Cctv newsRecently, the People’s Bank of China issued the Notice of the People’s Bank of China on Strengthening the Management of Payment Acceptance Terminals and Related Services (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). The person in charge of the relevant departments of the People’s Bank of China answered the reporter’s questions on the Notice.

　　1. What is the background of the Notice?

　　The payment acceptance terminal involves the reading and collection of payment information and the generation of payment instructions, and its security and compliance are of great significance to ensuring the security of payment information and funds. The People’s Bank of China attaches great importance to the prevention of risks related to payment acceptance terminals, and has successively issued a series of systems such as bank card acquiring business, acceptance terminal security and bar code payment business, which has played a positive role in maintaining the order of acquiring market and protecting the public information and capital security.

　　At the same time, payment acceptance terminals and related business management are also facing some new problems and challenges. For example, some market participants have been constantly renovating the means of altering transactions, and hiding illegal transactions by arbitrarily changing terminal transaction routes, merchant codes, merchant names, and transaction addresses, which makes it difficult for transaction information to restore the real consumption scene, which not only infringes on consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, but also causes complaints and disputes, and also brings opportunities for criminals to transfer illegal and criminal funds through channels. There are also some criminals who use the receipt bar code to transfer gambling funds and provide payment channels for cross-border gambling activities. In order to effectively improve the risk management level of payment acceptance terminals and related businesses, effectively cut off the "capital chain" of crimes such as cross-border gambling, and protect the interests of the public, the People’s Bank of China has formulated the Notice on the basis of in-depth investigation and extensive consultation with all parties.

　　II. What are the management requirements of the Notice for bank card acceptance terminals? Why do acquiring institutions and clearing institutions need to manage acceptance terminals?

　　Focusing on the whole life cycle management of bank card acceptance terminals, the Notice requires the acquiring institution to establish an association relationship between the terminal serial number and five elements, such as the acquiring institution code, the special merchant code, the unified social credit code of the special merchant, the settlement account of the special merchant, and the geographical location of the bank card acceptance terminal, and ensure the consistency and non-tampering of this association relationship in the whole payment process. Around the above requirements, based on the different responsibilities of the main players in the payment market, we will establish a multi-level standardized mechanism and form a management system that performs its duties and is governed by many parties.

　　On the one hand, adhering to the principle of "whose terminal is responsible", the main responsibility of the acquiring institution on acquiring business is compacted. The acquiring institution shall establish the relationship between the serial number of the terminal and the five elements. If any element is changed during the use of the terminal, the relevant audit procedures shall be re-performed. The acquiring institution shall adopt the bank card acceptance terminal with password identification technology to ensure that the transaction initiated by the terminal can be traced back accurately.

　　On the other hand, adhering to the principle of "whose network is responsible", we will tighten the responsibility of clearing institutions for maintaining the network order. The clearing institution shall organize member institutions to comprehensively sort out and evaluate the terminals accessing the network, and retire or upgrade the terminals that do not meet the notification requirements within a time limit according to the risk rating. At the same time, we will establish a registration management platform for bank card acceptance terminals, and manage the relationship between terminal serial number and five elements in the whole life cycle together with member acquiring institutions in the terminal network access, change, monitoring and exit. Once the monitoring finds that the relevant elements are inconsistent with the original binding relationship, the clearing institution and the acquiring institution should take risk verification and disposal measures to effectively prevent risks such as "machine shifting" and "code matching". Considering that the same terminal may access multiple clearing institutions, in order to avoid redundant construction, clearing institutions can build their own or entrust other institutions to establish management platforms on their behalf, but their main responsibilities will not be transferred due to the entrustment relationship. The scope of entrusted institutions includes other clearing institutions, industry self-regulatory organizations, third-party professional institutions, etc., and the specific objects and modes are determined by the clearing institutions themselves.

