In order to further promote the dissemination and application of academic research results of law, from 2019, the Shanghai Law Society and China HowNet strategically cooperated to publish the Shanghai Law Research online, and published 24 volumes of large-scale original academic library of law with a scale of 10 million words every year, which was included in the full text of China HowNet, and the electronic version could be queried and downloaded online. The collection of Shanghai Legal Studies focuses on the annual production of quality and distinctive contents in the legal field. Up to now, more than 2,700 articles in all 72 volumes in 2019, 2020 and 2021 and 1-8 volumes in 2022 have been fully edited, and 2,370 articles have been launched on China HowNet, with a single download volume of 3,000 times and a total download volume of nearly 500,000 times.

Contents of Volume 23 of Shanghai Legal Studies in 2021

-southeast university anthology

Subject: crime and supervision of the rule of law

Frontier problem

On the Predicament and Outlet of Minors’ Right to Fair and High Quality Education

Zhou tong

On the Judicial Review of the Invalidation of Administrative Agreement

Wang zhengchao

On the Expansion of the Scope of Compensation for Spiritual Damage of Administrative Tort —— Based on the Interpretation of National Compensation for Spiritual Damage

Chen wulve

Predicament and outlet of full-time fact trial of people’s jurors

Chen Qian

Study on the Setting System of Temporary Administrative Measures for Major International Activities

Yang jiahao

On the "Poverty Alleviation" Precise Governance of National Folk Literature and Art from the Perspective of Utilitarianism

Li Yuanhua

On the legal responsibility for the loss caused by travel restriction in public health emergencies

Yu jiacheng

Supervise the rule of law

Optimization of the Connection Path of the Concept of "Fa Fa"

Liu Hao

Visualization Analysis of Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Supervision Law in China —— Bibliometric Research Based on cnki Database

Cui xuemeng

Feasibility analysis of setting prescription system in supervision law

Lu mengjiao

A probe into the principle of the right relief of the investigated person in the supervision procedure

Niu Mengqian

Research on National Supervision Compensation System from the Perspective of Legislation

Chen Shengnan

Criminal rule of law

The expansion of subjectivism in criminal law legislation and its countermeasures

Xu Jing

A study on the phenomenon that the sentencing suggestion of pleading guilty and admitting punishment is not adopted

Dai Minmin

On the implementation of "the same case and the same sentence" in criminal cases

Liu Meng

Reconstruction of prosecution system for dealing with crimes only after telling them.

Xu yunjie

Judicial Identification and Reflection on the Crime of Obstructing the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in the Form of Dual Crimes —— Taking 64 Judgment Documents as the Starting Point

Liu xiaoning

An Analysis of Criminal Law Doctrines of "Rape and Trafficking of Women"

Xuesong Wang

Analysis on Criminal Responsibility of Stealing and Digging Black Soil

Wang Xiaoli

The applicable limit of the crime of infringing on the reputation and honor of heroic martyrs

Biezhi

Advocating the Diversification of Criminalization of Internet Fraud

Gong wenbo

The legal interest structure and development of the crime of illegal business operation

Zong shaohao

Judicial determination of the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information in the era of civil code

Wang Siqi

Qualitative research on criminal law of stealing network virtual property

Li yinqin

Civil rule of law

On the effectiveness of the parties’ agreement to attach property rights

Huang chenyu

Research on the Self-indulgent Adventure System in China’s Civil Code

Ding Dairui

On the new way of data monopoly regulation-legal examination of data portability right

Ma Jinfei

Research on the Legal Issues of Applying Safe Harbor Principle to Short Video Platform

Yang Yun

On the duty of care of network service providers in copyright infringement

Qiu Rong

Frontier problem

1. Analysis of the plight and outlet of minors’ right to fair and high-quality education

Author: Zhou Tong (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: At present, the protection of minors’ right to education in China has made great progress, but with the advancement of the digital age and the change of social environment, the protection of minors’ right to education is facing new challenges. With the improvement of people’s living standards, ensuring the fair and high-quality education rights of minors in the new era has gradually become an important measure to promote the full enjoyment of educational resources for the people. Although the newly revised and implemented relevant laws respond to the social concerns of the current social minors’ right to fair and high-quality education, there is still a division between theory and practice, which needs further improvement and regulation.

Keywords: minors’ right to education is fair and high-quality; minors’ right to education is protected by law and compulsory education is regulated.

2. On the judicial review of invalid administrative agreements.

Author: Wang Zhengchao (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: According to the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Trial of Administrative Agreement Cases, both administrative legal norms and civil legal norms can be applied to the determination of invalid administrative agreements. However, the current legal norms are too general, and there are also some problems in the direct application of administrative acts and civil contracts to administrative agreements. In judicial practice, the application methods and order of administrative law and civil law are not clear enough, and the relationship between illegality and invalidity of administrative agreements is difficult to grasp. By sorting out the theoretical classification and changes of the judicial review mode of administrative agreements, this paper optimizes the review path of the invalidation of administrative agreements, and makes a normative explanation of the invalidation standards of administrative acts and civil contracts applied to administrative agreements from the perspective of jurisprudence, clarifying the relationship between "significant and obvious violation of laws and administrative regulations" and "violation of mandatory provisions" in order to improve the judicial review rules of administrative agreements.

Keywords: administrative agreement, invalid administrative agreement, invalid administrative litigation, standard law, dogmatic judicial review rules

3. On the expansion of the scope of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative infringement —— Based on the Interpretation of National Compensation for Mental Damage.

Author: Chen Wulue (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: On March 25th, 2021, the Supreme People’s Court officially published the Interpretation of the State Compensation for Mental Damage, which responded to the problems in the application of the State Compensation Law since it introduced the compensation system for mental damage. However, the problem of narrow scope of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative infringement has not been effectively solved. China’s civil mental damage compensation system has a rich theoretical and practical basis, and the Civil Code has improved the tort mental damage compensation, expanding the scope of the subject and the scope of the right to claim compensation. We can reflect on and learn from the content of civil compensation system for mental damage, and combine the characteristics of administrative activities to seek the expansion of the scope of mental damage due to administrative infringement from both the subject and the content, so as to fully protect the spiritual rights and interests of the administrative counterpart.

Keywords: state compensation, expansion of the scope of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative infringement, expansion of the scope of state compensation law

4. Predicament and outlet of full-time fact trial of people’s jurors

Author: Chen Qian (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: At the beginning of the establishment of the people’s jury system, people’s jurors and judges have the same position and power, and they have the power to comment on both factual and legal issues. The identification of legal issues by people’s jurors leads to the elite trend of jurors, which contradicts the value orientation of the people’s jury system. At the same time, there is still a conflict between the people’s jurors and the judges. Based on the above two reasons, it is imperative to reform the full-time fact trial of people’s jurors. However, there are theoretical dilemmas in the reform that the concepts of legal issues and factual issues are difficult to distinguish, as well as practical dilemmas that the list system of factual issues is difficult to implement, the priority presumption of factual issues is contrary to the original intention of the reform, and the disciplinary mechanism of people’s jurors is imperfect. Therefore, we should further improve the system construction of full-time fact trial of people’s jurors, distinguish objective facts from legal facts, specify the rules for making lists of facts, and establish a disciplinary mechanism for people’s jurors.

Keywords: people’s jurors full-time fact-finding list of facts, people’s jurors punish people’s jurors and reform judicial judgment

5. Study on the setting system of temporary administrative measures for major international activities.

Author: Yang Jiahao (Ph.D. candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: It is an important task for the government to ensure the smooth holding of major international activities. The administrative measures stipulated by the current laws and regulations can not meet the actual needs of the government’s various security work during the activities, so it is necessary to set up temporary administrative measures for possible security risks and emergencies. Because setting temporary measures will increase the burden on citizens, it is necessary for the Standing Committee of local people’s congresses to innovate China’s authorization legislation system and make a general authorization decision to provide a normative basis for the government to set temporary administrative measures. The temporary administrative measures set by the government according to the authorization should follow the four basic principles of efficiency, administration according to law, proportionality and human rights protection. In order to prevent the government from abusing temporary administrative measures to damage citizens’ rights, it is necessary to improve the supervision mechanism composed of the National People’s Congress, the administrative system itself and the court to review the legality and rationality of government actions.

Keywords: major international activities, administrative measures authorization decision-making system, temporary measures general authorization

6. On the "poverty alleviation" precise governance of national folk literature and art from the perspective of utilitarianism.

Author: Li Yuanhua (Ph.D. candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: In order to cope with the drastic change of production mode and social transformation, based on teleology and economic interest theory, the protection of national folk literature and art should turn to utilitarian governance. At present, the national folk literature and art has entered an uncontrollable "poverty" state, and it has fallen into an endogenous predicament because it can’t be integrated into the copyright law system, and it has fallen into an exogenous predicament because it can’t cope with the digital transformation. At the same time, it is facing a dispute over the legal basis. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out accurate governance of folk literature and art from the perspective of utilitarianism. First of all, we should complete the concept transformation from passive protection to active governance, from program protection to cultural governance, from meticulous protection to secular governance, from closed protection to market-oriented governance with different internal and external characteristics; Secondly, we should achieve precise governance in methodology, actively adapt to the protection system of copyright law, and actively adapt to the triple space composed of right subject, power subject and power subject; Finally, procuratorial public interest litigation, together with shared governance within the ethnic group and administrative power regulation outside the ethnic group, should jointly deal with the possible over-commercialization of folk literature and art governance under the market-oriented mechanism, and help folk literature and art to take the road of evolution.

Keywords: utilitarian poverty alleviation governance of ethnic and folk literature and art, limited marketization, precise governance of rights and obligations

7. On the legal liability for the loss caused by travel restriction in public health emergencies.

Author: Yu Jiacheng (Master of Constitutional Law and Administrative Law, School of Law, Zhejiang Gongshang University)

Abstract: In order to control the flow of people, China has implemented some travel restrictions. As a necessary part of the prevention and control of public health emergencies, these measures have caused unnecessary losses to citizens’ legitimate rights and interests. However, by analyzing the administrative nature of various travel restriction measures and the corresponding damage compensation methods, it can be known that the existing damage compensation measures are sparse in coverage and weak in compensation, and the actual effect is not good. In order to form a wide-ranging legal liability system for damage caused by travel restrictions, we should first clarify the state responsibility hidden behind the existing system and institutionalize and fix the existing damage compensation measures. At the same time, administrative compensation measures should be formulated as reinforcement measures, and flexible application space should be left for social equity compensation.

Keywords: prevention and control of public health emergencies, travel restrictions, damage compensation, administrative compensation and social equity compensation

Supervise the rule of law

1. The optimization of the connection path of the concept of "Fa Fa"

Author: Liu Hao (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: The supervisory organ is the "leading force" of anti-corruption governance in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the "co-location" of discipline inspection and supervision is the "innovative top-level design" of anti-corruption governance in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. In this process, the concept of supervision is the forerunner of the orderly development of supervision and corruption control activities. First of all, according to the rigid and flexible constraint nature of the concept, the supervision concept can be divided into two levels: the supervision concept at the level of "violation of discipline" and the supervision concept at the level of "violation of law" and "touching punishment"; Secondly, as far as the extension of the supervision concept is concerned, its essence is to highlight "politics", its value is to show "fairness" and its effectiveness is to show "strictness"; Furthermore, the reason for the poor connection between the supervision concept and the judicial concept is that the extension characteristics of the three concepts of the former may interfere with the authority, affect its independence and shake its equality. Finally, it is necessary to resort to the "rule by law" under the leadership of the Party and the "rule by law" with anti-corruption as the core to coordinate the supervision concept with the judicial concept and put in order.

Keywords: supervision concept, judicial concept, law and law convergence, judicial independence and equality principle, concept harmony

2. Visual analysis of research hotspots and frontiers of China’s supervision law —— Bibliometric research based on cnki database

Author: Cui Mengxue (Ph.D. candidate of Southeast University)

Abstract: From 1992 to 2021, China’s academic circles launched a wealth of research around the supervision law, and achieved certain research results. By using citespace, this paper makes a statistical analysis of 795 documents related to supervision law, which were included in the core journals of Peking University and cssci journals (including extended boards) in China Knowledge Network during this period, and respectively processes and studies them from the key words, the amount of articles published, the time of publication, the distribution of authors and research institutions, the distribution of articles published disciplines, and the distribution of articles published periodicals, so as to draw a visual knowledge map of the research hotspots and frontiers of supervision law in China. Based on the above data, this paper analyzes the research status of China’s academic circles in the field of supervision law in recent 30 years, evaluates and points out the hot spots and existing problems of the existing research, with a view to providing some suggestions and directions for the future research in the field of supervision law in China.

Keywords: supervision law, supervision system reform, visual analysis and bibliometrics research of supervision committee of supervision system

3. Feasibility analysis of setting prescription system in supervision law

Author: Lu Mengjiao (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: Prescription system is a basic rule of law system, which is widely used in civil law, criminal law and other legal systems. As a new compound right, supervision power integrates administrative supervision power, part of duty crime investigation power and supervision and prevention power. It is reasonable to consider the setting of prescription system and bring the supervision system into the track of rule of law. However, the convergence of the supervision system has not yet been put in place. In the current dual-track operating environment of government and administrative sanctions, administrative sanctions can still deal with the illegal acts of duty that have not been dealt with by government. Setting up the prescription system in the current supervision system will not only not play the role of the prescription system, but will also lead to the situation that the disposal right is transferred to the interior of the administrative organ, making the supervision right lose its supervision over the illegal acts of duty. In addition, the application of the prescription system of criminal acts in criminal law can also regulate duty crimes. Therefore, it is not appropriate to consider the prescription system of supervision power too hastily, and to prevent the prescription system from being ineffective.

Keywords:: prescription system supervision law, government disposition power, procuratorial power and rule of law

4. Probe into the principle of the right relief of the respondent in the supervision procedure.

Author: Niu Mengqian (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Summary: There is no doubt that the supervision law plays an important role in concentrating on cracking down on corruption cases, but if there is power, there must be restrictions. Under the strong supervision power, the legitimate rights and interests of the respondents are easily ignored. Although the supervision law stipulates the internal and external supervision of the supervisory organs, the supervision that has not been transformed into relief is not good supervision. Supervision itself is a means, not an end. Therefore, the legal rights and interests of the respondents are often in trouble. Apart from the general anti-corruption sentiment of the people, the reasons are that the remedies of the respondents are too single and narrow, and the means of external supervision by the supervisory organs have not been transformed into remedies, and the supervisory power itself has a high weight. Therefore, in order to promote the diversification and openness of the remedies for the rights of the respondents, we should follow the principles of giving priority to public remedies, exhausting internal remedies and ensuring the normal and smooth operation of the former two, so as to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the respondents during their supervision.

Keywords: supervision law, the rights of the respondent, relief and supervision organs, anti-corruption power constraints

5. Research on State Supervision Compensation System from the Perspective of Legislation

Author: Chen Shengnan (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: Under the background of the new era of upholding the rule of law in an all-round way and deepening the reform in an all-round way, the reform of the national supervision system goes hand in hand with the rule of law. Based on the deepening of the reform of the supervision system, the supervision compensation system, as an important part of the national supervision system and mechanism, is not only the basic embodiment of the principle of power restriction, but also the value orientation of highlighting the legal operation of supervision power and the consistency of powers and responsibilities. Considering the lack of legislation in the state supervisory compensation system and the particularity of supervisory power, on the basis of seeking the two-way connection between the supervisory compensation system and the state compensation system, this paper discusses its legislative path and initially constructs the basic framework of the state supervisory compensation system, with a view to filling the legislative gap of the supervisory compensation system and realizing the theoretical perfection and innovation of the supervisory compensation system.

Keywords:: supervision and compensation, legal connection, legislative path system, construction of the rule of law, power restriction

Criminal rule of law

1. The expansion and response of subjectivism in criminal law legislation

Author: Xu Jing (master student of Southeast University)

Abstract: The first criminal law promulgated in 1979 adopted the behaviorism position, and the core of conviction and sentencing was the infringement of legal interests by behavior. Since the Criminal Law Amendment (VIII), the subjectivism position has appeared, and the behaviorism position has been unable to meet the needs of current judicial practice. Subjectivism takes the subjective danger of the actor as the standard of conviction and sentencing, and externalizes it into the danger shown by the actor’s repeated illegal and criminal acts. Promoting subjectivism in legislation is conducive to ensuring the basic rights of criminals on the basis of eliminating their social harm. Analyze the characteristics of subjectivism and objectivism, and adjust the content of criminal law legislation to make appropriate improvements according to the current criminal situation. The expansion of subjectivism adapts to the needs of society, and at the same time, it is necessary to analyze the specific situation, find and standardize the risks contained in the expansion of subjectivism, and take appropriate measures to resist the possible risks.

