhibition.

Opening hours: every Tuesday, Thursday and Friday, from 14: 00 to 16: 00 (except winter, summer and holidays). Group visits are reserved in advance and are not subject to the above time limit).

Route: Bus No.118, get off at Fudan University Station, and walk for about 1 km.

3. Shanghai Tongji University Museum

1239 siping road.

Tongji University Museum is located in the 129 building of Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, with an exhibition area of about 2,000 square meters. Tongji University Museum, as a historical building with a mixed structure of brick and wood, retains the internal and external formal features of the building to the maximum extent. The two-story high-rise room has a clear contrast between the old and new elements and a clear handover.

Recent exhibition in the museum: "Red Soil Muxia-2018 Australian Aboriginal Artists and China Artists (Shanghai) Joint Exhibition". This exhibition mainly displays 50 paintings, sculptures and ceramic artworks created by Australian aborigines, and 20 works by China artists who have visited Australian aborigines’ tribes reflecting the life of Australian aborigines. The exhibition will last until July 30th.

Opening hours: Monday to Saturday from 8: 30 to 16: 30 (except winter and summer holidays and legal holidays).

Route: Take Metro Line 10 to Tongji University Station and walk about 180 meters.

4. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Business Museum

No.777 Guoding Road, Yangpu District

The Business School Museum of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics is located in Yuheng Building, No.777 Guoding Road Campus. The Business School Museum is centered on the Business School Museum, supplemented by the Insurance Museum, the Tax Bill Museum, the Currency Museum and the Computer Museum. It displays the evolution and development of China’s century-old higher business education in a panoramic and multi-dimensional way. At present, the Currency Museum and the Computer Museum are under renovation and are closed to the public.

You need to make an appointment on the campus network in advance to visit the Business Museum. The opening hours are from 13: 30 to 16: 30 every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.

Route: Take Bus No.406 and get off at Guoding Road, and walk for about 280 meters.

5. Shanghai University Museum

2695 Hutai Road

The Shanghai University Museum is located in the east of the headquarters (No.333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan District). The museum has more than 6,000 pieces (sets) with an area of 4,200 square meters. The future exhibition will show Shanghai (maritime) art and reflect the history of Shanghai University, supplemented by temporary exhibitions, serving the discipline construction of Shanghai University and the alumni of teachers and students, and will be open to the whole society free of charge. The current curator of Shangda Museum is Associate Professor Liu Shaoxue, and the curator of Shanghai Museum, Mr. Chen Xiejun, and other experts in the field of cultural relics museum science and Shanghai culture research inside and outside the school form an advisory committee.

Shanghai University Museum is a member of the Professional Committee of University Museums of China Museum Association and a member of the National Alliance of University Museums for Educating People. It plays the role of museum education through temporary exhibition activities and volunteer work.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 8: 00 to 16: 00.

Route: Take Metro Line 7 to Shangda Road Station, exit 3, and walk for about 850 meters.

6. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine

No.1200, Cai Lunlu, Pudong New Area

Shanghai museum of tcm is a national popular science education base, a national traditional Chinese medicine culture publicity and education base, a national 3A-level tourist attraction and a Shanghai patriotism education base. Shanghai museum of tcm was founded in 2003, formerly known as the Museum of Medical History of Chinese Medical Association, which was founded in 1938. The museum has a building area of 6,314 square meters and an exhibition area of 4,050 square meters, and there is a "Herb Garden" of nearly 10,000 square meters outside the museum. The basic exhibition is divided into eight topics: primitive medical activities, ancient medical and health remains, medical management of past dynasties, medical collections of past dynasties, health culture, modern maritime Chinese medicine, herbal prescription appreciation and contemporary Qihuang new look, which reflect the main achievements of Chinese medicine in various historical periods and predict its bright future development.

Opening hours: 9:00~16:00 (Tuesday to Sunday) and closed on Monday.

Route: Take Bus No.1057 to Cai Lunlu Huatuo Road Station and walk for about 120 meters.

7. Donghua University Textile and Apparel Museum

849 Zhongshan West Road

The existing building area of the exhibition hall is more than 6,700 square meters, and the exhibition area of the first phase is more than 3,000 square meters. It is divided into four branches: the popular science museum, the ancient museum, the modern museum and the minority museum.