　　3. What management requirements does the Notice put forward for bar code payment acceptance terminals?

　　The Notice follows the principle of equal standards for similar businesses, and combines the similarities and differences between bar code payment acceptance terminals and traditional bank card acceptance terminals to implement classified management for bar code payment acceptance terminals of special merchants. For bar code payment acceptance terminals similar to traditional bank card acceptance terminals, which can collect main payment information and participate in initiating payment instructions, such as card code composite intelligent terminals, the same regulatory requirements as bank card acceptance terminals are implemented. For the auxiliary acceptance terminals of barcode payment, which only have the function of barcode reading or displaying, but do not participate in initiating payment instructions, such as scanning guns or boxes, code display equipment, static code cards, etc., considering the universality of barcode payment, it is required to strengthen risk prevention and control by establishing the corresponding relationship between merchants and the core elements of bill receipt, and strengthening monitoring means. In addition, for the bar code payment auxiliary acceptance terminal without positioning function, it is required to monitor the terminal transaction position through the payer’s transaction position or other calculation methods about the actual position of the mobile terminal to prevent the risk of terminal abuse. Considering that the implementation of the above monitoring requires cooperation and convergence between the institutions on the receiving side and the account side, it is required that the clearing institution and the member institutions on the receiving side and the account side establish joint monitoring standards and rules for terminal positions, and jointly determine the verification frequency, standards, modes and other operation paths on the premise of taking necessary security technical measures such as encryption and de-identification to ensure information security.

　　4. How does the Notice regulate the bar code of personal collection?

　　In recent years, personal collection bar codes have been widely used, effectively meeting the personalized and diversified payment needs of the public, and improving the efficiency of fund collection and payment in small and micro economy and stall economy. At the same time, however, there are some hidden risks in personal collection bar codes. For example, some institutions use personal receipt bar code transfer business to handle a large number of production, operation and consumption transactions, which not only confuses the nature of transactions, leads to distortion of transaction information, affects the effect of risk monitoring, but also is not conducive to empowering and adding value to business activities by means of payment services. There are also some lawless elements who use the "running sub-platform" to attract a large number of people to use personal static collection barcodes to remotely transfer gambling funds with gamblers online, hiding gambling funds in many normal trading scenarios, disrupting the normal order of barcode payment business and affecting the effectiveness of the traceability mechanism of gambling "capital chain".

　　In order to give full play to the universality and convenience of the receipt bar code on the premise of preventing risks, the Notice puts forward the following targeted requirements. First, refer to the management of special merchants for individual users with obvious business characteristics, and require such individual users to provide merchant collection barcodes to improve the service quality of individual operators. Second, it is required that personal static collection bar codes should not be used for remote non-face-to-face collection in principle, and it is really necessary to implement white list management to prevent personal static collection bar codes from being sold, rented or lent to build online recharge channels for gambling activities. Third, refer to the relevant requirements of personal static collection bar code for the personal dynamic collection bar code saved by screen capture, download, etc., so as to prevent criminals from evading policy requirements with the help of personal dynamic collection bar code. Fourth, it is required to carefully determine the access conditions and scale of the personal static collection bar code white list, the validity period, the number of uses and the transaction limit of the personal static collection bar code, so as to prevent the risk of white list abuse.

　　In order to ensure the effective implementation of the relevant requirements of personal collection bar code and the smooth transition of business, the Notice has set a transition period, requiring payment service subjects to comprehensively and fully evaluate the normal payment needs of customers, formulate supporting service solutions, do a good job in customer guidance and service, and ensure that the service cost does not rise and the quality does not drop.

　　V. What requirements does the Notice put forward for the management of special merchants? Why do acquiring institutions and clearing institutions need to manage special merchants?

　　Real-name registration system, a special merchant, is the basic system of acquiring business and an important guarantee to ensure the authenticity of transactions, maintain the order of acquiring market and prevent illegal and criminal activities. The Notice adheres to the principle that "whoever owns the business is responsible". As the first responsible entity in the management of special merchants, the acquiring institution should strengthen the substantive review of the legitimacy of the business activities of special merchants and the true willingness to apply for acquiring services, implement the obligation of continuous management of special merchants, and further clarify the way of verifying the identity of merchants: for entity special merchants with fixed business premises, the acquiring institution is required to verify the identity of merchants on the spot; For special merchants on the internet and entities without fixed business premises, considering the difficulty and high cost of on-site verification, the acquiring institution is required to verify the identity of the merchants in principle by manual or intelligent customer service synchronous video.

　　At the same time, based on the principle of "whose network is responsible", the Notice requires the clearing institution to establish an information platform for special merchants accessing the network, collect the core information of special merchants accessing the network according to the principle of minimum necessity, carefully manage the authenticity, security and legal compliance of special merchants accessing the network by member institutions, and continuously monitor the relationship between member institutions and special merchants accessing the network, payment acceptance terminals and the risk of acquiring transactions. The merchant information collected and used by the clearing institution is limited to the above-mentioned specific purposes and shall not be excessively collected or used.