Keywords: subjectivist criminal law legislation on special preventive security measures against personal danger

2. Research on the phenomenon that the sentencing suggestion of pleading guilty and admitting punishment is not adopted.

Author: Dai Minmin (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: The establishment of the lenient system of pleading guilty and admitting punishment has had a certain impact on sentencing suggestions. The system of pleading guilty and lenient punishment has not changed the fundamental attribute of sentencing suggestions, and it still has the nature of suggestions, but the provisions of Article 201 of the Criminal Procedure Law make it binding on court decisions. The completely different views of the court and the procuratorate on sentencing suggestions further lead to the confusion in the adoption of sentencing suggestions in practice, which hinders the development of the system of pleading guilty and recognizing punishment. Through the empirical investigation of sentencing suggestions, it is found that the court’s adoption of sentencing suggestions mainly has some problems, such as inconsistent acceptance standards, violation of procedural regulations, and insufficient communication between the legal and procuratorial parties. On the premise of recognizing that sentencing suggestions are procedural powers and binding to some extent, it is suggested to improve them from three aspects: establishing a correct concept of power of prosecution and trial, refining examination standards and strengthening communication between law enforcement and prosecution.

Keywords: guilty plea, lenient punishment system, sentencing suggestion, not adopting the standard judicial procedure of reviewing the relationship between prosecution and trial

3. On the implementation of "the same case and the same sentence" in criminal cases

Author: Liu Meng (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Summary: "Same case and same sentence" in criminal cases refers to "the same treatment of similar cases", which is not only the inherent requirement of the fairness and justice value of law and the principle of clarity of criminal law, but also the inevitable trend of responding to judicial chaos and people’s demands. The discussion of the specific connotation of "the same case and the same sentence" should be carried out in the specific context of departmental law. For "the same case", the criterion in the conviction stage is the constitution of the crime, and the criterion in the sentencing stage is the main sentencing circumstances; For "same sentence", cases with the same crime constitution and the same sentencing circumstances should be punished with the same penalty, and the limitation of knowledge level and the existence of discretionary sentencing circumstances allow differentiated judgments. In order to realize "the same case and the same sentence", on the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the retrieval of similar cases in criminal justice, promote the compulsory retrieval mechanism of similar cases and the assistance of artificial intelligence to similar case retrieval; On the other hand, we should attach importance to the role of case guidance system in criminal justice, and at the same time, the local people’s courts should explicitly apply it when issuing guidance cases in the Supreme People’s Court.

Keywords: "the same case and the same sentence" in criminal cases, case retrieval, mandatory retrieval of big data case guidance system

4. Rebuilding the prosecution system of dealing with crimes only after telling them.

Author: Xu Yunjie (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: Looking at the current operation of the strict private prosecution system, there are some prominent problems, such as the lack of prosecution efficiency and improper intervention of public power. In essence, there is no conflict between the right of private prosecution and the right of state prosecution, and they are unified in protecting citizens’ rights. Therefore, removing the barriers of public prosecution and private prosecution and positioning the crime of handling only by telling as the nature of public prosecution will help solve the problem of functional failure and weak operation of strict private prosecution system. In order to overcome the infringement of private rights and the hard impact of state prosecution on social order, it is necessary to give full play to the horizontal supervision of power and the vertical restriction of rights at the same time, and to ensure the legitimacy of state prosecution and the autonomy of the exercise of rights through pre-trial meetings and granting citizens the right to self-determination. Reconstruct the dual prosecution mechanism with trial as the center and parallel public and private prosecution, respect the individual will of citizens on the basis of ensuring the effectiveness of the prosecution system, and connect with the criminal reconciliation system to form a complete and flexible relief system.

Keywords:: tell to deal with the crime of libel by public prosecution and private prosecution, and parallel public prosecution and private prosecution at the pre-trial meeting

5. Judicial Identification and Reflection on the Crime of Obstructing the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in the Form of Dual Crimes —— Taking 64 Judgment Documents as the Starting Point

Author: Liu Xiaoning (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: The basic crime of obstructing the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases has the dual criminal forms of specific dangerous crime and actual harmful crime. Based on the statistics and analysis of 64 judgment documents on the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases, there are four problems in the determination of dual crimes by judicial organs: first, the dilemma of distinguishing between "spread" and "serious danger"; Second, judging the logical misunderstanding; Thirdly, the emphasis on judging factors is only the result theory; Fourth, the tendency of abstract danger in identification. The above problems need to be solved from the theory of protecting the interests of the crime of preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Guided by the binary set theory of public health legal interests, the double serious danger rule can be used to distinguish "communication" from "serious danger" and "serious danger", and the binary result rule can be used for "communication".

Keywords: dual crime forms of the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases, specific dangerous crime, abstract dangerous crime and actual harmful crime, combining leniency with severity

6. The doctrinal analysis of criminal law on "raping abducted women"

Author: Wang Xuesong (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: The aggravated punishment for "raping a trafficked woman" is based on the fact that sexual assault under illegal control leads to the aggravation of illegality and responsibility; "Rape a trafficked woman" does not mean "rape a trafficked woman". The meaning of "rape" in the former is wider than that in the latter, but it does not include the sexual relationship between the perpetrator and the trafficked woman against the will of the woman, so "rape a trafficked woman" is not a joint crime in the strict sense. The criminal law amendment (11) supplements the aggravated circumstances of rape, which further makes the theory of "combined punishment for several crimes" against the act of "raping and abducting young girls" lose its rationality, and the only reasonable way is to explain "women" in substance; Whoever buys a trafficked woman and forcibly has sex with her and then sells it shall be punished as the crime of abducting and selling women and children; The participation of many people in "raping trafficked women" should be analyzed according to the theory of causal accomplice.

Keywords: rape and trafficking of women, rape of young girls, wrong motives, crime of trafficking in women and children causal accomplice

7. Analysis of criminal responsibility for stealing and digging black soil.

Author: Wang Xiaoli (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: Due to the lack of protection of black soil resources in China’s laws at present, there is a serious problem of different judgments on unauthorized soil mining in judicial practice. The application of the crime of illegal mining is suspected of violating the principle of a legally prescribed punishment for a crime. The application of the crime of illegal occupation of agricultural land cannot deal with the situation of legal occupation of land, and the sale of black soil does not belong to "illegal operation". Forced application will aggravate the "pocketing" of the crime of illegal operation. Black soil belongs to state-owned resources, and the act of stealing and digging black soil violates the state’s ownership of black soil resources, which conforms to the constitutive requirements of theft. Under the existing legislative framework, it should be evaluated as theft.

Keywords:: the crime of stealing and digging black soil mineral resources, illegal mining and theft constitute criminal responsibility

8. The applicable limits of the crime of infringing on the reputation and honor of heroic martyrs

Author: Unique (Master’s degree candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Summary: The Criminal Law Amendment (11) adds one of the 299th articles of the Criminal Law to the crime of infringing on the reputation and honor of heroic martyrs. It is not appropriate to abuse "insulting heroes and heroes" as the reason for the crime: among the elements of illegality, "heroic martyrs" should be interpreted restrictively and cannot become "heroic martyrs" in criminal law without the approval of competent authorities. The strong subjective condemnation of inappropriate speech is not the standard of "serious circumstances" Based on the particularity of network order, real social order and network order should not be confused when convicted; We should give full play to the important role of pre-law in governing the network environment, so it is not appropriate to establish the crime of infringing on the reputation and honor of heroic martyrs by publishing inappropriate comments about public figures on online social platforms.

Keywords:: the crime of infringing on the honor of heroic martyrs, the amendment to the criminal law, and the interpretation of the restriction of freedom of speech in honor infringement

9. Advocating the diversification of online fraud.

Author: Gong Wenbo (researcher, Research Center for Network Security and Rule of Law, Southeast University)

Abstract: With the development of network technology, online fraud in the web3.0 era has gradually shown the characteristics of large time and space span, non-contact, rapid spread and large number of people involved, which are different from traditional fraud. However, China still adopts the same way as traditional fraud, taking the amount as a single conviction standard, without combining the characteristics of online fraud, resulting in a high crime rate and a low conviction rate. At the same time, because online fraud only occurs in cyberspace, the transfer of crime sites does not change the nature of the behavior, and it is still necessary to invoke fraud to regulate online fraud. Reasonable demarcation of the judicial application boundary of online fraud should make the constitutive elements of online fraud diversified while keeping the amount of online fraud consistent with that of traditional fraud.

Keywords:: crime of fraud, network fraud, upgrading and cracking down on judicial application, constitutive requirements and conviction criteria

10. The legal interest structure and development of the crime of illegal business operation

Author: Zong Shaohao (Special Research Fellow, Anti-corruption and Rule of Law Research Center, Southeast University)

Abstract: The "pocketing" trend of the crime of illegal business operation originates from the judicial level, and the core lies in the improper definition of the content of legal interests. The traditional theory of order or system violates the principle of proportionality, deviates from the content of the principle of legal interest protection, and lacks substantive interests, which is no longer applicable to the current market economic system; The recent monistic theory of legal interest ignores the role of suprapersonal legal interest, and the deduced relationship and even the rank relationship advocated by it are unreasonable, which is inconsistent with the socialization trend of legal interest and makes the independence of the crime doubtful, which is not a reasonable conclusion of legal interest interpretation. The dual theory of legal interests, which is also a humanistic view of legal interests, is worth advocating. On this basis, the protection interest of the crime of illegal business operation should be the security of market economy, and it is necessary to refer to the legal interest established by the previous law to form a more accurate content of the lower security interest in the case. Subsequently, we should adopt the method of "formal incrimination standard+substantive incrimination standard" to scientifically judge whether it has reached the legal interest infringement worthy of punishment.

Keywords: "Pocket-oriented" dual legal interest theory of the crime of illegal business operation is beyond personal legal interest, and the essence of market economic security is guilty.

11. Judicial determination of the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information in the era of civil code

Author: Wang Siqi (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: The arrival of the era of civil code provides a strong pre-legal basis for the judicial determination of the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information. In order to ensure the unity of legal order, on the premise that the personality right of the civil code is compiled independently and the protection of personal information is absorbed in it, the identification of the criminal object of the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information should be affected accordingly, and the concept definition should adopt the identification theory. At the same time, the "explicit consent" rule stipulated in the civil code should have an impact on the identification of the criminal object of this crime, and it should tend to identify the legal interests infringed by the crime of infringing on personal information as personal legal interests rather than super-personal legal interests. Finally, in terms of the objective identification of crime, the promulgation of the Civil Code will have an impact on the definition of the scope of "violation of relevant state regulations" and bring enlightenment to whether "illegal use of information" should be criminalized.

Keywords: the identification theory of the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information clearly agrees with the judicial identification of the theory of super-personal legal interests

12. Qualitative research on criminal law of stealing network virtual property.

Author: Li Yinyong (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: There is a dispute between the regulation theory of property crime and the regulation theory of data crime about the criminal law nature of stealing virtual property on the Internet. In the field of pre-law, the property of virtual property, which straddles the binary system of property and debt, will inevitably be linked with the characterization of behavior in criminal law. Interpreting virtual property as "property" in property crimes is actually an explanation of the principle of legality violation under the motivation of strengthening the protection of online virtual property interests, and it is realized by replacing the concept of "property" with the concept of "commodity" and "legal interest" with "interest" in criminal law. Restoring network virtual property belongs to the performance certificate of internet contract and the fact that the field of virtual property is different from the real world. Constructing an explanation path with legal interests as the guide, constitutive requirements as the core and the principle of suiting crime to punishment can lead to the rationality of regulating the theft of network virtual property by data crimes.

Keywords: stealing network virtual property, property data, legal interests, crime possessing property interests

Civil rule of law

1. On the effectiveness of the parties’ agreement to attach property rights.

Author: Huang Chenyu (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: Throughout the case of the execution of objections by outsiders such as Heshan Zhujiang Rural Bank and Guoshang Company, the core issue of the case lies in whether the ownership of the legal attachment can be decided in advance and the influence of the increase in the value of the mortgaged property due to the attachment on the scope of the mortgagee’s exercise of the mortgage. Now, the latter point has been solved by Article 41 of the Civil Code Interpretation of Guarantee System, which has changed its rules and is more reasonable and fair. That is, when the value of collateral changes due to attachment, the effective scope of mortgage is no longer linked to the ownership status of the attachment as in Article 62 of the original Interpretation of Guarantee Law, but only to the value of the original mortgage. However, the first dispute, that is, when the parties have an agreement, what is the ownership of the attachment after the movable property is attached to the real estate, and what kind of explanation should be made for the nature of the attachment behavior, has not been answered under the background of different judgments and incomplete reasoning of the two courts, and the real value is further studied.

Keywords: the ownership of the attached property right, the compulsory and arbitrary mortgage agreed by the parties

2. Research on the risk-taking system in the Civil Code.

Author: Ding Dairui (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: The risk-taking system stipulated in Article 1176 of the Civil Code is the first statutory exemption for "all-cause or nothing" in China’s tort law system, which has important practical significance. It is worthy of recognition that the establishment of the voluntary risk-taking system is helpful to improve judicial efficiency, encourage people to actively participate in cultural and sports activities and improve people’s physical fitness. However, there are some problems in the establishment of this system that need to be improved as soon as possible. The loopholes in the application of rules should be improved as soon as possible, and the responsibility between the victim and the offender or between the victim and the organizer should be handled with fairer and more reasonable rules, so as to better realize the original intention of the voluntary risk-taking system. Strictly limiting the scope of application, applying the principle of fault offset and stipulating the rules of victim consent can make this system more perfect.

Keywords:: willing to take risks, judicial efficiency, balance of interests, exemption, negligence and victim’s consent

3. On the legal review of the right of data portability

Author: Ma Jinfei (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: Under the situation of data monopoly, new enterprises often face many barriers to entry from law, technology and market, and the data monopolist can take advantage of its dominant market position to take a series of improper behaviors such as compulsory incompatibility, price discrimination and excessive collection of user privacy. At present, the European Union takes the lead in adopting the data portability right, and by giving the data subject the right to personal information, it explores a new way to indirectly regulate the data monopoly. However, there are some problems in the three aspects of "data portability right", such as data security risks, weak interoperability and the possibility of over-regulation, which need to be identified and prevented when we introduce it. In the current situation, it is not appropriate to directly stipulate the data portability right in the personal information protection law, but we should strengthen the theoretical research on the data portability right and the construction of supporting systems. When the conditions are ripe, we can explore adding the relevant provisions of "data portability right" in the form of legal amendment. When joining this clause, we should pay attention to joining the exemption system for small and medium-sized enterprises, expanding the scope of data subjects and strengthening the connection with other laws.

Keywords: personal information protection, data portability, general data protection regulations, data monopoly, data access convergence

4. Research on the legal issues of short video platform applying the safe haven principle.

Author: Yang Yun (Master candidate, Southeast University Law School)

Abstract: With the development of Internet technology, users gradually break the time and space constraints for entertainment consumption. In this context, the short video communication mode came into being. The low threshold of short video production not only greatly inspired the creative enthusiasm of the public, but also brought huge economic benefits to the platform. However, with the sinking of the market, the quality of short video content becomes more and more difficult to guarantee, and the phenomenon of copyright infringement such as video handling between users becomes more and more serious. In this regard, the obligee thinks that the platform’s duty of care should be increased, so that it can’t enjoy the traffic bonus brought by short videos while using the "notification-removal" procedure to easily enter the "safe haven". However, short video platforms often refuse to bear the responsibility of being triggered by users uploading infringing short videos themselves on the grounds that they have no obligation to review the legality of copyright. In view of the conflict of interests between the two parties, how to apply the safe haven principle to better reconcile the demands of both parties has become an urgent problem to be solved at present.

Keywords: short video safe haven principle duty of care "notice-delete" platform Internet

5. On the duty of care of Internet service providers in copyright infringement.

Author: Qiu Rong (Master candidate, School of International Law, East China University of Political Science and Law)

Abstract: Duty of care is an important factor to judge whether network service providers need to bear indirect tort liability, and the establishment of its connotation and applicable standards is very important for copyright protection in the network environment. When setting the duty of care of network service providers, we should base on the principle of balance of interests, clarify the functional orientation of the duty of care of network service providers in China’s copyright law, and at the same time, we should comprehensively consider the types of network service providers, tort, infringing objects and non-neutral behaviors of network service providers and other factors that affect the applicable standards of duty of care. On this basis, we should promote the construction of the standard of duty of care of network service providers, and clearly set the duty of care of network service providers at different stages of infringement, so as to further protect the rights and interests of copyright owners and the public, and create a harmonious society.

Keywords: Internet service providers’ duty of care for infringement, balance of interests of applicable standards of copyright

Shangguan author: Shanghai Law Society

　　The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee made important arrangements for the new urbanization strategy, and proposed to "adhere to the implementation of major regional strategies, regional coordinated development strategies, and main functional area strategies, improve the system and mechanism of regional coordinated development, improve the new urbanization strategy, and build a high-quality land spatial layout and support system", especially pointing out that it is necessary to "promote the new urbanization with people as the core". Promoting the new urbanization with people as the core is the concrete embodiment of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s basic strategy of adhering to the people as the center in the urbanization work in the new era, which we should deeply understand and conscientiously implement.