The first floor of the Exhibition Hall of the Textile and Apparel Museum of Donghua University is the Popular Science Museum, which displays the industrial chain and its characteristic links in the field of textile and apparel in the form of dynamic and static display, supplemented by high-tech display means and interactive exhibitions, and popularizes the scientific and cultural knowledge of textile and apparel. The interactive exhibition area is an important feature of the Science Museum, where a variety of interactive projects such as spinning, weaving, dyeing and clothing design are concentrated, including computer embroidery, knitting and weaving, ink-jet printing, hand-painted T-shirts, buckle knot making, jewelry DIY, dress consultant and digital stitching of clothing styles, etc. Visitors can experience these production and design processes and walk into textiles and clothing.

The second floor is the Ancient Museum, which displays the pictures and objects of textiles and garments in different periods in ancient China, and shows the development of ancient fabrics and textile appliances and the evolution of garments in past dynasties. From the ju loom in the pre-Qin period, the heald loom, the multi-heald multi-nie loom in the Han dynasty and the Zhuang bamboo cage loom in the Song dynasty, to the large jacquard machine representing the highest level of hand-woven satin and circular flower in the Ming and Qing dynasties; At the same time, it shows four famous Chinese brocade with rich colors and exquisite craftsmanship, namely Shu Brocade in Han and Tang Dynasties, Song Brocade and Zhuang Brocade in Song and Yuan Dynasties and Yun Brocade in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

On the third floor, there are the Modern Museum and the Minority Museum. The Modern Museum mainly displays the physical objects and image materials of modern China textile and clothing. The exhibits are mainly China traditional clothing, including related accessories. The contents are divided into three parts: women’s clothing, men’s clothing and children’s clothing. The fabrics of the clothes basically cover the fabric types at that time, reflecting the evolution of modern textile and clothing from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The National Minority Pavilion displays the textile processing and the costumes of ethnic minorities through physical scenes, pictures and multimedia presentations.

Opening hours: every Tuesday to Saturday (9:00~16:00), and arrangements will be announced separately during national holidays and winter and summer vacations.

Route: Take Metro Line 4 to Exit 2 of Yan ‘an West Road Station and walk for about 1.1 kilometers.

8. China Fish Culture Museum of Shanghai Ocean University.

No.318 Jungong Road, Yangpu District

China Fish Culture Museum of Shanghai Ocean University is located at No.318, Jungong Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai. It is a popular science education base for aquatic organisms in Shanghai and one of the national culture museums in Shanghai universities. It has a total construction area of 1,036 square meters, 40,000 specimens, about 3,000 species and more than 1,000 species on display. In 1952, Zhu Yuanding, a famous ichthyologist, founded the Fish Specimen Room of Shanghai Fisheries University. In the early days of its establishment, equipment, personnel and funds were very tight. Zhu Yuanding led his colleagues to overcome many difficulties, and started to collect fish specimens and materials by himself. In just a few years, the herbarium has collected more than 900 species and more than 25,000 specimens, forming an elementary scale and soon becoming an important base for ichthyology research in China. Since then, the specimen room has been renamed the fish research room. By the year 2000, the fish laboratory had been one of the four bases for studying fish taxonomy in China.

In 2002, the laboratory obtained the largest sperm whale specimen in China with a length of 18.4 meters. Subsequently, the laboratory was upgraded and evolved into the whale hall of Shanghai Fisheries University.

At the end of 2005, the China Fish Culture Museum was unveiled in the former Shanghai Fisheries University at No.334 Jungong Road. At the same time, Shanghai Fisheries University and Shanghai Ocean Aquarium signed a cooperation agreement, which opened the prelude to the establishment and protection of fish culture in China.

Nowadays, Shanghai Ocean University is moving to the new campus of Nanhui Lingang, and the China Fish Culture Museum will be renamed again. Starting from 2008, the new campus will build the first museum with the theme of ocean in China, realizing the transformation from fish culture to marine culture. The building area of the new museum will reach 7,000 square meters, and 12 exhibition halls will be set up, including Fish Culture Museum, Fishery History Museum, Fishing Gear and fishing method Pavilion, which will become a professional museum integrating teaching, scientific research, popular science and cultural heritage.

Opening hours: 24 hours a day.

Route: Take Metro Line 12 to Exit 2 of Aiguo Road Station and walk for about 1.3 kilometers.

9. Shanghai University of Science and Technology Printing Museum

No.100 Shuifeng Road

The Printing Museum of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology was founded in 1998. It is located on the fourth floor of the library of the School of Publishing, Printing and Art Design of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. The exhibition hall covers an area of about 1,000 square meters. The museum consists of a historical museum and an equipment museum. The exhibition hall consists of five parts: the origin and development of printing, the introduction and development of modern printing, the start-up and revitalization of national printing industry, the modernization process of Shanghai printing industry and the exhibition of modern Shanghai printing products. The representative cultural relics and materials are displayed, including printing equipment such as printed pottery and wooden movable type, FM network prints, pure gold-plated prints, digital prints and related audio-visual materials, and the exhibition form.

Opening hours: every Tuesday and Friday from 09: 00 to 11: 30; 14:00~16:00。

Route: Take Metro Line 12 to Exit 4 of Longchang Road Station and walk for about 1.2 kilometers.

10. Biology Museum of East China Normal University

Floor 2, Experimental Building B, No.500 Dongchuan Road

The Biology Museum of East China Normal University was founded in 1952, relying on the School of Life Sciences of East China Normal University. The museum has a long history and a rich collection, including animal specimens such as birds, insects, mammals, amphibians, fish and invertebrates, as well as various plant specimens such as seeds, ferns, mosses and algae, with a total of tens of thousands of specimens. Among them, it also includes specimens of many rare animals, including giant pandas, Chinese alligators, crested ibis and sunbirds. The Museum of Biology also has a variety of multimedia videos of biology, in order to help visitors understand the "story behind" of animal and plant specimens more intuitively and deeply.

Opening hours: It is open to the public every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday (except national statutory holidays).

Route: Bus No.958, get off at Lianhua South Road Station of Dongchuan Road and walk for about 530 meters.

11-1. Museum of Shanghai Normal University

4th Floor, Wenyuan Building, No.81 Guilin Road

Shanghai Normal University Museum is located in Wenyuan Building, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai. The collection in the museum was formed in the 1950s, and it was officially built in 2001. It has a building area of over 740 square meters, and belongs to an artistic museum, covering more than 2,000 pieces of ceramics, bronzes, calligraphy and painting, jade articles, steles, ethnic minorities and religions. The age spans from Neolithic to contemporary, and the most distinctive features are Tibetan Thangka.

Features: The collection includes jade articles, bronzes, ceramics, inscriptions, calligraphy, paintings, thangkas, costumes, embroidery, etc., among which there are many treasures. The Neolithic jade wares were regular in shape and polished smoothly, reflecting a high level of craftsmanship. Mao Gongding, a three-dimensional rubbing, belongs to the original refined rubbing; The scriptures written by Sui monks and translated by Xuanzang are rare cultural relics. Sheep brain paper gold juice book Tibetan infinite life Buddhist sutra, Tibetan Buddha’s illusion network continued secret sutra, is a rare treasure; Thangka is mostly written in the Qing Dynasty, which has national characteristics. Among the paintings, Wang Yuanqi and Wu Li’s landscape paintings are also excellent; The figure painting of the Qing Palace Temple is also a rare exhibit in Shanghai. The official kiln porcelain from the court is exquisite and gorgeous, showing the unique bearing of the royal family. Shanghai University Porcelain Museum is built on the basis of the porcelain collection of Shanghai Normal University Museum. The collected ceramics started from the painted pottery of Majiayao culture in the prehistoric culture period, and went through various practical and buried ceramics in the Han Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty, including glazed porcelain and tricolor porcelain in the Tang Dynasty, monochrome glazed porcelain, carved porcelain and piled porcelain in the famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, carved porcelain in Xixia, decals, blue-and-white glazed porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, and multicolored, pastel, doodle and blue-and-white glazed porcelain in the Qing Dynasty. The collection covers various famous historical kilns such as Ru Kiln, Jun Kiln, Ge Kiln, Longquan Kiln, Jizhou Kiln, Dehua Kiln and Jingdezhen Kiln, which basically reflects the brief history of the development of China ceramics.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 8: 00 to 11: 00 and from 13: 30 to 16: 30.

Weekends, national holidays, winter and summer vacations need to be reserved in advance.

Route: Take bus Xumin Line to Humin Road and get off at Guilin Road Station and walk for about 1.6 kilometers.

11-2. Shanghai Normal University "Comfort Women" History Museum

No.100 Guilin Road

On October 22nd, 2016, the China Museum of Comfort Women held an opening ceremony in Shanghai Normal University, located in Wenyuan Building of Shanghai Normal University. The museum contains a collection of commemorative cultural relics donated by survivors of the comfort women system, and it is the only museum in Chinese mainland with the theme of preserving the evidence of the tragic situation of comfort women.