　　Urban planning should adhere to the all-round progress of society and the all-round development of people

　　Throughout the development of human society, urbanization is an insurmountable stage for a country to modernize. In the development of a country, industrialization and urbanization often accompany each other and promote each other. The objective law of economic development determines that industry and population are concentrated in advantageous areas, and economy and factors are concentrated in cities and towns. This concentration and aggregation can produce a "multiplier effect", which is conducive to improving productivity and creating more material wealth. This objective economic law makes people realize that urbanization is an important driving force for economic development, and then make urban planning from the perspective of economic development. It cannot be ignored that urbanization is an important driving force for economic development, but it is not the ultimate goal of economic development. The ultimate goal of economic development is to let people live a good life. Therefore, to promote new urbanization with people as the center, urban planning should adhere to the all-round progress of society and the all-round development of people.

　　All-round social progress and all-round human development are two sides of the same problem. Marx pointed out in the Outline of Feuerbach that "the essence of human beings is not an abstract thing inherent in a single person, but in reality, it is the sum of all social relations". Social relations are precisely formed by people in the process of production and life. In this sense, all-round social progress and all-round human development are interdependent and mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, all-round social progress provides the premise and foundation for all-round development of human beings, on the other hand, all-round development of human beings is a necessary condition for all-round social progress. Adhering to the all-round progress of society and the all-round development of people means persisting in taking the people as the center. Specifically, in urban planning, we should focus on the concrete embodiment of the main social contradictions in urbanization in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, promote the overall layout of "five in one" and the strategic layout of "four comprehensive" as a whole, firmly establish a new development concept, and adhere to the new urbanization road with China characteristics, which is people-oriented, synchronized with the four modernizations, optimized layout, ecological civilization and cultural inheritance.

　　Urban planning should be guided by the idea of ecological civilization and the overall concept of national security

　　Cities are symbols of human civilization and represent the height of civilization. In the era of agricultural civilization, human beings began to migrate to cities, and this migration was accelerated in the era of industrial civilization. In the process of urbanization in China, influenced by the concept of industrial civilized city, there is a problem of ignoring the construction of ecological civilization, which leads to the construction of ecological civilization in some places becoming a prominent shortcoming. On the one hand, the production capacity of industrial products and services is expanding, on the other hand, the ability to provide high-quality ecology is weakening. In response to this phenomenon, the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "man and nature are a symbiotic relationship, and the harm to nature will eventually hurt mankind itself". Practice has repeatedly proved that the urban planning led by industrial civilization, due to insufficient attention to ecology, eventually caused harm to people and hurt people’s safety, the purpose of national security.

　　To persist in taking people as the center and promote new urbanization, we must adhere to the guidance of ecological civilization and overall national security concept in urban planning. To build a livable city, we must adhere to the idea of ecological civilization, adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and regard the city as an organic life. Urban planning should not only respect the laws of economy, society and urban and rural development, but also pay attention to the laws of nature. It is necessary to delimit the red line of ecological protection and the boundary of urban development to reserve space for sustainable development. To build a resilient city, we must adhere to the overall national security concept and pay special attention to the economic security, cultural security, social security, ecological security and resource security of the city. It is necessary to avoid the scale and speed of urban construction exceeding financial resources, thus accumulating financial and financial risks. It is necessary to maintain the soul of the city, inherit our national culture and continue the historical context of the city. We should pay attention to the security and stability problems brought about by population mobility, changes in social structure and diversification of interest demands in the process of urbanization, and improve the modernization level of urban governance. It is necessary to set up necessary ecological security barriers, delimit and strictly observe the ecological red line. We should vigorously economize and intensively use resources and form a green development mode and lifestyle.

　　Urban development should take people’s life safety and health as the basic goal.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out, "If the goal of urbanization is correct and the direction is right, a new path can be found, which will help to release the huge potential of domestic demand, improve labor productivity, crack the dual structure of urban and rural areas, promote social equity and common prosperity, and the world economy and ecological environment will also benefit from it." This passage profoundly points out the importance of urban development goals, which is related to how to take the new urbanization road.

　　In the process of urbanization, there is a lesson that our goals are biased. In some places, the urbanization rate is pursued unilaterally, and it is a hard task to improve the urbanization rate in the statistical sense, relying on administrative orders to increase the number. For example, many places blindly build a large number of new towns and districts, and as a result, no one comes, thus accumulating a lot of contradictions and problems. For another example, in some places, when promoting the urbanization of agricultural transfer population, they did not respect the wishes of farmers and demolished rural houses regardless of conditions, which had a very bad social impact. Facts have proved that urbanization is a natural historical process and a process of economic and social development. We must proceed from the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism and take people’s life safety and health as the basic goal.

　　Taking people’s life safety and health as the basic goal, we must earnestly achieve "people first, life first, and protect people’s life safety and health at all costs." There are many urban development goals, such as economic development goals, social development goals, infrastructure construction goals, regional coordination and urban-rural integration development goals. Taking people’s life safety and health as the basic goal of urban development is not to ignore other development goals, but to obey the basic goal of serving people’s life safety and health when setting other development goals. When other development goals conflict with the basic goals, we should adhere to the priority of the basic goals and appropriately revise other development goals.

　　Overall planning of urban layout should effectively meet people’s needs

　　Marxism holds that material production activities and modes of production are the basis for the existence and development of human society and the primary premise of all other human activities. This foundation and primary premise is precisely to "produce materials that meet these needs (food, clothing and shelter)". It is not difficult to see that the fundamental purpose of human activities is to meet people’s practical needs. To promote a new type of urbanization with people as the core, we must also effectively meet the practical needs of the people. In this regard, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "urban development should not only consider economies of scale, but also put ecology and safety in a more prominent position, and coordinate the economic needs, living needs, ecological needs and safety needs of urban layout".

　　First of all, coordinating economic needs is the basis of promoting new urbanization with people as the core. The formation of modern cities stems from the huge demand for labor force from the development of machinery industry, which shows that economic needs are the basis of urbanization. How to meet the people’s economic needs, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward: "The key for people to settle down in cities is to cultivate and develop distinctive urban industrial systems according to urban resource endowments, strengthen specialized division of labor and cooperation among cities, and enhance the industrial undertaking capacity of small and medium-sized cities, especially to increase the proportion of service industries, enhance urban innovation capabilities, and create a good employment and living environment." Secondly, coordinating life needs is the goal of promoting new urbanization with people as the core. The fundamental goal of promoting new urbanization with people as the core is to meet people’s living needs. To meet the needs of life, we must actively promote the citizenization of agricultural transfer population and ensure that we enjoy the same rights and fulfill the same obligations as urban residents. Improve urban functions in an all-round way, improve the level of urban public services, increase the supply of public services, and enhance the ability to support population agglomeration and services. Thirdly, coordinating ecological needs is the condition for promoting new urbanization with people as the core. Urbanization is restricted by natural conditions, carrying capacity of resources and environment, and the level of economic and social development. Meeting people’s ecological needs can not only provide people with more high-quality ecological products, but also provide natural conditions and resource and environmental conditions for new urbanization with people as the core. Finally, coordinating security needs is the guarantee of promoting new urbanization with people as the core.According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, once people’s basic physiological needs are met, security needs will become the most important needs. Prosperity and security are the most basic and universal aspirations of the people. Without security and stability, nothing can be said. Only when the society remains safe and stable can we better promote the new urbanization with people as the core.

　　At the historical intersection of "two hundred years", the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward a perfect new urbanization strategy with people as the core, and the "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the 14th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target for the Year 2035" reviewed and adopted put forward substantial urban planning and construction management contents. As long as the whole party and people of all ethnic groups closely unite around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and work hard with one heart and one mind, we will certainly be able to better promote the new urbanization with people as the core and provide people with a healthier, safer and more livable high-quality living space!

　　(The author is a researcher at Tianjin University of Science and Technology Base, Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center, Tianjin)

　　CCTV News:"Wuhan Release" WeChat WeChat official account News, June 30, 0— At 24: 00, Wuhan found 2 asymptomatic infected people in Covid-19 during routine screening of closed-loop management staff of overseas cargo flights. The relevant information is hereby notified as follows:

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 1: Engaged in the cargo handling of overseas cargo flights at the airport, belonging to high-risk positions, and transferred to isolated hotels for centralized residence after work. When the key personnel were found to be positive in routine nucleic acid detection, they were immediately transported to Jinyintan Hospital, and were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people according to their clinical manifestations.

　　Asymptomatic Infected Person 2: Engaged in overseas cargo flight agency work at the airport, belonging to high-risk employees, and transferred to isolated hotels for centralized residence after work. When the key personnel were found to be positive in routine nucleic acid detection, they were immediately transported to Jinyintan Hospital, and were diagnosed as asymptomatic infected people according to their clinical manifestations.

　　Asymptomatic infected persons 1 and 2 participated in the cargo loading and unloading of an overseas cargo flight on June 26, and had a history of common exposure. There is no social activity track in Wuhan. Other exposed personnel in epidemic-related places are all under isolation control, and measures such as external environment detection and disinfection have been implemented in key areas. As of 24: 00 on June 30, 199 people exposed to other epidemic sites were tested for nucleic acid, and the results were all negative; 145 samples from the environment outside the epidemic site were collected, and the results of nucleic acid detection were all negative; 16,954 other staff members in the whole airport were tested for nucleic acid, and all the results were negative.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, July 13th 　Title: Change, evolution, risk accumulation, tide and mighty training of new machines — — Scanning the international situation in the middle of the year

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　Looking back on the first half of the year, it seems that the accelerated evolution of the world situation is always impacting the nerves of the world. The United States continues to create camp confrontation on a global scale, and the Ukrainian crisis is in a long-term trend. The global economy is facing the test of low growth, and the trend of "dollarization" of the international monetary system is becoming more and more obvious. Extreme high temperatures are widespread in the northern hemisphere, warning that it is more urgent to deal with climate change. At the same time, the new development of artificial intelligence technology has driven a new round of scientific and technological revolution and accelerated industrial transformation.

　　A "wave of reconciliation" has set off in the Middle East, and developing countries have rapidly awakened their sense of autonomy and become more active in the international arena. At the same time, China’s diplomacy has pressed the "acceleration button" to inject more certainty and positive energy into the turbulent and changing world.

　　The United States continues to push up the risk of "new cold war"

　　At present, the domestic political polarization in the United States is getting worse and worse, and the social tear is getting worse and worse. The U.S. government attempts to pass on the domestic crisis by creating camp confrontation in the international arena, and continuously pushes up the risk that the world will fall into a "new cold war."

　　Since the beginning of this year, in order to safeguard hegemonic self-interest, the United States has continued to delay the war in Ukraine, forced Japan-ROK relations, and promoted military cooperation between the United States, Britain and Australia, with the intention of disrupting peace and stability in Asia, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region; In Africa, Latin America, South Pacific and other regions, the United States constantly exaggerates the tense atmosphere and undermines normal economic and trade cooperation by "exclusive" means.

　　The United States has gone further and further along the road of suppressing China in all directions: it continues to implement "decoupling and breaking the chain" with China, especially in the field of science and technology, in order to reduce China’s development space in the frontier science and technology field; In order to cover up the intention of "decoupling", the so-called "de-risk" rhetoric is thrown out, the essence of which is to change the old wine in new bottles without changing the medicine; In the Taiwan Strait and the South China Sea, it has repeatedly provoked confrontation, hollowed out the one-China principle, and continuously strengthened the US military’s presence in the South China Sea.

　　Yan Li, executive director of the Institute of World Politics of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, pointed out that senior American officials also put forward the "New Washington Consensus" in an attempt to find a solution to contain China from the institutional level. Li Zheng, an associate researcher at the American Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, noted that the US government has taken measures to curb China in key raw materials, emerging technologies, markets, standard setting and other fields, and attempted to coordinate and promote it on a global scale.

　　In the first half of the year, the United States openly coerced the European Union and other allies to restrict the export of semiconductor production equipment to China; At the G-7 summit, the United States showed no respect for its allies, which made the international community see more clearly that the so-called G-7 was actually "1+6". The United States will mercilessly "harvest" its allies when necessary.

　　The actions of the United States show that this declining superpower is still trying to maximize its own self-interest by relying on its economic strength, which accounts for more than 20% of global GDP, and occupy the leading position in terms of rules, standards and discourse power. This hegemonic logic has been widely resisted around the world.

　　Richard haas, former president of the American Council on Foreign Relations, who has served in the US government and security agencies for a long time, pointed out a few days ago that the real danger of the United States is at home, and the most serious threat to world security at present is the United States itself.

　　Ukraine’s crisis has been expanding for a long time.

　　Since the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, the attack and defense between Russia and Ukraine have been carried out alternately. Recently, the Ukrainian army began a partial counterattack. The Russian side stated that the Ukrainian armed forces suffered heavy losses. Russian President Vladimir Putin pointed out that the war damage of the Ukrainian army shows that western countries intend to fight Russia to the last Ukrainian.

　　The delay of the conflict has brought more disasters to the local people’s livelihood. The destruction of Kahovka Hydropower Station has affected the production and life of 1.4 million people.

　　It is worth noting that the United States and the West have repeatedly broken through their own commitments and continuously improved the performance of aid weapons to Ukraine. At first, they only provided helmets and individual anti-tank missiles, and now they have begun to provide NATO active main battle tanks and armored vehicles, and then depleted uranium bombs and cluster bombs. Even on the issue of aid to Uzbekistan for F-16 fighters, there are signs of letting go.

　　Han Lu, deputy director of the Eurasian Institute of China Institute of International Studies, said that while sending deadly weapons to the battlefield in Ukraine, the United States tried its best to pour fuel on the fire, while at the same time openly and secretly obstructing persuasion and promoting talks, in an attempt to achieve "killing two birds with one stone", that is, preventing the EU from achieving strategic autonomy and continuing to consume and suppress Russia.

　　The Russian economy has shown resilience under the pressure of western sanctions. According to official data, Russia’s current inflation level and debt-to-GDP ratio are lower than those of many western countries, and the unemployment rate remains at a low level. Trade between Russia and many countries in South Asia, the Middle East and Europe has continued to grow substantially. Western public opinion admits that the Russian economy "successfully withstood the unprecedented severe sanctions in the West".

　　On the one hand, the United States and the West added fuel to the fire, on the other hand, the vast number of developing countries generally refused to take sides, and the trend of multipolarization for peace, development and cooperation became more and more powerful.

　　Many countries in the world are facing the challenge of "low growth"

　　At the end of last year and the beginning of this year, many international institutions predicted that the global economy would fall into recession and high inflation this year. Recently, the World Bank and the United Nations raised their global economic growth forecasts to 2.1% and 2.3% respectively, indicating that the global economy may be more optimistic than expected in the past six months.

　　However, low growth is still a severe challenge that many countries in the world need to deal with urgently. The World Bank believes that the overall growth of the global economy is expected to be weak this year and next, except for the outstanding performance of individual economies. Jill, chief economist of the World Bank, said that the global economy is in an "unstable" state, and economic growth in many regions can hardly meet the needs of social development except East Asia and South Asia. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development also believes that global economic growth is on a "long and tortuous road".

　　The dilemma of global economic growth is caused by the superposition and interweaving of multiple factors. Zhang Yuncheng, director of the Institute of World Economics of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, believes that from a cyclical perspective, the global economy is in a long-term downward phase; From the perspective of economic order, in order to maintain its hegemonic position, the United States has created artificial confrontation and disrupted the normal operation of the global economy.

　　Zhang Yuncheng said that the logic of world economic development has undergone major changes. The logic of politics and security is rapidly surpassing the logic of economy and market. The phenomenon of politicization, instrumentalization and weaponization of economic factors has intensified. The supply chain of industrial chain has been partially dismantled and reconstructed, and the global economic governance system has shown signs of fragmentation.

　　The trend of "dollarization" is more obvious.

　　In the first half of the year, a number of American banks, such as Silicon Valley Bank, successively "thundered" and the US federal government debt ceiling crisis was staged again, which aroused global concern and aggravated the world’s concerns about US financial security and distrust of the US dollar.

　　Sun Lipeng, an associate researcher at the American Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, and other interviewed experts believe that bank failures have further exposed systemic risks such as poor supervision of the US financial system and balance sheet mismatch under the background of the Fed’s interest rate hike, and also reflected the anti-mite effect of dollar hegemony on the US economy. In addition, the drama of the US government debt ceiling crisis keeps repeating itself, which continuously consumes the value of US dollar assets such as US government credit and US debt, further exacerbating the world’s distrust of the US dollar.

　　Analysts pointed out that the global "dollarization" process "has inevitably begun". During the first half of the year, Chinese and French oil giants completed the first cross-border RMB settlement transaction of natural gas, Brazil announced that it would settle its trade with China in local currency, India and Malaysia agreed to settle its trade in Indian Rupee, ASEAN member countries agreed to strengthen the use of local currency, and many countries signed various types of local currency swap agreements … …

　　A series of facts show that many countries are seeking to reduce their dependence on the US dollar and establish a financial settlement system with high efficiency, low risk and no influence from the US dollar. The diversification of the international monetary system continues to evolve on a global scale, and currencies other than the US dollar are increasingly used in international trade and investment.

　　Extreme weather warning is urgent to deal with climate change.

　　Affected by global climate change and other factors, extreme high temperature weather and severe floods frequently occur in North America, South Asia, Europe and other regions. Some international scientific research institutions predict that the possibility of record-breaking heat waves in Spain, Portugal and other countries this year will "increase by at least 100 times".

　　In recent years, the signs of global warming have become more and more obvious. Glacier melting is accelerating, frozen soil range is decreasing, sea level is rising, and extreme weather events in many countries and places appear frequent and strong trend … … Climate change has an increasingly significant impact on the earth’s ecosystem, bringing new risks to human health, production and life.

　　United Nations Secretary-General Guterres has warned that the earth is rapidly approaching the critical point of climate change, and it is urgent for the international community to jointly address climate change. On Earth Day on April 22 this year, Guterres once again called on the international community to speed up climate action.

　　Developed countries have a historical responsibility for global climate change, so they should take the lead in drastically reducing emissions and fill the promised funding gap of $100 billion annually in climate financing as soon as possible. A study published in the British journal Nature and Sustainable Development in June this year shows that about 90% of the world’s excess carbon emissions come from developed countries such as the United States, and these developed countries should pay compensation to low-carbon emitting countries, so as to ensure that the relevant goals of tackling climate change can be achieved.

　　Congo (Brazzaville) President Sassou recently pointed out that the commitment of developed countries to provide 100 billion US dollars a year to help developing countries cope with climate change has never been fulfilled since it was established in 2009.

　　Many countries set off a new round of artificial intelligence competition.

　　At the beginning of this year, the "super power" performance of generative artificial intelligence in content creation and human-computer interaction made people really feel that "the future has come".

　　Artificial intelligence technology, represented by generative artificial intelligence, large model and embodied intelligence, will revolutionize the face of media, film and television, intelligent manufacturing, e-commerce and e-sports, biopharmaceuticals and other industries. The report of McKinsey, a multinational consulting company, predicts that the extensive application of generative artificial intelligence technology will bring at least 2.6 trillion to 4.4 trillion US dollars of growth to the global economy every year, and the annual contribution to the economy is "equivalent to a UK".

　　Multinational technology giants are competing to increase investment in artificial intelligence research and development and accelerate the integration of their products and artificial intelligence applications. Google released a new generation of dialogue AI system, Microsoft released a search engine and browser integrated with ChatGPT, and NVIDIA, the leader of artificial intelligence chips, announced the launch of a series of new products and services related to artificial intelligence, covering robot design, game functions, advertising services and other fields.

　　A report released by China Institute of Science and Technology Information recently shows that at present, the artificial intelligence model in China is developing vigorously. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of May this year, about 80 large-scale models with parameters above 1 billion have been released nationwide. In terms of the distribution of the released large models in the world, China and the United States are far ahead, accounting for more than 80% of the global total.

　　With the development of artificial intelligence in full swing, the impact of this technology on human society in employment and privacy protection has caused more concern, and the call for setting up a "guardrail" for the development of artificial intelligence has become increasingly widespread.

　　Developing countries are surging with the trend of unity and self-improvement.

　　In the Middle East, Saudi Arabia and Iran resumed diplomatic relations under the mediation of China, the relations between the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Qatar were normalized, and Syria returned to the League of Arab States … … This region, which has been in turmoil for a long time because of external hegemonic interference, has set off a "wave of reconciliation", and seeking peace, development and anti-interference has become the aspiration and general trend of regional countries.

　　In South America, Brazilian President Lula shouted: "We have no time to waste, and South America should once again embark on the road of unity." The leaders of South American countries recently gathered in Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, to achieve a long-lost "happy reunion". The participating parties issued a consensus document on strengthening regional cooperation and accelerating South American integration.

　　In the Asia-Pacific region, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement has come into full force for 10 ASEAN countries and 15 signatory countries including Australia, China, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand, which has injected new impetus into regional economic integration and will comprehensively enhance the level of regional trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.

　　In Africa, the negotiation of the continental free trade area agreement is progressing steadily, which is expected to accelerate the industrialization of Africa. The latest report shows that China-Africa trade has recovered strongly, and more and more products with African characteristics, such as Kenyan wild anchovy, Madagascar essential oil, Zambian precious stones and Zimbabwean woodcarving, have entered the China market.

　　The BRICS cooperation mechanism has been widely recognized and supported by the international community, and many countries such as Bangladesh, Egypt and Nigeria have applied for membership. Cuban president Dí az-Canel said that the BRICS countries’ defense of multipolarization and multilateralism "is providing the possibility for establishing a more just and global international economic order". The Shanghai Cooperation Organization officially accepted Iran as a member of the SCO and approved the signing of a memorandum on Belarus’ obligation to join the SCO. The development of the SCO has injected more certainty and positive energy into the turbulent world.

　　Contribute China’s strength to building a better world

　　In the face of a turbulent and changing world, China has always advocated win-win cooperation and coexistence, persisted in coping with risks and challenges through development, and practiced being a responsible big country. The global security initiative, global development initiative and global civilization initiative put forward by China point out the direction, build consensus and gather strength to solve the common problems faced by mankind.

　　China points out a new path for maintaining global security. Since the beginning of this year, from the official release of the Concept Paper of the Global Security Initiative to the successful resumption of diplomatic relations between Shay and China, and then to the mediation and promotion of talks on the Ukrainian crisis, has provided ideological enlightenment for solving the global "security deficit" and brought positive energy of "promoting peace" to the world through solid actions. Weng Shijie, chairman of the Asia-Pacific "Belt and Road Initiative", said that the global security initiative proposed by China fills the gap in the global security architecture and represents the power of justice in contemporary global security governance. Falgiani, an Egyptian sinologist, said that China’s initiative and plan pointed out the path for building a more just and reasonable world.

　　China injects positive energy into promoting world development. "Half of the 32 practical measures have been implemented or achieved early results" and "nearly 40 developing countries are benefiting from them" … … The Progress Report on the Implementation of Global Development Initiatives released in Beijing a few days ago shows that China’s series of pragmatic measures to promote global development initiatives have brought tangible benefits to all countries, especially developing countries. Kang Bosi, representative of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization in China, said that China’s global development initiative has brought hope for solving global challenges and the development needs of developing countries.

　　With the global economic outlook depressed, China’s economy has rebounded to a good trend this year. The high-quality development of China’s economy has provided the world with more advanced technologies and broad markets, and also injected more confidence into the world to get out of the low tide of economic growth as soon as possible. Schwab, chairman of the World Economic Forum, said: "The whole world has benefited from the development of China."

　　China offers a new plan to promote the progress of human civilization. In March this year, China first proposed the Global Civilization Initiative and played a new movement of dialogue among human civilizations. This important initiative advocates transcending the barriers between civilizations, learning from each other, and transcending the superiority of civilizations, which further enriches and expands the practical path of building a community of human destiny. This year, China invited Central Asian countries to participate in the "Cultural Silk Road" plan and accelerate the establishment of cultural centers; Officially launched the Arabic international version of the "Monkey King Series" series, and the Arabic version of the hit drama Minning Town about counterpart poverty alleviation work has been broadcast in Arab countries such as Sudan and Egypt; After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Honduras, Sino-Honduran archaeological cooperation ushered in a new chapter … … Many people believe that China’s initiative on global civilization will strongly promote the exchange and mutual learning of global civilizations and help build a community of human destiny. (Reporter Han Bing, Liu Chen, Liu Haiyan, Li Jie, Zhang Ying)

　　Cctv news(Reporter: Li Shanshan, Liu Wei, Zhang Ke, Meng Lizhen, Yu Xiaodan): "Inform the medical staff to get ready!"

　　At 6: 33 pm on June 18th, a professional medical helicopter landed on the tarmac near Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital. The 56-year-old Liu was lying on a stretcher and escorted off the plane by medical staff.

　　Because of his serious injury, he was transferred from Changning County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine for further treatment. This is the most critical injured person admitted to Changning County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine within 20 hours after the earthquake.

　　At 22: 55 on June 17th, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred in Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province. As of press time, the earthquake has caused 13 deaths and 211 injuries.　

　　How many people, a sleepless night!

　　CCTV reporters contacted several witnesses of the earthquake — — They are the children’s mothers, grandmothers’ grandsons, teachers of students, and rescuers who braved the aftershocks to rush to the disaster area at the first time … … The early warning sounded, and the sky shook. At that moment, some of them rushed out with their infant children, while others overcame their fears and chose to stay.

　　"Grandma is lying in bed, always telling me to run by myself, and I am crying!"

　　Xiaoning, 25, was in Zhenxingyuan Community, Cuiping District, Yibin when the earthquake occurred.

　　Two days ago, I went home to visit my grandmother because she was not feeling well, but I didn’t expect to catch up with the earthquake. At that time, I was watching TV at home. At about 22:55, I suddenly felt a violent shake and the chandelier in the living room fell.

　　My heart thumped a panic, the earthquake!

　　At that time, my parents went to my grandmother’s house, and only my grandmother and I were at home. I quickly ran to the bedroom, planning to take grandma with me to escape.

　　Grandma is paralyzed in bed and weighs more than 130 Jin, while I only weigh 100 Jin. I tried to carry my grandmother twice, but it didn’t work. At that time, my legs were weak and my brain was almost blank. I was really desperate and afraid of dying like this.

　　I was still studying in Shenzhen when the 5.12 earthquake struck, which was the first time I experienced such a strong earthquake. Because of fear, I once had a selfish thought in my heart. I want to run by myself, but I can see my grandmother. I really can’t leave her alone. I have too much reluctance and unbearable feelings.

　　I was brought up by my grandmother, who loved me very much since I was a child. My position in my heart is higher than anyone else’s, even my parents are not as good as my grandmother’s position in my heart. Grandma’s life is my life!

　　I can’t bear to run by myself, so I simply won’t run. Grandma cried when she saw that I didn’t want to run! Yelling at me all the time: "Run".

　　In order to distract my grandmother, I thought of a way to sit on the bed and set up a dragon gate (chat) with my grandmother.

　　Xiao Ning and Grandma take a group photo (photo courtesy of me)

　　I told her that I made a girlfriend in Shenzhen and I will bring it back for the Spring Festival this year. Grandma almost forgot that there was an earthquake at that time when she heard the news. She asked me if it was true and why I hadn’t heard of it before, and said that she would bring it back to her for the Mid-Autumn Festival.

　　From the age of 21, every time I go home, my grandmother will ask me if I have a girlfriend. This matter has become a top priority in my grandmother’s heart, because she is afraid that she will not see me get married!

　　God bless, grandma and I are all right in the end. After the main earthquake, my neighbors came up to help and took my grandmother and me to the outdoor. Perhaps it is because of the 5.12 earthquake. Everyone didn’t panic too much.

　　My parents knew that there was an earthquake and came back from other places overnight, knowing that I didn’t run out the first time, and I was a little scared: "It’s one to run!"

　　I also know that the situation is critical, but if I really run away alone, how helpless my grandmother will be. I am even more afraid that my grandmother will leave like this. If I can’t say goodbye to my grandmother because of my cowardice, I think I will look down on myself in my life, let alone forgive myself.　

　　"Children, go to sleep, I will watch over you."

　　Zhang Lingling, a math teacher in Grade Three, has been teaching for 5 years.

　　When the earthquake happened, I was at home, living on the 20 th floor, and the house shook violently. My husband grabbed me and ran to the toilet, and I was very scared.

　　After the house stopped shaking, I turned on my mobile phone and saw the notice from the school. I rushed to the school immediately. It’s a 10-minute walk, and there are many people standing outside along the way.

　　At school, more than 1000 children have been transferred from the dormitory to the playground. They are a little scared, because the oldest child was only two or three years old in the 2008 earthquake.

　　Not long after, it rained, and we retreated to the classroom. The teachers didn’t dare to sleep a wink all night.

　　Originally, the children were supposed to go back to the dormitory to rest in the morning, but around seven o’clock in the morning, the aftershocks were very strong. According to the emergency measures, the school arranged for all teachers and students to continue to rest in the classroom. The headmaster and all the male teachers, as well as the head teacher, are responsible for the inspection.

　　"I was in high school in the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. As a student, I was not afraid at that time. In the 2019 earthquake, I have been teaching for almost five years. As a teacher, I am really scared. Children, go to sleep, I will guard you, and everything will be fine! "

　　This is an Weibo I posted at school around 3 am, an unintentional record. I didn’t expect to get so many praises, but I am just an ordinary teacher!

　　I was in high school during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, maybe I was young, and there were teachers, so I didn’t know I was afraid at that time. The teachers and students of the whole school slept in the playground together, which was still very fresh. Because of the earthquake, we also had a holiday.

　　This time, as a teacher, I suddenly felt particularly afraid of accidents, and the whole person was particularly nervous. I don’t know why, maybe this is the teacher.

　　Fortunately, at present, all the teachers and students in the school are well, and there are no casualties.

　　Maybe this Weibo will save my daughter’s life.

　　Jingjing, a nursing mother, was in Ruijingwan Community, Changning County, Yibin City during the earthquake.

　　My home is in Ruijingwan Community, Changning County, Yibin City, Sichuan Province, about 30 kilometers away from the epicenter.

　　At ten o’clock in the evening, I breast-fed my child as usual and prepared to rest, but the clock on the wall suddenly fell and the glass began to shake. After the main earthquake, my mother-in-law said to go out quickly. I held my daughter and my mother-in-law ran out with her sister’s three-year-old son on her back.

　　When I went downstairs, I saw other residents in the community going out one after another, and people who were busy getting dressed were scolded for "coming out quickly".

　　After hiding outside for a while, I was hesitating whether to go home or not when the aftershock came.

　　Some people say that there will be more aftershocks after 3 o’clock. Although it was later proved to be a rumor, who can be rational as a mother at this time?

　　We decided to continue to take refuge outside. At that time, I was scared, but I couldn’t cry. I was nursing my daughter and comforting my sister’s children.

　　Mother-in-law went back to get some children’s clothes, diapers and umbrellas. Less than 1 o’clock, it began to rain lightly. We walked outside the community, and it was very difficult, carrying clothes and holding children. The umbrella could only be covered by children.

　　I looked around and wanted to find a safe and sheltered place for my children. Next door to the exit of the community is the procuratorate. There is an open space in front, and the buildings next to it are not high and relatively safe. The guard uncle watched us holding the child, asked a young man inside to give me his seat, and temporarily set up a stool for her mother-in-law with a box.

　　At the entrance guard of five or six square meters, there were more than a dozen people sitting, which was crowded and sultry.

　　I made the worst plan and took out my mobile phone to edit Weibo. In case we are really buried, maybe this Weibo will save my daughter’s life.

　　Jingjing Weibo screenshot

　　From the time I ran out to Weibo, I didn’t cry, but after a while, I opened the message of Weibo, a netizen. Many strangers sincerely hoped that we would be safe, and tears welled up.

　　When we got home at 2: 30, we moved the marble dining table to the front of the sofa and hid under it in case of another aftershock.

　　I slept until 5 o’clock in a daze, and there was another aftershock. I quickly squatted on my daughter.

　　What the earthquake gave me was not the aftershock, but the fear that I could not protect my daughter. I am glad that my husband is on a business trip in other places to avoid disaster. In case something bad happens to me, the child and the father.

　　"The situation is so critical that he may die at any time."

　　Chen Kang,Captain of National Emergency Medical Rescue (Sichuan) Team　

　　At 6: 33 pm on June 18th, 56-year-old Liu was transferred to Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital.

　　The patient was hit by a wall and was seriously injured in many parts of his body. After being sent to the hospital, he developed symptoms such as organ failure, internal bleeding, fracture and coma. The situation is so critical that he may die at any time.

　　The existing medical facilities and conditions of Changning County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine have been difficult to provide follow-up treatment services. After the evaluation of Changning County 6.17 earthquake medical and health rescue headquarters, it was finally decided to transfer to another hospital for treatment.

　　The hospital convened a team of experts from emergency trauma medicine, intensive care medicine, radiation intervention, orthopedics, thoracic surgery, nephrology and other related majors for consultation, and immediately performed interventional surgery and tried their best to rescue them. The operation started at 7: 50 pm on June 18th and lasted for 90 minutes. The patient’s vital signs were stable and he was transferred to ICU for observation and treatment.