Features: The only museum in China with the theme of preserving the evidence of the tragic situation of "comfort women".

Opening hours: Tuesday to Sunday from 9: 00 to 16: 00 (closed on holidays, winter and summer vacations).

Route: Take bus Xumin Line to Humin Road and get off at Guilin Road Station and walk for about 1.3 kilometers.

12. Shanghai Conservatory of Music Oriental Musical Instrument Museum

No.20, Lane 18, Gaoan Road, Xuhui District

Shanghai Oriental Musical Instrument Museum is the first musical instrument museum in China’s art colleges. Construction began in the summer of 1985, and its predecessor was "China National Musical Instrument Exhibition Hall" and "Oriental Musical Instrument Exhibition Hall". Inspired by Comrade Jiang Zemin’s inscription "Running First-class Music Education, Creating International Advanced Level", it was expanded into "Oriental Musical Instrument Museum" in 2001, with the name inscribed by the old dean He Lvting. The total area of the exhibition hall is about 1200M2. It is divided into four exhibition areas: China ancient musical instruments, China modern musical instruments, minority musical instruments and foreign national musical instruments, and a multimedia exhibition hall. There are more than 400 kinds of musical instruments in the Oriental Musical Instrument Museum of Shanghai Conservatory of Music. It can be divided into four parts: China ancient musical instruments, China modern musical instruments, China minority musical instruments and foreign minority musical instruments. China ancient musical instruments mainly include: Jia Hu bone flute, 48-piece large chimes, 32-piece chimes, bronze drums in Han Dynasty, lyre in Ming Dynasty, etc. Modern musical instruments in China are exhibited in wind instruments, stringed instruments, plucked instruments and percussion instruments. China’s minority musical instruments include Bawu, Mudi, Dong Di, Zhandi, Lerong, Lusheng and Hulusheng. Ma Guhu, Ai Jieke, Hu Xita and other stringed instruments; Dongbula, Komz, Rewap, Zamunie and other plucked instruments; Dabu, Sabayi, Elephant Horn Drum and other percussion instruments. Foreign minority musical instruments include various musical instruments of Korea, India, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Russia, Australia, West Africa and other countries and regions.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday from 9: 00 to 16: 00.

Route: Bus Xumin Line and get off at Gaoan Road Station of Zhaojiabang Road and walk about 760 meters.

13. Lei Feng Pavilion of Shanghai Jianqiao College

No.1111, Hucheng Ring Road, Pudong New Area

Building a Bridge Lei Feng Pavilion is the first Lei Feng theme memorial hall in Shanghai universities. It is divided into three sections: Lei Feng Story, Lei Feng Spirit and Lei Feng Building a Bridge. It displays the vivid image of Lei Feng in a diversified way, condenses the achievements of building a bridge to carry forward the moral education of Lei Feng spirit, and encourages teachers and students to further start from me, start from the small things around them, know Lei Feng, love Lei Feng, learn from Lei Feng, and radiate to Lingang, Pudong and Shanghai.

Opening hours: Monday to Friday, from 9: 00 to 17: 00 every day.

Route: From Longgang Express to Shuihua Road Station on Olive Road, walk for about 1.4 kilometers.

14. China Accounting Museum of Shanghai Lixin Accounting Institute

No.2800 Wenxiang Road, Songjiang District

China Accounting Museum is the world’s first accounting museum integrating academic and practical work. The museum is located in the beautiful Songjiang University Town, which is in line with the history and culture of Songjiang, the "root of Shanghai". The museum includes China exhibition hall, international exhibition hall, accounting hall of fame, temporary exhibition hall, collection library, literature database, research room, audio-visual room and other functional places, with a total construction area of 4,500 square meters and an exhibition area of 2,500 square meters. Generally speaking, it presents the functional form of "people, things and history", and comprehensively displays the accounting history of China and foreign countries and accounting celebrities who have made outstanding contributions to the accounting development in China in the 20th century.

China Accounting Museum has collected nearly 7,000 pieces of accounting historical relics and related materials at home and abroad, featuring Chinese and foreign account books, accounting supplies, accounting reports, various deeds and company files. China Accounting Museum serves accounting education and academic research and exchange, and has established extensive academic ties with accounting historians and related research institutions in more than ten countries and regions, including the United States, Italy, France, Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, South Africa, Hong Kong and Taiwan Province. The museum was jointly built by Shanghai Lixin Accounting Institute, Lixin Accounting Firm and Lixin Accounting Publishing House, and received strong support and help from all walks of life.