　　Saving lives is the most important thing. Previously, I participated in many large-scale medical rescue operations including Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The most profound feeling this time is that the professional ability of medical rescue is getting stronger and stronger, and the emergency response time and rescue speed have been greatly improved.

　　For example, after the earthquake, west china hospital Telemedicine Center started the remote emergency plan as soon as possible, and adopted "dual track system" (dedicated line in the disaster area during the day and emergency consultation channel at night) and "two channels" (remote consultation platform and regional collaborative cloud conference system) to provide 24-hour free dedicated line remote consultation service for the earthquake-stricken areas, striving for the best emergency time for the wounded.　

　　From 3: 00 a.m. to 4: 00 p.m. on June 18, more than 80 people were injured by my hand, the youngest being a three-month-old baby and the oldest being over 90 years old. Thanks to more and more professional medical rescue, these injured people turned to safety.

　　Volunteers from Yibin City played games with their children in the earthquake zone to provide psychological comfort.

　　Although they are worried, they are glad that they are safe.

　　As of press time, the Sichuan Provincial Fire and Rescue Corps dispatched 10 detachments of earthquake rescue forces, totaling 116 fire engines, 526 commanders and 4 search and rescue dogs, to the scene to rescue 20 trapped people;

　　The National Health and Wellness Committee immediately coordinated and guided the Sichuan Provincial Health and Wellness Committee to organize emergency medical rescue work, and sent responsible comrades of the Health Emergency Office to lead a total of 9 people from the National Medical and Health Emergency Expert Group to the disaster area on the early 18th.

　　… …

　　Rescue continues after the earthquake.

　　At 0: 47 on the 18th, CCTV reporters saw the first video picture sent back from the rescue site in the "Yibin Earthquake Rescue" media WeChat group built by the Fire and Rescue Bureau of the Emergency Management Department, with a duration of 1 minute and 30 seconds.

　　The video shows that a young girl wearing a white shirt and denim shorts and barefoot was successfully rescued. Dozens of rescuers gathered around, flashlights, and warned to be careful. Among them, there are fire officers and soldiers and local people.

　　According to CCTV reporter’s verification, the girl’s name is Li Yuqin. She is 15 years old and has multiple soft tissue injuries all over her body.

　　Lying in the hospital bed, Yu Qin choked with gratitude: "Without them, I might really not be able to persist … … It is because of such a group of people in the motherland that we have a better future! "

　　The "group of people" she thanked are still struggling in the front line of earthquake relief.

　　At the beginning of this year, many places began to start the reform of employee outpatient mutual aid security. This system, which concerns the interests of 354 million medical insurance participants, requires that the payment of benefits be tilted towards retirees. By the end of 2021, there were 93.24 million retired employees in the basic medical insurance system for employees.

　　At present, 31 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have issued documents to improve the mutual aid guarantee mechanism for local employees’ medical insurance clinics. Among them, many provinces and cities stipulate that the outpatient payment limit and payment ratio of retirees are higher than those of on-the-job employees.

　　Even so, among the public opinions received by local medical insurance departments, retirees think that "after the reform, the level of treatment has decreased due to the reduction of the amount of personal accounts", accounting for the majority.

　　In the policy explanation, the medical insurance departments in many places clearly stated that after the reform, the personal accounts of most insured persons will be reduced in the current period. At the same time, they also used specific data and cases to explain to the public that for retirees who suffer from chronic diseases at their own expense, the benefits of outpatient mutual aid far exceed the reduction of personal accounts, often by reducing hundreds of yuan, reimbursing thousands or even thousands of yuan.

　　Medical insurance bureau, Hunan Province, said in "Interpretation of Policies on Improving Personal Accounts of Retired Workers" that the outpatient mutual aid mechanism is to use the law of large numbers to resolve the risks of social groups. The number of personal accounts for medical insurance is different from that of individuals at present, but in terms of system, mutual aid guarantee has a more risk prevention function. Workers’ medical insurance is not only a personal account and general outpatient co-ordination, but also a series of policies such as outpatient treatment of chronic and special diseases and hospitalization treatment, which constitute a complete security system.

　　A few days ago, CBN interviewed many experts in the industry on the hot issues of personal account reform of medical insurance that the public cares about. Experts generally believe that the medical insurance personal account has completed its historical mission for more than 20 years and its limitations are gradually becoming prominent. It is the general direction to gradually replace the personal account with outpatient mutual aid according to the principle of "rights replacement".

　　This is a reform that affects the whole body. In the long run, the insured will benefit from the reform, but in the short term, the interests of some people will be damaged. How to improve the supporting mechanism to make the insured more sense of acquisition is a key issue that must be paid attention to in the next step of reform.

　　CBN also learned from relevant departments that some targeted measures are being introduced one after another, for example, in order to facilitate patients to enjoy treatment nearby, support patients to settle accounts and dispense medicines in designated retail pharmacies with prescriptions, enjoy the same reimbursement treatment as those in medical institutions, and explore the inclusion of qualified "internet plus" medical services in the scope of protection to improve the convenience of enjoying treatment.

　　Q: At the beginning of this year, the reform of outpatient mutual aid was launched in many places. In some areas, retirees reported that the funds in personal accounts of medical insurance were reduced, which affected the daily cost of buying medicines. The reform of outpatient mutual aid is inclined to the elderly, but why do the elderly think that their interests are damaged?

　　Zhu Minglai (Director, Health Economy and Medical Security Research Center, Nankai University)The original intention of this reform is to hope that the sick and the elderly with poor health can have more benefits, rather than harming their interests.

　　It is believed that only a part of the elderly people have their interests damaged, which does not mean all the elderly people. Different groups of people have different demands. At present, people who feel that their interests are damaged are mainly elderly people who usually have minor illnesses. The funds in personal accounts can cover their daily expenses for buying medicines and seeing a doctor. If the funds in personal accounts decline, it will have an impact on their daily medical payment; However, for the elderly who suffer from chronic diseases, need to take medicine for a long time and go to the clinic for medical treatment, the funds in his personal account are not enough. According to the previous policy, after spending the funds in his personal account, the outpatient expenses have to be paid at his own expense. Therefore, for the elderly with higher outpatient expenses, the benefits will not be damaged, but a higher reimbursement level will be obtained.

　　It is also mentioned in the policy interpretation of "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Wuhan Employees’ Basic Medical Insurance Outpatient Mutual Aid Security" that the insured Zhou, a retired person, is 68 years old, with an annual pension income of 50,000 yuan. Before the reform, his personal account was transferred to 2,400 yuan every year. Suffering from cerebral infarction, I went to the outpatient department of a tertiary hospital for medical treatment. This year, I incurred a reimbursable expense of 7,150 yuan. If I reimbursed according to the outpatient co-ordination policy, excluding the threshold fee of 500 yuan, I can reimburse (7,150-500) yuan * 60% = 3,990 yuan according to the reimbursement ratio of 60% in tertiary hospitals. Although Zhou’s personal account was less than 1404 yuan after the reform, he enjoyed more than 2586 yuan.

　　twoQ: In April 2021, the State Council issued the guiding opinions on the reform of outpatient mutual aid, and the local authorities received many public opinions when formulating implementation rules and popularizing policies. For example, the Hunan Provincial Medical Insurance Bureau said that the public opinions received recently focused on reflecting that "the level of treatment after the reform has declined", especially for retired employees whose original personal accounts were included in the annual level of more than 2,900 yuan. In your opinion, what problems do retirees’ concerns about the reform of outpatient mutual aid reflect?

　　Lou Yu (Professor, School of Civil and Commercial Economics, China University of Political Science and Law, Director of Institute of Social Law)Since the basic medical insurance system for employees was fully implemented in China in 1997, personal account has been an important medical insurance system. Not only have many structural systems become path-dependent, but the reform of one of them will "affect the whole body", and in the short term, the reform will harm the interests of some people. How to make reasonable compensation for those who have lost interests is also a major event related to the success or failure of the reform.

　　The reform plan of outpatient mutual aid is to reduce the funds remitted by retired insured persons into their personal accounts every month, and the saved funds are used for outpatient serious illness co-ordination. This plan is in line with the development direction of medical insurance, and its original intention is very good, but it is very important to consider the details comprehensively in implementation, which may affect the insured persons’ acceptance of the reform and the effect of the reform. The first thing is that publicity must be in place. After all, personal accounts have existed for more than 20 years. Although the nature of their personal property has not been written into the law, it has formed a basic consensus in the whole society. Secondly, supporting measures must be kept up in time, such as increasing the allocation of common diseases drugs in primary medical institutions, making insured people run less, improving the convenience of the system and reducing personal burden.

　　threeQ: Some netizens said that "the personal account has been transferred less, ‘ Lose money ’ ",for individuals, medical costs will increase because of this reform?

　　Liao Zangyi (Associate Professor, School of Politics and Public Administration, China University of Political Science and Law)Generally speaking, for individuals, their medical costs will not increase because of this reform. Everyone should calculate both small accounts and big accounts. After the reform, the overall planning fund has been strengthened, and after illness, it can be reimbursed through the overall planning fund. Everyone helps each other and the protection will be more adequate. It is necessary to calculate both immediate accounts and long-term accounts. Everyone is old and sick sometimes. Although young and healthy people don’t see many doctors now, the economic risks brought by diseases exist for a long time. Everyone should also look at the difference between income mechanism and insurance mechanism rationally. Under the big framework of social medical insurance, the funds in personal accounts are "medical expenses", not salary income or welfare. When people are old and sick, it is always limited to rely on personal accounts and personal accumulation. All of them need solid and sustainable medical insurance to realize social mutual help and help to resolve the disease risk, and they will benefit from this reform in the long run.

　　Guangdong Medical Insurance Bureau mentioned a case in the Q&A on the reform of outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism, which showed that Hua Jie, a retired employee, paid more than 480 yuan for lung CT in November 2022, and paid for it in full. After the implementation of outpatient mutual aid in Guangzhou, Sister Hua recently went to the hospital for CT and found that she only had to pay more than 140 yuan for the same project, and the overall fund paid 70%.

　　According to the calculation of Hunan Medical Insurance Bureau, after the reform, the maximum payment limit of the on-the-job employee pooling fund is 1,500 yuan, and the maximum payment limit of the retirees pooling fund is 2,000 yuan. In 2021, the province’s annual per capita personal account fund income was 1,727 yuan/person, and the personal account fund expenditure was 1,438 yuan/person. At present, the payment limit determined by the general outpatient co-ordination policy, plus the amount transferred from the personal account, can basically meet the outpatient medical needs of the insured.

　　Four questions: China’s personal accounts have existed for more than 20 years. Why should we start the reform of outpatient security including personal accounts recently?

　　Lou Yu:The original intention of the medical insurance personal account system design is to hope that the insured can share the risk of outpatient expenses through long-term accumulation, that is, pay more to the personal account when they are young, but not when they are old, and the medical insurance account is used to pay for outpatient expenses. However, this original intention has not been well realized in practice: the insured people tend to be short-sighted, and a large amount of funds have accumulated in their personal accounts, which has caused high moral hazard, which not only doubled the pressure of supervision, but also limited funds in each insured person’s account, which can only be used to pay small outpatient expenses, and the high outpatient expenses cannot be paid, which is also inconsistent with the principle of "ensuring the big but not the small" in medical insurance, and unfair to insured patients who really need to rely on the medical insurance system to solve high expenses. Therefore, there are many criticisms about personal accounts in medical insurance practice, and all sectors of society are actively seeking reform plans for accounts.

　　Once any system is fixed, it will be very difficult to reform, because any reform is a redistribution of interests. It is easy to reform a specific system, but a comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation of the system and a systematic solution to the problem test the wisdom of the reformers. No matter from the medical insurance practice in China or the system implementation in other countries, it is difficult for a purely accumulated personal account to play the role of the law of large insurance numbers, and it is impossible to share the disease risk and help the funds in a larger scope. It has reached a social consensus that personal account funds should be used for the overall planning of high outpatient expenses, which should be the general direction of reform. However, this reform needs a systematic system design, and necessary supporting measures must be introduced in time to reduce the proportion of medical insurance account allocation.

　　Five questions: The reform of outpatient co-ordination is a systematic project, in which reducing the funds allocated by personal accounts should be the simplest to operate, but if the supporting policies can’t keep up, there may also be cases of damage to rights and interests. In your opinion, the outpatient mutual aid system should really protect the interests of the insured, which supporting reforms are indispensable?

　　Zhu Minglai:I think one of the important reasons why some retirees are concerned about the reduction of personal account funds is that some supporting policies have not kept up in time. The biggest supporting policy of outpatient mutual aid reform is medical care and medicine, such as the accessibility of medical services. Some elderly people have reported that things that could be solved by taking medicine and swiping cards at pharmacies are now going to the hospital. If he does not trust the first-and second-level hospitals, he may have to queue up for a long time at the third-level hospitals. And sometimes when you get to the hospital, the hospital may be short of medicine, and you have to go to the pharmacy to get medicine. This will add a lot of burden to the elderly in running errands.

　　This is also the direction to further improve the supporting policies. Specifically, efforts can be made in three aspects: First, support patients to settle accounts and dispense medicines in designated retail pharmacies with external prescriptions, enjoy the same reimbursement treatment as in medical institutions, and give full play to the convenience of designated retail pharmacies. The second is to explore the inclusion of qualified "internet plus" medical services in the scope of protection, so as to improve the convenience of enjoying treatment. The third is to explore and promote the circulation of electronic prescriptions to better solve the needs of drug purchase settlement.

　　Six questions: The level of economic development and welfare varies from place to place, so does the level of outpatient co-ordination. If the overall level of outpatient service in a region is relatively low, can it make up for the welfare loss caused by reducing the funds in personal accounts?

　　Liao Zangyi:Local governments will encounter some difficulties in establishing outpatient co-ordination. First, the medical insurance information system should keep up, and all designated pharmacies in the co-ordination area should be opened to ensure that patients can enjoy real-time settlement without manual reimbursement. Secondly, medical insurance supervision and intelligent audit should keep up. After the outpatient service is improved, many people will definitely try their best to gain benefits by reselling drugs, which puts forward higher requirements for the refined management and intelligent monitoring of medical insurance.

　　For the welfare loss that may be caused by the low level of overall planning, we can start from three aspects. First, after the implementation of the outpatient mutual aid system, the deductible line for outpatient reimbursement should be appropriately reduced, and the proportion of reimbursement can be appropriately increased. This needs to be dynamically adjusted by the medical insurance department through actuarial science to effectively enhance the people’s sense of gain; Second, the coverage of outpatient mutual aid should be improved, from the existing two diseases, renal dialysis, outpatient radiotherapy and chemotherapy, etc., and gradually expanded to most diseases can enjoy reimbursement treatment to reflect fairness; Third, we can refer to the guarantee policy of hospitalization treatment. If the insured person’s annual outpatient expenses exceed a certain proportion, it can be classified as large medical expenses, and should be guaranteed twice or matched with the corresponding bottom-up mechanism.

　　Seven questions: Many retirees are used to going to designated retail pharmacies to buy medicines. After implementing outpatient mutual aid, what support measures are there for designated retail pharmacies?

　　Zhu Minglai:The reform puts forward that the drug guarantee service of qualified designated retail pharmacies should be included in the scope of outpatient service, and the payment of the overall fund should be extended to qualified designated medical insurance pharmacies, with the purpose of facilitating patients to submit reimbursement nearby and reducing the cost burden. Insured patients can only use personal accounts to pay for drugs purchased at designated retail pharmacies. After the reform, they can use personal accounts or enjoy reimbursement from the overall fund with external prescriptions. According to the relevant data, since the implementation of the reform, the scale of personal accounts used in designated retail pharmacies has increased, which also shows that pharmacies have benefited from the reform measures such as personal accounts helping families and expanding the scope of personal accounts.

　　However, we can’t ignore the violation of laws and regulations in the operation of designated retail pharmacies. For example, it is very common for some city pharmacies to use medical insurance funds to pay for health care products and daily necessities. We must strengthen supervision over this kind of misappropriation and application of medical insurance funds.

　　Eight questions: after the implementation of outpatient mutual aid, will it increase the number of hospital outpatients and labor costs?

　　Liao Zangyi:In the short term, it may increase the number of outpatients in hospitals, such as many minor illnesses such as colds and coughs. Before the reform, many patients will carry on and recover by their own immunity, which can save money after all. After the reform, considering that medical insurance can be reimbursed, some people will have the mentality of "not spending money and not spending money", and there is indeed a risk of increasing the number of hospital outpatients and labor costs in the short term, but with the passage of time, after the market gradually returns to rationality, this phenomenon will gradually fall back to the state before the reform.

　　Question 9: What is the nature of the funds in the medical insurance personal account?