China Accounting Museum is divided into four parts: Preface Hall, China Exhibition Hall, International Exhibition Hall and Accounting Hall of Fame.

Opening hours: Tuesday to Friday from 9: 00 to 16: 00 (the museum is closed from Sunday to Monday, and the school is closed during the winter and summer vacations, and group visits are arranged separately).

Route: Take bus Songjiang No.17 to Wenxiang Road Station on Long Yuan Road and walk about 340 meters.

15. Fu Lei’s Life Exhibition Hall, School of Business and Foreign Languages

No.505 Guanhai Road, Pudong New Area

Thunderstorm and Rain Building-Fu Lei’s Life Exhibition Hall is located in the library of Shanghai Industrial and Commercial Foreign Languages Vocational College, No.505 Guanhai Road, huinan town, Pudong New Area. The exhibition hall will become the training and development base of oral French skills in this hospital. The exhibition hall of Fu Lei’s life contains pictures, videos, physical objects and other materials of Fu Lei’s life, which reflects the course and achievements of Fu Lei’s overseas study, rigorous scholarship, translation-oriented, versatile, and introduces his nearly 50 million-word translated works and more than a dozen versions of Fu Lei’s Letters. The information is rich and informative, and there is an image playing room. Shanghai Vocational College of Business and Foreign Languages will build the exhibition hall of Fu Lei’s life and build it into a training base for oral French skills, which can give full play to the geographical advantages for students to learn, carry forward Fu Lei’s academic spirit and inherit cultural traditions.

Opening hours: The museum is closed to the public on a daily basis, and an appointment is required. Telephone number is 021-68020687.

Route: From Huilu Special Line to Guanhai Road Renmin East Road Station, walk for about 30 meters.

16. Shanghai Publishing and Printing College Printing Museum

No.100 Shuifeng Road, Yangpu District

The printing museum of Shanghai Publishing and Printing College is located at No.100 Shuifeng Road, which was completed in 1998. It is one of the first national culture museums in Shanghai universities, one of the industrial tourism museums in Shanghai, and also a patriotic education base and a popular science education base in Shanghai. The exhibition hall covers an area of nearly 1,000 square meters and is divided into five parts: Origin, Development and Spread of Printing, Introduction and Development of Modern Printing, Shanghai Printing Industry, Printing Experience and Exhibition of Printing Exquisites. Through a large number of cultural relics, documents, physical models, simulation operations and digital images, the profound printing culture is vividly displayed, the ancient and splendid printing civilization is inherited, and the development of modern printing technology is experienced.

Opening hours: every Tuesday and Friday from 09: 00 to 11: 30; 14:00~16:00 (open by appointment on other working days)

Route: Take Metro Line 12 to Exit 4 of Longchang Road Station and walk for about 1.2 kilometers.

17-1. Exhibition Hall of Shanghai Institute of Sport

4th Floor, Lvwa Building, No.399 Changhai Road

The exhibition hall of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education is located at No.399 Changhai Road, which was completed on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the school in 2002. It is located on the fourth floor of Lvwa Building, with an area of 840 square meters. The exhibition hall takes "great events, masters and buildings" as the main line, and its style is simple, elegant and plain. It is divided into exhibition areas such as Hall, Historical Exhibition Area, Building Exhibition Area, Master Exhibition Area, Wu Yunrui Thematic Exhibition Area, Competitive Sports Exhibition Area, Recent Development Achievement Exhibition Area and Multimedia Interactive Exhibition Area.

The exhibition hall of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education is open to the whole school and the society free of charge. And now due to the overall renovation of the green tile building, the exhibition hall has been completely demolished. According to the construction arrangement of high-level local colleges and universities in Shanghai, the school will build the "Shanghai Institute of Physical Education Sports Culture Exhibition Hall and Shanghai Institute of Physical Education School History Museum" on the fourth floor of Lvwa Building, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2019.

Opening hours: open by appointment; Tel: 021-51253043.

Route: Take bus 537/842 to Changhai Hospital Station and walk about 80 meters.

17-2. Wushu Museum of Shanghai Sport University

No.399 Changhai Road

The Wushu Museum of Shanghai Institute of Sport is located at No.399 Changhai Road (near Zhongyuan Road or Hengren Road). It was completed in Shanghai Institute of Sport on November 10, 2007, with a total area of 2,000 square meters. It is the first museum in the world to fully display the history and culture of Wushu. The completion of Wushu Museum is of great strategic significance for promoting traditional culture and cultivating national spirit.

There are more than 2,000 pieces in the Wushu Museum, including soldiers’ guns in the Qing Dynasty, warriors’ figurines in the Tang Dynasty, martial arts books, bronze weapons in the pre-Qin period, and stone carvings, plaques and badges related to martial arts in different periods.

Wushu Museum is divided into boxing hall, history hall, exhibition hall, stereoscopic cinema and digital multimedia interactive area. In the exhibition hall, there are more than 500 collections selected from the collection of cultural relics, and the profoundness of China Wushu is displayed from multiple angles by combining literature, pictures and multimedia display means.

Opening hours: every Tuesday to Saturday from 9: 00 to 16: 00. Tickets are free.

Route: Take bus 537/842 to Changhai Hospital Station and walk about 50 meters.

[Tips from Wenbao police]

During the visit, you should always be vigilant, pay attention not only to the exhibits, but also to the state of your belongings. It is best to travel together. Relatives and friends should take care of each other and remind each other, especially those who follow you for a long time and are close to you. Be sure to take good care of personal belongings, valuables and identity documents with you and put them close to your body.

(Original title "Shanghai University Museum Collection")

Beijing, July 1 ST (Wang Yupeng) "Eating pigment, we are still black-eyed and yellow; Eating preservatives, we can’t become mummies. " When talking about whether food additives are harmful, Huali Wang, an assistant researcher at the National Food Safety Risk Center, made an analogy. She stressed that as long as it is used within the limits and scope stipulated by the national food safety standards, food additives will not cause harm to the human body. Xue Yi, vice chairman and secretary general of China Food Additives and Ingredients Association, reminded that while eating with confidence, we should also pay attention to the concept of "zero additives". [Interview: Huali Wang and Xue Yi talk about food additives you don’t know]

The picture shows Huali Wang, assistant researcher of the National Food Safety Risk Center.

What is the use of food additives?

Food additives mainly play the role of preventing deterioration, improving taste and ensuring uniform quality.

"Foods have a certain shelf life. If preservatives are not used, microorganisms will grow and reproduce, but they will be harmful to health, such as the aflatoxin, which is more harmful than arsenic." Huali Wang also stressed that "the first condition for using preservatives is to comply with national food safety standards. At present, some unscrupulous traders use preservatives to cover up the defects in food raw materials, which should be severely cracked down. "

As for the thickener in ice cream, Huali Wang introduced that its main function is to make the food form a gel state, so as to make the food have a more suitable taste. Thickeners are starch and gum, and most of them come from natural foods, such as sodium alginate and agar. There is also a non-dairy creamer called "creamer", which is often used in coffee and other beverage products. The main purpose is to bring a smooth and thick taste.

In the large-scale processing process, food additives also help to ensure the uniformity of product quality. Xue Yi said: "Under the premise of huge processing volume, if there are no food additives, the ham sausages that consumers buy today are of this taste and color, and what they buy tomorrow may be different."

Xue Yi, Vice Chairman and Secretary General of China Food Additives and Ingredients Association

Are edible additives safe?

Since food additives are indispensable, how to ensure that they will not endanger health?

Xue Yi introduced that the use of food additives in food processing is restricted by clear national food safety standards, and there are strict regulations on what kind of food and how much each food additive is used. At present, there are 2334 kinds of food additives allowed by national standards, which are lower than those in the United States and Japan.

"When we evaluate the safety of food additives, we consider two aspects, one is long-term and the other is large." Xue Yi said, "A lot, that is, measured by the dosage of food additives as meals every day; Long-term, that is, measured by the length and intensity of daily consumption for life. Then take the safety factors of these two aspects as the scientific basis for us to formulate standards. "

Xue Yi emphasized that as long as food additives are used in accordance with the standards, safety is not a concern. But at the same time, we should be careful about the concept of "zero additive".

"’zero additive’ is often a concept made by merchants." Xue Yi said, "At present, food processing conditions and large-scale production methods have rarely required the use of additives. Even some canned foods sterilized at high temperature and high pressure or honey with high sugar content do not need additives themselves, and there is no need to gild the lily with’ zero additives’. Therefore,’ zero additive’ is mostly a concept put forward by merchants to sell products well or to meet some requirements of consumers. "