　　Lou Yu:According to the Decision on Establishing the Basic Medical Insurance System for Urban Workers promulgated by the State Council in 1998, the combination of social pooling and individual accounts is the basic principle of basic medical insurance for employees. The principal and interest of individual accounts are owned by individuals and can be carried forward and inherited. This is the basis for the general public to believe that the legal nature of personal accounts is personal property. However, this decision has a low legal rank, and it is not an administrative regulation with external legal effect. It is only a normative document for building a medical insurance system within the administrative organs of people’s society, and it has only guiding significance for the provisions on the nature of individual accounts. The Social Insurance Law promulgated in 2010 didn’t stipulate the unified account as the financing principle of basic medical insurance, and didn’t stipulate the legal nature of individual account, which is considered that legislators don’t recognize the financing rules and payment methods of individual account, leaving enough room for future reform.

　　Question 10: The Social Insurance Law promulgated in 2010 did not mention the personal account of medical insurance. Does it mean that the general direction of future reform is to replace the personal account with the outpatient mutual aid guarantee mechanism?

　　Liao Zangyi:The general direction of future reform can consider gradually reducing personal accounts until they are cancelled. On the one hand, gradually reduce or stop the proportion of unit contributions to individual accounts; On the other hand, gradually abolish the regulation that individual contributions are transferred to individual accounts, and include individual contributions in the overall fund, such as establishing outpatient mutual aid system. Although there may be great resistance in actual operation, in fact, some areas have already tried this method and achieved good results.

　　Solidify the spiritual power of national rejuvenation

　　Qiushi magazine editorial department

　　The power of the spirit is infinite.

　　"The reason why our party has been flourishing and suffering for a hundred years is because of such a strong spirit of revolution and desperation." Looking back on the great journey, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-old history is not only a magnificent history of struggle and entrepreneurship, but also a history of the construction and inheritance of great spirit. In the 100 years of continuous struggle, our party took the great spirit of party building as the source, forged a series of great spirits, and built the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. These great spirits come down in one continuous line and are passed down from generation to generation. They are deeply integrated into the blood of our party, country, nation and people, and provide a powerful spiritual impetus for realizing national independence, people’s liberation, country’s prosperity and people’s happiness, and for realizing the Chinese nation to stand up, get rich and strengthen.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has attached great importance to the strength of spirit, repeatedly emphasized the importance of the great spirit of the Party, made an incisive summary and exposition of the great spirit of party building and the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and put forward clear requirements for inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the Party. The General Secretary emphasized that "the transformation from substance to spirit and from spirit to substance is a dialectical viewpoint", "People cannot stand without spirit, and the country is not strong without spirit", "The great spirit and glorious tradition of the Party are our precious spiritual wealth and a powerful spiritual driving force to encourage us to forge ahead courageously", and "all comrades in the Party should nourish themselves and motivate themselves with the great spirit formed in the century-long struggle, and do a good job in the work of the Party and the country with a high spirit". The great spirit of the Party will always be the precious spiritual wealth of the Party and the country. This important article is an excerpt from the speeches, instructions and letters of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader from March 2013 to July 2021. It is ambitious, broad-minded, rich in connotation and full of affection, and reflects the important exposition of the General Secretary on inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the Party. It is highly political, ideological, instructive and realistic.

　　— — Regarding the great spirit of party building, the General Secretary scientifically summarized its basic connotation, emphasizing that "this is the source of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s spirit" and "we should continue to carry forward the glorious tradition and carry forward the red blood, and forever inherit and carry forward the great spirit of party building";

　　— — With regard to the great spirit of the Party during the new-democratic revolution, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as Jinggangshan spirit, Long March spirit, Yan ‘an spirit and Anti-Japanese War spirit, emphasizing that these great revolutionary spirits are "inexhaustible spiritual motivation to sharpen our Do not forget your initiative mind and keep our mission in mind";

　　— — With regard to the great spirit of the Party during the socialist revolution and construction, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as the spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, the spirit of Lei Feng, the spirit of Jiao Yulu and the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite", stressing that these great spirits were, are and will remain the precious spiritual wealth of our Party.

　　— — Regarding the great spirit of the Party during the period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as the spirit of the special zone, the spirit of fighting floods, the spirit of manned space flight, and the spirit of earthquake relief, emphasizing that "reform and innovation are always the spiritual force that urges us to keep pace with the times in reform and opening up";

　　On the evening of June 28th, 2021, the great journey, a literary performance celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), was held in the National Stadium. Dawn, a drama and dance, shows that the Chinese nation has suffered a lot since modern times, and countless people with lofty ideals have gone on and on in search of the truth of saving the country and the people. Until the birth of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1921, the China revolution took on a new look. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pang Xinglei/photo

　　— — With regard to the great spirit of the Party in Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, the General Secretary focused on a series of spirits such as Saihanba spirit, lunar exploration spirit, anti-epidemic spirit, and the spirit of tackling poverty, and stressed the need to vigorously carry forward these great spirits in the new era and "continuously win new and greater victories in adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics".

　　Great cause breeds great spirit, and great spirit leads great cause. At the new historical starting point of building a well-off society in an all-round way, a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way has begun, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is uniting and leading the people of all ethnic groups across the country to stride towards the goal of the second century. Looking back on the past course and looking forward to the journey ahead, it is of great significance for us to thoroughly study and understand the important article "The great spirit of the Party is always the precious spiritual wealth of the party and the country" by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and to learn and understand the important exposition of the General Secretary on inheriting and carrying forward the great spirit of the Party. It is of great significance for us to deeply grasp the core essence and practical requirements of the great spirit of the Party, summon up the spirit to March into a new journey and forge ahead into a new era, and hand over more excellent answers on the new road of catching up for exams.

　　The spiritual source of the century-old party

　　A hundred years of vicissitudes of life have changed dramatically, just in the prime of life.

　　How can a political party with just over 50 members in party member develop into the world’s largest ruling party with more than 95 million party member, a country with a population of over 1.4 billion, and significant global influence? Why lead the Chinese nation to flourish and move towards great rejuvenation at an unstoppable pace?

　　To understand why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can, we must understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great spirit; To understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great spirit, we must understand the source of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s spirit.

　　At the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward and profoundly explained the great party-building spirit for the first time: "One hundred years ago, the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s pioneers founded the Communist Party of China (CPC), forming the great party-building spirit of adhering to the truth, adhering to ideals, practicing the initial heart, taking on the mission, not being afraid of sacrifice, bravely fighting, being loyal to the party and living up to the people, which is the source of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s spirit."

　　The incisive summary of 32 words condenses the essence of a hundred years, reveals the true meaning of history, and profoundly expounds the spiritual code of why the Communist Party of China (CPC) can:

　　— — "Insist on truth and ideals". As the vanguard of the working class in China, the people of China and the Chinese nation, it is always fundamental for the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to firmly believe in the scientific truth of Marxism and adhere to the ideals and beliefs of communism and socialism. These eight words profoundly reveal the unique advantages of our party’s advanced ideological theory and firm ideals and beliefs.

　　— — "practice the initial heart and take on the mission." It is the initial intention and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. These eight words profoundly reveal our party’s consistent historical responsibility and the fundamental purpose of a century-long struggle.

　　— — "Not afraid of sacrifice and heroic struggle". It is the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s clank oath and conscious action to put personal interests and life and death aside, to be fearless of strong enemies, risks, struggles and victories, and to be ready to sacrifice everything for the party and the people at any time. These eight words profoundly reveal our party’s incomparably strong revolutionary will and invincible power.

　　— — "Loyal to the Party and not responsible to the people". Being loyal to the Party, never betraying the Party, persisting in taking the people as the center and putting the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people first are the unswerving political qualities of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. These eight words profoundly reveal the noble character of our party in building the party for the public and governing for the people and the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly.

　　The great party-building spirit is rich in connotation and profound in meaning, which profoundly reveals the spiritual characteristics of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, clearly marks the spiritual coordinates of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and fundamentally answers the important questions of what kind of party to build and how to become a qualified communist party member. This great spirit fully embodies the nature and purpose of the advanced Marxist political party, reflects the main theme and mainstream essence of the century-old party history, is the inheritance, development and sublimation of the great spirit of the Chinese nation by our party, and is the most precious spiritual wealth of the party and the country.

　　"Ask the canal that clear? Because there is a source of living water. " As the source, root and soul of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s spiritual pedigree, the great party-building spirit runs through the party’s century-old history like a red line, guiding the way forward, rallying the struggle force, and lighting the shining spiritual torches on the great journey, which provides strong spiritual support for the party and the people to cope with various challenges, resist various risks, overcome various obstacles and solve various contradictions in different periods. As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out in this important article: "In the past 100 years, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has carried forward the great spirit of party building, built the spiritual pedigree of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people in the long-term struggle, and forged a distinctive political character."

　　Jinggangshan Spirit, Soviet Area Spirit, Long March Spirit, Zunyi Meeting Spirit, Yan ‘an Spirit, Anti-Japanese War Spirit, Taihang Spirit, Luliang Spirit, Hongyan Spirit, Yimeng Spirit, Xibaipo Spirit, Anti-US Aid Korea Spirit, Great Northern Wilderness Spirit, Westward Movement Spirit, Hongqi Canal Spirit, Daqing Spirit, Iron Man Spirit, Lei Feng Spirit, Jiao Yulu Spirit, Wang Jie Spirit, "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Spirit, and "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Spirit. … These great spirits are dazzling and colorful, with their own different connotations, characteristics and performances, but they are in the same strain, interlinked and integrated in essence. Tracing back to the source, these spirits are concrete manifestations of the great party-building spirit in different periods, different regions, different fields and different groups of people. They embody the basic connotation and common characteristics of the great party-building spirit from different aspects, embody the party’s firm belief, fundamental purpose and fine style, and condense the great character of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s hard work, sacrifice and dedication, pioneering and enterprising, which has provided rich nourishment for the great cause of building, rejuvenating and strengthening the party.

　　Fight bloody battles and persevere

　　In the arduous revolutionary years, countless revolutionary martyrs shed their heads, shed their blood, fought bloody battles and persevered, wrote magnificent poems, and cast a great revolutionary spirit that will shine for generations to come.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has paid a visit to the revolutionary holy land, the red former site and the revolutionary historical memorial site which are of great historical significance to our party. The general secretary said with deep affection: "Every time I go to a place, I relive those eventful years and review the difficult course that the party has gone through all the way. My soul has been shocked and my spirit has been baptized. Every time I go with reverence and come back with many feelings. " In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader narrated a series of great spirits formed by our party during the period of the new-democratic revolution, profoundly expounded its connotation and essence, and repeatedly stressed the need to inherit and carry forward the red spirit in combination with the new conditions of the times.

　　— — Jinggangshan Spirit: "Created the great revolutionary spirit of the Communist Party of China (CPC)".

　　Jinggangshan is "the cradle of China revolution". In the stormy years of blood shed, at the critical juncture of China revolution, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, represented by Mao Zedong and Zhu De, combined the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China revolution, led troops to Jinggangshan successively, ignited the spark of China revolution, created the first rural revolutionary base area, opened up the revolutionary road of "rural encircling cities and seizing political power by armed forces", and started the glorious journey of China revolution to victory. The glorious struggle practice in Jinggangshan vividly explains "why China’s red regime can exist". Its Jinggangshan road and Jinggangshan spirit have guided the China revolution to success step by step and accumulated valuable spiritual wealth for our party.

　　Jinggangshan spirit is rich in connotation and profound. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Jinggangshan three times and put forward clear requirements for carrying forward Jinggangshan spirit on many occasions. In this important article, the general secretary pointed out that "the most precious wealth left to us during the Jinggangshan period is the Jinggangshan spirit that spans time and space. The most important aspect of Jinggangshan spirit is to strengthen faith, work hard, seek truth from facts, dare to break new paths, rely on the masses and be brave in victory. " In the new era, the most important thing to carry forward the Jinggangshan spirit is to pursue the ideal firmly and persistently, seek truth from facts and dare to break new paths, work hard to overcome difficulties and rely on the masses to win.

　　— — Spirit of Soviet Area: "The concentrated expression of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political nature and spiritual characteristics".

　　In the creation and development of revolutionary base areas, in the practice of establishing red political power and exploring revolutionary roads, countless revolutionary ancestors used their blood and lives to create the spirit of the Soviet area with the main connotation of "firm belief, seeking truth and being pragmatic, serving the people wholeheartedly, being honest and honest, working hard, striving for first-class and selfless dedication". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "This spirit not only contains the commonness of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s revolutionary spirit, but also shows the characteristics and individuality of the Soviet period. It is a concentrated expression of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s political qualities and spiritual characteristics, a new sublimation of the Chinese national spirit, and an important source of the socialist core value system that we are building today." In this important article, the General Secretary further pointed out that "Jinggangshan spirit and Soviet spirit bear the initial heart and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and cast the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s great revolutionary spirit. These great revolutionary spirits, which span time and space and never go out of date, are inexhaustible spiritual motivation to sharpen our Do not forget your initiative mind and keep our mission in mind. "

　　— — Long March Spirit: "The highest embodiment of the national spirit with patriotism as the core".

　　The Long March, an earth-shattering revolutionary feat, is a magnificent epic written by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Red Army and a towering monument in the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It not only realized the great turning point of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China’s revolutionary cause from frustration to victory, but also opened a new great March for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to achieve national independence and people’s liberation. More importantly, with extraordinary wisdom and fearless heroism, it overcame all difficulties and made great sacrifices to win, which shocked the world and made it shine in history, leaving us with precious spiritual wealth — — Great Long March spirit.

　　长征这一人类历史上的伟大壮举，留给我们最可宝贵的精神财富，就是伟大长征精神。2021年6月28日晚，庆祝中国共产党成立100周年文艺演出《伟大征程》在国家体育场盛大举行。这是戏剧与舞蹈《长征》。 新华社记者 陈晔华/摄

　　“伟大长征精神，就是把全国人民和中华民族的根本利益看得高于一切，坚定革命的理想和信念，坚信正义事业必然胜利的精神；就是为了救国救民，不怕任何艰难险阻，不惜付出一切牺牲的精神；就是坚持独立自主、实事求是，一切从实际出发的精神；就是顾全大局、严守纪律、紧密团结的精神；就是紧紧依靠人民群众，同人民群众生死相依、患难与共、艰苦奋斗的精神。”在纪念红军长征胜利80周年大会上，最高领袖总书记对伟大长征精神作出精辟概括，强调伟大长征精神是中国共产党人及其领导的人民军队革命风范的生动反映，是中华民族自强不息的民族品格的集中展示，是以爱国主义为核心的民族精神的最高体现。每一代人有每一代人的长征路，每一代人都要走好自己的长征路。总书记要求全党“大力弘扬伟大长征精神，在新的长征路上继续奋勇前进”。

　　After the victory of the Long March, the marked army bravely marched to the west and fought bravely in Qilian, and built a spiritual monument with its life. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the heroic spirit of the marked army, which is not afraid of difficulties and dangers, and fought bloody battles, is in the same strain as the spirit of the Long March", and stressed the need to "tell the story of the marked army well and pass on the red gene well".

　　— — The spirit of Zunyi Conference: "Insist on the truth and correct mistakes".

　　Zunyi meeting is a turning point in the history of our party. The meeting was held at the historical juncture when the Red Army failed in its fifth anti-encirclement campaign and suffered serious setbacks in the early days of the Long March. It established the leading position of Comrade Mao Zedong in the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army, and began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative in the CPC Central Committee. It began to form the first generation of central leading collective of the party with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core, which opened a new stage for our party to independently solve the practical problems of the China revolution, saving the party, the Red Army and the China revolution at the most critical juncture, with great history.

　　"We must make good use of the historical experience of the Zunyi Conference and let the spirit of the Zunyi Conference shine forever." Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has talked about the Zunyi Meeting many times on different occasions, stressing that the Zunyi Meeting "left valuable experience and important enlightenment in integrating the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, adhering to the road of independence, strengthening the correct political line, policies and strategies, and building a strong and mature central leadership collective". "The distinctive features of the Zunyi Meeting are to uphold the truth, correct mistakes, establish the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and creatively formulate and implement strategic strategies in line with the characteristics of the China Revolution. This is still of great significance today. " On the occasion of the centenary of the founding of the Party, the General Secretary asked the whole Party to study and educate in the light of the history of the Party, draw positive and negative historical experiences from the history of the Party, unswervingly keep up with the CPC Central Committee, constantly improve political judgment, political understanding and political execution, and earnestly enhance the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards".

　　— — Yan ‘an Spirit: "the Communist Party of China (CPC) people have been cultivated from generation to generation".

　　Yan ‘an is the holy land of China’s revolution. The CPC Central Committee has been in Yan ‘an for 13 years and formed the great Yan ‘an spirit. Yan ‘an Spirit is the essence and crystallization of the ideals and beliefs, spiritual outlook, ideology and morality, and work and life style of the outstanding elements of the Chinese nation with the Communist Party of China (CPC) as the core, during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, in the unremitting struggle for national independence and people’s liberation, and under extremely difficult circumstances. Its main contents are firm and correct political orientation, the ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts, the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader "has a personal feeling" about Yan ‘an spirit, and "every time I visited Yan ‘an in that year, my heart was full of reverence and excitement". In this important article, the General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "Yan ‘an spirit has nurtured generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and is a valuable spiritual wealth of our party. We should persistently use Yan ‘an spirit to educate party member and cadres, so as to nourish the initial heart, refine the soul, draw strength from faith, find out the gap of party spirit and calibrate the direction of progress. ".

　　— — Anti-Japanese War Spirit: "China people’s precious spiritual wealth".

　　After the September 18th Incident, the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the Northeast Anti-Union Movement to stand up in Baishan and Heishui, which became the starting point of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people of China, and opened the prelude to the world anti-fascist war. In the magnificent process of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a great anti-Japanese war spirit with the main connotation of "patriotic feelings that every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world, national integrity that he would rather die than surrender, heroic spirit that he is not afraid of violence and bloody battles, and indomitable and persevering belief in winning" has been formed.

　　Although more than 70 years have passed since the victory of China people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the great anti-Japanese war spirit should remain in the hearts of every Chinese. On September 3, 2020, at the symposium to commemorate the 75th anniversary of China people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the victory of the world anti-fascist war, the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "the great spirit of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression is a precious spiritual wealth of the people of Chinese, which will always inspire the people of China to overcome all difficulties and obstacles and strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation".

　　— — Hongyan spirit: "Perseverance, rather die than surrender".

　　"You, Haiyan in the storm, greet the darkness before dawn. Fly! Fight! Always face the east and always face the party! " This is the praise of Jiang Jie’s friends in the book Red Rock.

　　After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered the stalemate stage, in order to strengthen the Party’s leadership over the work in the Kuomintang-ruled areas, since 1939, Comrade Zhou Enlai led the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee to launch a struggle against the enemy in a place called "Hongyan Mouth" in Chongqing. In the extremely sinister political environment, they are good at adversity, brave in sacrifice and carry out their work effectively. In the late period of the Liberation War, the underground party organizations in Chongqing were destroyed, and most of the arrested Communist party member and revolutionaries were held in Zhazidong and Baigongguan prisons. Revolutionary heroes represented by Jiang Zhujun, Wang Pu, Chen Ran, etc. withstood all kinds of torture with rock-solid ideals and beliefs and heroic spirit of justice, and sacrificed their precious lives for the cause of people’s liberation in China. They wrote the Hongyan spirit that shines in history with their heroic life. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader mentioned the Hongyan spirit many times and encouraged the cadres in party member to "strengthen their ideals and beliefs and cultivate integrity".

　　— — Yimeng spirit: "Harmony of water and milk, life and death together".

　　During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the people of Yimeng "used the last rations as rations, the last piece of cloth as uniforms, and the last son sent to the battlefield". With a population of 4.2 million, more than 1.2 million people supported the army, more than 200,000 people joined the army and more than 100,000 people died heroically, and a large number of vanguard and exemplary figures such as six sisters, mother and red sister-in-law of Yimeng emerged, forming the spirit of Yimeng. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "Yimeng spirit, like Yan ‘an spirit, Jinggangshan spirit and Xibaipo spirit, is a valuable spiritual wealth of the party and the country, which should be continuously carried forward in combination with the new conditions of the times".

　　— — Xibaipo Spirit: Keep in mind "Two Musts".

　　From May 1948 to March 1949, the CPC Central Committee worked in Xibaipo, Pingshan County, Hebei Province, which became the "last rural command post" for the CPC Central Committee to liberate China. At the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Comrade Mao Zedong put forward the important thought of "Two Musts" and warned the whole party: "We must make comrades continue to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, arrogance and rashness, and we must make comrades continue to maintain the style of hard struggle." Xibaipo witnessed that "New China is coming from here", and the Xibaipo spirit with "Two Musts" as the core has become a valuable spiritual wealth of the party and the country.

　　On July 11th, 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader came to Xibaipo, the revolutionary holy land, to visit Xibaipo Memorial Hall and the former site of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee. The general secretary profoundly pointed out that the "two musts" contains profound reference to the law of chaos control in China’s thousands of years of history, a profound summary of our party’s arduous struggle, deep worries about the victorious political party’s eternal advancement and purity, and the long-term stability of the people’s regime that is about to be born, and a profound understanding of our party’s fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly; Call on all party comrades to constantly study and understand the profound thinking and strategic considerations of the "two musts", always be modest and prudent and work hard, so that our party will never deteriorate and our red country will never change color.

　　Self-reliance, anger and strength

　　This is an era of hard work and burning passion, and it is also an era of heroes and high spirits. After the founding of New China, our party United and led the people, devoted itself to the steaming socialist construction that has never been seen in the history of China, strived selflessly and worked hard to defend and build the motherland, and painted the latest and most beautiful pictures.

　　In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader tells a series of great spirits formed by our party during the socialist revolution and construction, and eulogizes the heroic and tenacious revolutionary heroism of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people and their lofty aspirations of "daring to teach the sun and the moon to change into a new sky".

　　— — The spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea: with "less steel and more gas", we can overcome "more steel and less gas".

　　On October 19th, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the theme exhibition commemorating the 70th anniversary of Chinese people’s Volunteer Army’s war to resist US aggression and aid Korea. In the exhibition hall, on the one hand, there are excellent American ordnance and leather boots gloves, and on the other hand, there are simple equipment and thin clothes of the volunteers. The general secretary stopped for a long time and was filled with emotion: "What a miracle! They are ‘ More steel and less gas ’ , we are ‘ Less steel and more gas ’ 。”

　　"In the magnificent War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the heroic Chinese people’s Volunteer Army always carried forward the patriotic spirit of putting the interests of the motherland and the people above everything else, striving for the dignity of the motherland and the nation, the revolutionary heroism spirit of being brave and tenacious, the revolutionary optimism spirit of not fearing hardships and always maintaining high morale, the revolutionary loyalty spirit of generously dedicating everything to the mission entrusted by the motherland and the people, and the internationalism spirit of fighting for the cause of peace and justice of mankind, and forged the great spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea." In this important article, the General Secretary made a profound explanation of the spirit of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea, emphasizing that this spirit "spans time and space and lasts forever, and must be passed down and carried forward from generation to generation". To carry forward the great spirit of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea in the new era, it is necessary to sharpen the national character of not being afraid of violence and resisting power, gather the national strength of one heart and one mind, forge the national blood of giving up one’s life and forgetting one’s death, inspire the national wisdom of being upright, innovative and brave, and continue to March bravely towards the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　— — The spirit of moving west: "Make contributions to the places where the motherland needs it most".

　　In 1950s, a group of universities, factories and research institutes, represented by Jiaotong University, resolutely supported and implemented the CPC Central Committee’s decision to move westward. Thousands of people "packed their backpacks and set off" and embarked on the journey of moving westward without hesitation, from Huangpu River to Weishui River thousands of miles away. Since then, they have taken root in the yellow land and struggled to form the spirit of moving westward. In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "‘ The spirit of westward migration ’ The core of patriotism is patriotism, and the essence is to listen to the party’s command and follow the party, breathe with the party and the country, and share the destiny with the nation and the people, which has profound practical and historical significance. "

　　— — Hongqi Canal Spirit: "The people of Linxian County are ambitious and vowed to rearrange the mountains and rivers".

　　Linxian County, Henan Province (now Linzhou City) is located at the eastern foot of Taihang Mountain. In history, there have been nine droughts in ten years, and water is as expensive as oil. Under the leadership of the county party Committee, the people of Linxian county worked hard for 10 spring and autumn periods, digging holes and bridging ditches on the mountainous Taihang Mountain, and built the "artificial Tianhe" Red Flag Canal with a total length of more than 1,500 kilometers, forging the spirit of the Red Flag Canal. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader commented that the spirit of Hongqiqu "is a precious spiritual wealth of our party" and "is a concentrated expression of the nature and purpose of our party, which will last forever and will never be out of date".

　　— — Daqing spirit and Iron Man spirit: "When oil workers roar, the earth will shake three times."

　　In order to get rid of China’s "oil-poor" hat as soon as possible, Daqing petroleum people, represented by "Iron Man" Wang Jinxi, with the lofty sentiments of "I would rather live less than 20 years and try my best to win the big oil field" and the determination of "I want to go there if I have the conditions, but I want to go there if I don’t have the conditions to create it", built China’s largest oil base on the everlasting wasteland in more than three years, creating a "patriotism, entrepreneurship and pioneering spirit". In this important article, the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly pointed out that "the outstanding contribution of Daqing Oilfield has been engraved on the historical monument of the great motherland, and the spirit of Daqing and Iron Man has become an important part of the great spirit of the Chinese nation".

　　— — Lei Feng spirit: "vivid embodiment of socialist core values".

　　Lei Feng, a soldier of the People’s Liberation Army, is willing to be a screw in his ordinary job, brave in dedication and ready to help others, showing lofty communist sentiments. In August 1962, he died in the line of duty at the age of 22. The spirit of Lei Feng has become a symbol of social fashion in new China.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that "Lei Feng spirit is eternal" and "Lei Feng spirit can be learned by everyone", and it is necessary to "make learning from Lei Feng spirit become a common practice in the motherland". In this important article, the General Secretary clearly pointed out, "We should learn from Lei Feng’s spirit as well as his practices, turn lofty ideals and beliefs and the pursuit of moral quality into concrete actions, embody them in ordinary work and life, make our due contributions, and pass on the spirit of Lei Feng from generation to generation."

　　— — Jiao Yulu’s spirit: "Life is also a dune, and death is also a dune. Fathers and elders live and die.".

　　Jiao Yulu, secretary of the county party committee of Lankao, Henan Province, dragged his body with chronic liver disease to change the poverty and backwardness of the local area, and led the people of the county to seal sand, control water and improve land. In May 1964, Jiao Yulu died at the age of 42. At the last moment of his life, his only request was "please transport me back to Lankao and bury me in the sand. I didn’t cure the sand dunes alive, but I will watch you cure the sand dunes when I die!"

　　On September 18, 1999, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission decided to commend 23 scientific and technological experts who made outstanding contributions to the development of "two bombs and one satellite" that year, and awarded them to Yu Min, Wang Daheng, Wang Xiji, Zhu Guangya, Sun Jiadong, Ren Xinmin, Wu Ziliang, Chen Fangyun, Chen Nengkuan, Yang Jiayuan, Zhou Guangzhao, Qian Xuesen and Tu Shouyun. Xinhua news agency

　　"Life is also a sand dune, and death is also a sand dune, and the life and death system of the elders is … … Being an official, benefiting one party, and flattening business. " A poem "Nian Nujiao Remembers Jiao Yulu" expresses the supreme leader’s sincere reverence for Jiao Yulu. The General Secretary said with deep affection, "For decades, the deeds of Comrade Jiao Yulu have been in my mind, and the image of Comrade Jiao Yulu has been in my heart", praising Jiao Yulu as "a good public servant of the people, an example for the county party secretary and the whole party". In this important article, the General Secretary pointed out that "the Jiao Yulu spirit of being close to the people and loving the people, working hard, being scientific and realistic, facing difficulties and making selfless contributions was, is and will remain the precious spiritual wealth of our party, and will never be out of date". To learn and carry forward the spirit of Jiao Yulu, we should learn from Comrade Jiao Yulu’s public servant feelings of "all the people are in his heart but not himself", the realistic style of "eating steamed buns chewed by others is tasteless", the struggle spirit of "daring to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky" and "revolutionaries should be brave in the face of difficulties", and the moral sentiments of being hard-working, simple, honest and dedicated to public service and "never engaging in specialization".

　　— — Wang Jie spirit: "One is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death".

　　"For the sake of the party, I am not afraid to go into the flames; For the sake of the party, even if I am shattered, I am willing. "This is the diary written by Wang Jie, the squad leader of an armored corps. In July, 1965, when Wang Jie was organizing militia training, he was caught in an accidental explosion of explosives. At a critical juncture, he threw himself at the explosive charge, protecting the safety of 12 militiamen and people’s armed cadres present, but his life was fixed at the age of 23. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "one is not afraid of hardship, and the other is not afraid of death, which is a vivid portrayal of blood and courage, and should be the motto of revolutionary soldiers", emphasizing that "we should learn to practice Wang Jie spirit and let Wang Jie spirit shine in a new era".

　　The establishment of special economic zones is a great pioneering work carried out by the party and the state to promote reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The picture shows the statue of "Pioneer Cow" on Shennan Avenue in Shenzhen (photo taken on October 12, 2020). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liang Xu/photo

　　— — The spirit of "two bombs and one satellite": "Do earth-shattering things and be an anonymous person".

　　On October 16, 1964, China’s first atomic bomb exploded successfully; On October 27, 1966, China’s first surface-to-surface missile with a nuclear warhead exploded successfully; On June 17, 1967, China’s first hydrogen bomb air explosion test was successful; On April 24th, 1970, China’s first artificial satellite was successfully launched … … In the process of developing "two bombs and one satellite", a large number of scientists, such as Qian Xuesen, Qian Sanqiang and Deng Jiaxian, have closely linked their personal ideals with the destiny of the motherland and their personal aspirations with the rejuvenation of the nation. They are willing to be unsung heroes and sprinkle their youth and blood on the Gobi Desert, and will also "love the motherland, selfless dedication, self-reliance, hard struggle, great cooperation and courage to climb". In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader encouraged space workers in the new era to "vigorously carry forward ‘ Two bombs and one satellite ’ Spirit, dare to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, dare to climb the peak of space science and technology, make Chinese’s pace of exploring space more stable and farther, and realize the great dream of building a space power at an early date. "

　　Emancipate the mind and forge ahead

　　In the mighty wave of reform and opening-up, our party united and led the people to break the shackles of ideas, sweep away barriers that hinder development, and overcome challenges from all sides, which made China earth-shaking in the "moment of history" and made great strides to catch up with the times, and also nurtured and created a series of great spirits in the process.

　　"Fight our way out", "The flood is merciless", "The starry sky is vast and endless" … … In this important article, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader led us to review a series of great spirits formed by the Party during the period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and profoundly expounded its connotation, essence and practical requirements.

　　— — Spirit of the SAR: "Fight our way out".

　　From Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen in 1980 to Hainan in 1988, special economic zones were established one after another, and the spring tide of reform surged across the land of China. Generations of SEZ builders have worked hard to build a prosperous modern city from backward border towns and wasteland fishing villages. In the great process of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, they have written a magnificent chapter of standing on the forefront and pioneering, and created the spirit of the SEZ of "daring to try, being the first, and working hard".

　　In leading the new era to deepen reform and opening up in an all-round way, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed the need to carry forward the spirit of the SAR, encourage cadres and the masses to be pioneers in the new era, keep the spirit of "pioneering", "creative" and "dry" style, and strive to write more "spring stories" and create new and greater miracles that will impress the world. In this important article, the General Secretary explicitly asked the special economic zones to "always stand at the forefront of reform and opening up, try first and explore boldly in all aspects of institutional mechanism reform, and provide more replicable and scalable experiences for the whole country".

　　— — The spirit of fighting floods: "The flood is merciless and people have feelings".

　　In the summer of 1998, an unprecedented catastrophic flood ravaged most of China. At the critical moment, the party and state leaders came to the front line to direct the flood fighting. More than 300,000 officers and men of the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force fought with the flood. The people in the disaster-stricken areas gave up their small families to protect everyone and the small ones to take care of the overall situation. The people of the whole country strongly supported the front-line military and civilians, won the all-round victory in the flood fighting and rescue struggle, and forged the great flood fighting spirit of "United as one, United as one, not afraid of difficulties, tenacious struggle, perseverance and daring to win".

　　On February 20, 2021, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the mobilization meeting of Party history study and education that we should further carry forward a series of great spirits, including "the spirit of fighting floods". This summer, many parts of the country continued to experience extremely heavy rainfall, and the flood control situation was very severe. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the cadres and the masses in the disaster-stricken areas are United as one, and the people of the whole country watch and help each other, writing a new chapter in the great spirit of fighting floods.

　　— — Manned space spirit: "The starry sky is vast, and the exploration is endless".

　　In 2003, the "Shenzhou 5" spacecraft achieved manned space flight for the first time, and the Chinese dream of flying for a thousand years became a reality! Since the manned spaceflight project was officially implemented in 1992, China astronauts have repeatedly attacked scientific problems and challenged physiological limits. They have successfully sent manned spacecraft condensed with national spirit and dreams into space again and again, which has promoted China’s manned spaceflight cause from scratch, from weak to strong, and has also engraved in the vast universe the manned spaceflight spirit of "especially being able to endure hardship, fight, tackle key problems and contribute".

　　In this important article, the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out that the spirit of manned space flight "has added a powerful spiritual force to uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics". On April 29, 2021, the space station of China and the core module were launched, which marked that the construction of China’s space station entered the stage of full implementation. In his congratulatory message, the General Secretary once again sent a message to the astronauts to vigorously carry forward the spirit of manned space flight, "self-reliance, innovation and transcendence, win a comprehensive victory in the task of building a space station, and make new and greater contributions to building a socialist modern country in an all-round way."

　　— — The spirit of earthquake relief: "The earth shakes the mountains and cannot disperse the Chinese soul".

　　At 14: 28 on May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake that shocked the world occurred in China. The unexpected disaster destroyed the homeland, but it could not destroy the spirit of Chinese. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, China quickly organized earthquake relief activities with the fastest rescue speed, the widest mobilization scope and the largest investment in history. Life-and-death rescue of the magnificent mountains and rivers and unprecedented support from all directions have written heroic songs with a sense of the earth and the earth on the ruins of the earthquake, fully demonstrating the great spirit of earthquake relief, which is "United as one, United as one, fearless, indomitable, people-oriented and respectful of science".

　　Shortly after the Wenchuan earthquake, the Supreme Leader braved the aftershocks and came to Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, the epicenter to inspect the earthquake relief situation. Ten years later, on February 12, 2018, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a special trip to come here again during his investigation and investigation in Sichuan to present flower baskets to the compatriots killed in the Wenchuan earthquake and the heroes who died in the earthquake relief, and vowed to protect the earthquake site and make it an important patriotic education base. The general secretary has repeatedly stressed that "fighting against natural disasters is an eternal topic for human survival and development" and "vigorously carry forward the great spirit of earthquake relief".

　　Self-confidence, self-improvement, integrity and innovation

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and under the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, the Chinese nation has made an unstoppable step towards great rejuvenation, and in this process, it has inherited, carried forward and forged a series of great spirits.

　　In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the connotations of the spirit of model workers, labor, artisans, Saihanba, scientists, exploring the moon, fighting against epidemic diseases and tackling poverty, and deeply eulogized the noble qualities and lofty spirits of the winners of the July 1st Medal, such as "firm faith, practical purpose, hard work and dedication, honesty and dedication", which established the spiritual coordinates of a new era for us.

　　— — Model worker spirit, labor spirit and craftsman spirit: "Labor is the source of all happiness".

　　Socialism is done, and the new era is fought. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly praised labor creation, eulogized the spirit of model workers, labor spirit and craftsman spirit. In this important article, the general secretary brilliantly explained the scientific connotations of these three spirits, namely, "the model worker spirit of loving one’s post, striving for first-class, struggling hard, being brave in innovation, being indifferent to fame and fortune, and being willing to contribute", "the labor spirit of advocating labor, loving labor, hard work and honest labor" and "the craftsman spirit of persistent concentration, Excellence, meticulousness and pursuit of Excellence", emphasizing that they are "yes"

　　— — Saihanba spirit: "the miracle of changing wasteland into forest".

　　On August 23rd, 2021, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Chengde, Hebei Province, his first stop came to Saihanba Machinery Forest Farm. In Saihanba in August, the mountains are green and the forest is green. However, more than half a century ago, it was a desert sandy land with "yellow sand covering the sky and birds without trees". Several generations of Saihanba people listened to the call of the party, worked hard and were willing to contribute, creating the miracle of turning desert into oasis and wasteland into forest, and creating a typical example in the history of world ecological civilization construction.

　　In August, 2017, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made important instructions, pointing out that the forest farm builders "interpreted Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s ideas with practical actions, and created the spirit of Saihanba with a mission in mind, hard work and green development", and asked the whole party and society to "adhere to the concept of green development and carry forward the spirit of Saihanba". During the inspection on August 23rd, 2021, the General Secretary once again emphasized that "the construction history of Saihanba Forest Farm is an epic history of hard struggle", and pointed out that the spirit of Saihanba "has important demonstration significance for the construction of national ecological civilization", demanding that "the spirit of Saihanba should be well inherited, and the concept of ecological civilization should be deeply understood and implemented".

　　— — Scientist spirit: "Scientific achievements cannot be separated from spiritual support".

　　Since the founding of New China, the vast number of scientific and technological workers in China have cherished the motherland and served the people, and set up monuments of scientific and technological innovation on the land of the motherland, casting a unique spiritual temperament. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s scientific and technological undertakings have achieved historic changes and achievements, which are inseparable from the selfless struggle of scientists and the vigorous promotion of scientists’ spirit. In May 2019, the CPC Central Committee issued the Opinions on Further Carrying Forward the Spirit of Scientists and Strengthening the Construction of Style of Study, demanding that "the patriotic spirit of caring for the motherland and serving the people, the innovative spirit of courageously climbing the peak and being the first, the realistic spirit of pursuing truth and rigorous scholarship, the dedication of being indifferent to fame and fortune, concentrating on research, the collaborative spirit of gathering wisdom to tackle key problems, unity and cooperation, and the educational spirit of being willing to be a ladder and rewarding others for later study" be vigorously carried forward. On September 11th, 2020, at the symposium of scientists, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "the spirit of scientists is the precious spiritual wealth accumulated by scientific and technological workers in their long-term scientific practice", and emphatically expounded the spirit of patriotism and innovation, emphasizing that "science has no national boundaries, and scientists have the motherland". Scientific and technological workers should integrate their scientific pursuits into the great cause of building a socialist modern country, set up the ambition to dare to create, and strive to achieve more breakthroughs from 0 to 1.

　　— — The spirit of exploring the moon: "Dare to visit the moon for nine days".

　　In the early morning of December 17, 2020, the Chang ‘e-5 returner with lunar soil samples successfully returned to Earth, which marked the successful completion of the three-step plan of "winding, falling and returning" for China’s lunar exploration project after 44 years, and was an important milestone in the journey of building China into a space power. Since the official launch of the lunar exploration project in 2004, China astronauts have been reaching a more vast and far-reaching sea of stars with lofty aspirations of "flying to the moon", and have achieved their dreams through hard struggle and continuous struggle. On February 22, 2021, when meeting with the representatives of the participants in the No.5 mission of the lunar exploration project and visiting the exhibition of lunar samples and achievements of the lunar exploration project, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader spoke highly of the lunar exploration spirit of "pursuing dreams, being brave in exploration, working together to overcome difficulties and win-win cooperation", and stressed that "we should carry forward the lunar exploration spirit, give full play to the advantages of the new national system, bravely climb the scientific and technological peak, serve the overall situation of national development, and start a new journey of interstellar exploration step by step, and constantly advance."

　　— — Anti-epidemic spirit: "another heroic feat in the history of human struggle against disease"

　　COVID-19 epidemic is the most serious epidemic of infectious diseases in the world in the past century, and it is a major public health emergency with the fastest spread, the widest infection range and the most difficult prevention and control in China since the founding of New China. "Struggling with difficulties is both a material struggle and a spiritual confrontation." In the life-and-death struggle against the epidemic, the people of China and the Chinese nation, with their dauntless spirit of daring to struggle and win, interpreted the great love of the people and life first, and wrote an epic of fighting the epidemic with unity and perseverance. From angels in white to the people’s soldiers, from researchers to community workers, from volunteers to project builders, from the ancient and rare old people to the "post-90 s" and "post-00 s" young generation, countless people devoted their lives to the mission and protected the people with their love, and built an iron wall to protect their lives, vividly demonstrating the great anti-epidemic spirit.

　　In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded the great anti-epidemic spirit of "life first, national unity, giving up life and forgetting death, respecting science and sharing destiny". Life is supreme, which embodies the profound tradition of benevolence of China people and the people-centered value pursuit of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people. The unity of the whole country embodies the unity of the people of China through thick and thin. Forgetting one’s life and dying embodies the tenacious will of the people of China to dare to overwhelm all difficulties without being overwhelmed by any difficulties; Respect for science embodies the practical character of China people’s seeking truth and being pragmatic, pioneering and innovative. Fate and common destiny epitomize the moral responsibility of the people of China to work together and love peace. The General Secretary pointed out that "the great anti-epidemic spirit is in the same strain as the long-term idiosyncratic endowment and cultural genes of the Chinese nation, is the inheritance and development of patriotism, collectivism and socialist spirit, is a vivid interpretation of China spirit, and enriches the connotation of national spirit and the spirit of the times", and stressed that "the great anti-epidemic spirit should be vigorously carried forward in the whole society, so as to turn it into a powerful force for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation".

　　— — The spirit of getting rid of poverty: "a miracle on earth that shines in history."

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a tough battle against poverty, with the largest scale, the strongest strength and the largest population in human history, has been launched in China. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and through the joint efforts of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups, China has won a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty. Under the current standards, 98.99 million rural poor people have all been lifted out of poverty, 832 poverty-stricken counties have all taken off their hats, and 128,000 poverty-stricken villages have all been listed. The overall regional poverty has been solved and the arduous task of eliminating absolute poverty has been completed. The great struggle to get rid of poverty has created a miracle in history, and it has also played a spiritual hymn.

　　China’s overall victory in the fight against poverty has created a miracle in the history of human poverty reduction. The picture shows about 50 households in more than 20 cities and counties in Heilongjiang Province, smiling in the poverty alleviation industry they benefited from (imposition photo, taken from July to October 2020). Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Jianwei, Zhang Tao, Xie Jianfei, Sun Xiaoyu, Tang Tiefu, Xu Kaixin, Yang Siqi/photo

　　In this important article, the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary profoundly explained the spirit of "fighting with one heart and one mind, fighting with all sincerity, being precise and pragmatic, pioneering and innovative, overcoming difficulties and living up to the people", pointing out that it "is a vivid portrayal of the nature and purpose of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the will and quality of the China people and the spirit of the Chinese nation, a concentrated expression of patriotism, collectivism and socialism, and a full manifestation of China spirit, China value and China’s strength. It has continuously inherited the great national spirit and the spirit of the times, and stressed that "the whole party, the whole country and the whole society should vigorously carry forward the spirit of tackling poverty, unite as one, fight bravely, resolutely overcome all difficulties and risks on the road ahead, and constantly win new and greater victories in upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics".

　　To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we must be strong not only materially, but also spiritually. From 1921 to 2021, under the guidance of the great spirit of party building, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people fully carried forward the great spirit of the party and United and led the people of China to move forward towards the goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation; On the new road to the exam, the whole party and the people of the whole country will continue to carry forward the great spirit of the party, make unremitting efforts and forge ahead, and will certainly be able to write a new chapter of the times with new spiritual strength and cast a new spiritual monument with new great victories!

Special feature of 1905 film network Tiger leaps and dragons are born with purple gas, and the weather is good and the weather is good.On February 1st, 2022, the first day of the Year of the Tiger, the film market in China got off to a good start. Many city cinemas have a constant audience from morning till night, and it is hard to get a ticket. Watching movies has become a new year custom.

According to the statistics of the National Film Office, the single-day box office on February 1st (the first day of New Year’s Day) exceeded 1.4 billion yuan, ranking the third in the single-day box office of China film history. The top five box offices of new films all exceeded 100 million, from high to low, they were 635 million, 226 million, 213 million, 181 million and 105 million respectively.

On the first day of the Spring Festival, "Watergate Bridge on Changjin Lake" grossed 635 million yuan, breaking 15 movie history records, such as war, history, and drama films. Grand war scenes, fine special effects pictures and deep feelings for home and country make this film the first choice for most audiences to watch movies during the Spring Festival.

According to the current box office trend and audience’s word of mouth, Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake is not only expected to break the "curse" of the Spring Festival file since 2017 that "the box office leader can’t become the final box office champion", but also more likely to surpass its predecessor The Battle at Lake Changjin and create a new single box office record in the history of China cinema.

Four Seas, This Killer is Not Too Cold and Quiet, and Miracle Stupid Child are three single-day box offices on New Year’s Day, followed closely.

Among them, the racing theme work "Four Seas" is the third Chinese New Year movie directed after that. As the only pure comedy movie in the schedule, The Killer is not too cold and quiet is obviously different from other film types, and the audience diversion pressure is relatively limited. Miracle Stupid Child is the second realistic feature film after the director. Witnessing the third cooperation, Douban scored 7.7, ranking first among the eight new films. Whether the film can replicate the box office trend last year is worth looking forward to.

The competition for the Spring Festival stalls is fierce, which has laid the groundwork from the pre-sale stage. Before the official opening of the Spring Festival in 2022, the competition for pre-sale qualifying of eight new films was fierce. Four films, Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake, Four Seas, This Killer is Not Too Cold and Quiet, and Miracle Stupid Child, were pre-sold over 100 million, making them the most pre-sale films in China film history. Among them, the first day pre-sale of Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake was as high as 328 million yuan, which led the major new films and ranked second in the pre-sale list of the premiere day of China film history.

In terms of animated films, "Bears Come Back to Earth" closed at 105 million yuan on its first day. It is worth looking forward to whether the final box office of the film can create a new high in the series of "Bears". , and provide more choices for parent-child file viewing.

The box office made a good start on the first day of the Spring Festival, creating conditions for the whole box office and the box office in February to reach a new high.

In terms of cinema box office, the number of cinemas in Beijing reached 6 in the TOP10 of the national cinema box office list on New Year’s Day. In the data of the same period in 2021, only one Beijing cinema was on the list. The difference between the two may explain from the side that in order to better support the epidemic prevention and control, more and more residents in first-and second-tier cities have chosen to celebrate the New Year on the spot. Watching movies has become one of the best entertainment methods for local residents during the Spring Festival.

TOP10 National Cinema Box Office Rankings on New Year’s Day

According to statistics, from 2011 to 2022 (except 2020), the single-day box office of China mainland film market repeatedly broke new highs, from the initial 54 million to the highest 1.692 billion. Behind the fact that the box office broke through new highs many times on the first day of the New Year’s Day, it is not only the maturity of the Spring Festival file, but also a microcosm of the maturity of the mainland film market in China and the rapid development of the quality and quantity of domestic films.

As a cultural carrier, movies have the important functions of bearing social morality and actively promoting cultural construction and the prosperity and development of literature and art. At the same time, movies are the embodiment of cultural soft power. In recent years, the constantly emerging high-quality domestic films, such as "Watergate Bridge of Changjin Lake", have attracted widespread attention in overseas markets.

The transformation from a big movie country to a powerful movie country is on the way.

　　On May 19th, the reporter learned from the Ministry of Education that from May to December this year, the Ministry of Education will hold the 8th National Student’s "Learning the Constitution and Talking about the Constitution" series of activities, requiring all local schools to establish a long-term mechanism for the normalization of constitutional publicity and education. Where conditions permit, practical education of the rule of law should be included in the after-school service scope of primary and secondary schools, so as to promote students to receive practical education of the rule of law for no less than 2 hours each year.

　　The Ministry of Education requires all local schools to combine daily education with centralized education, online education with offline education, and on-campus education with off-campus education according to the actual situation, and constantly improve the constitutional publicity and education mechanism. It is necessary to promote the deep integration of constitutional education and information technology, and organically integrate it with daily teaching, extracurricular activities, after-school services, summer homework, voluntary service and social practice.

　　During the activity, the National Youth Law Popularization Network of the Ministry of Education will set up the "Constitutional Guardian" column of the Eighth National Student’s "Learning Constitution and Speaking Constitution" activity, and students who have completed the learning tasks and met the requirements will be awarded the "Constitutional Guardian" logo. The participation rate of students from all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps should be not less than 35%.

　　The series of activities also includes holding the local competition of "Learning and Speaking about the Constitution" and the national finals, the "network style display" of learning and speaking about the Constitution, the collection of micro-video of the rule of law animation, and the collection of excellent cases of the rule of law practice education. In addition, in conjunction with the 10th National Constitution Day and the Constitution Learning Week of the Education System, the Ministry of Education will organize the "Constitution Morning Reading" in the education system in early December. (Reporter Yang Zhanfei, Shi Yuxi)

　　Xinhuanet Beijing, February 2 (Reporter Yao Runfeng, Dong Jun) According to the introduction of the Office of the National Command for the Prevention and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, the acute infection of avian influenza has no specific clinical symptoms, and in a short period of time, symptoms such as loss of appetite, sudden rise in body temperature and high mental depression can be seen, accompanied by a large number of deaths.

　　Highly pathogenic avian influenza is similar to common avian influenza virus, which can be prevalent all year round, but it is easy to be prevalent in winter and spring because avian influenza virus has strong resistance at low temperature. All kinds of birds with different ages can be infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza, which has an acute onset and rapid spread, and its mortality rate can reach 100%.

　　Avian influenza is short for avian influenza. According to the different pathogenicity of avian influenza, avian influenza can be divided into highly pathogenic avian influenza, low pathogenic avian influenza and non-pathogenic avian influenza. Recently, avian influenza caused by H5N1 serotype at home and abroad is called highly pathogenic avian influenza, with high morbidity and mortality and great harm. Xinhuanet (Editor: Liu Feng)