　　6. What impact does the Notice have on consumers and small and micro businesses?

　　The Notice generally helps to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. On the one hand, the Notice further regulates the management of payment acceptance terminals and special merchants from multiple subjects and dimensions, which is conducive to preventing criminals from stealing consumers’ personal information or even stealing account funds by transforming payment acceptance terminals and applying for false merchants; On the other hand, the Notice requires the clearing institution to improve the payment business message rules, support the member institutions of the institution to meet the necessary and reasonable transaction information inquiry needs of customers, help improve the service quality of bank statements and transaction information inquiry of banks and payment institutions, fully protect consumers’ right to know, and reduce related disputes and complaints.

　　In the long run, the relevant requirements of the Notice on standardizing personal collection codes will further improve the quality of collection services for individual operators and small and micro businesses. For individual payment code users with obvious characteristics of business activities, the Notice requires the acquiring institution to refer to the management of special merchants. After the individual operators and small and micro merchants cooperate with the acquirer to complete the procedures for merchants to access the network, the acquirer should provide payment services according to the merchant service standards, and establish the corresponding relationship between the merchants and the acquiring settlement account and other elements of information according to the regulations, which will help prevent the outsourcing institutions from misappropriating funds and the big merchants from the source, and help to better protect the financial security and service experience of individual operators and small and micro merchants.

　　[Editor’s Note] As of September 24, 2016, the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, established on December 30, 2013, has been in operation for 1,000 days. In the past three years, the Central Deep Reform Group, headed by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, has held 27 meetings, deliberated 162 documents, and broke the topic of reform in many fields.

　　In the 27 meetings of the Central Deep Reform Group, the word "reform" was mentioned the most in the speech of the supreme leader, up to 272 times. Education, medical care and household registration reform … … The deep reorganization that seems to be "tall" is actually closely related to your life and mine. Weibo, the official of People’s Daily, specially extracted the discussion on "reform" from the top leaders at all the meetings of the deep reorganization group.

　　1, the reform should be "hoof disease and steady"

　　With the continuous advancement of reform, the relationship between interests will be touched more and more deeply, and we should be fully prepared for this. For the problems that have appeared and may appear in the reform process, we should overcome the difficulties one by one and solve the problems one by one. We should not only dare to make moves, but also be good at responding to them, so as to achieve "hoof disease and steady steps".

　　— — On January 22, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the first meeting of the reform leading group.

　　2. All major reforms must be based on the law.

　　In the whole reform process, we should attach great importance to the use of the rule of law thinking and methods, give play to the leading and promoting role of the rule of law, strengthen the coordination of relevant legislative work, and ensure the reform on the track of the rule of law.

　　— — On February 28th, 2014, the second meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was held.

　　3, reform should adhere to the specific problems.

　　Efforts should be made to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of reform, focus on solving outstanding contradictions and problems in development, and put forward reform measures that are conducive to stabilizing growth, adjusting structure, preventing risks and benefiting people’s livelihood, focusing on, concentrating on and implementing them, so as to be tight, detailed and practical.

　　— — On June 6, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the third meeting of the reform leading group.

　　4. We should push forward the reform with real guns and knives.

　　This year is the first year when the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed to comprehensively deepen the reform. We should push forward the reform with real guns and knives to make a good start for the reform in the next few years. All localities and departments should pay close attention to the implementation of the work, the implementation plan, the implementation actions, the supervision and inspection, the results of the reform, the publicity and guidance, so that the people can feel the tangible results of the reform and guide the broad masses of cadres and people to work together for the reform.

　　— — On August 18, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the fourth meeting of the reform leading group.

　　5. Wherever the reform is promoted, the inspector will follow up.

　　We should not only pay attention to the quality of the reform construction scheme, but also check and accept the completion results of the reform. Those who have not completed or are not completed in place should be held accountable. Check the whistle and shop for the adopted plan to ensure that it is in place. It is necessary to deploy and enrich specialized inspectors to carry out inspections on the implementation of major reform plans, so that the inspectors will follow wherever the reform is promoted.

　　— — On September 29, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the fifth meeting of the reform leading group.

　6. Laws and regulations that do not meet the requirements of reform should be revised and abolished in time.

　　It is necessary to realize the connection between legislation and reform decision-making, so that major reforms are based on laws and legislation actively adapts to the needs of reform and development. When studying the reform plan and measures, we should consider the legislative issues involved in the reform at the same time and put forward the legislative needs and suggestions in time. What has been proved to be effective in practice should be promoted to law in time. If the practical conditions are not mature and need to be tried first, authorization should be made in accordance with legal procedures. Laws and regulations that do not meet the requirements of reform should be revised and abolished in time.

　　— — On October 27, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the sixth meeting of the reform leading group.

　　7, reform should adhere to the eyes down, step down.

　　China’s regional development is uneven, and the implementation conditions of the reform pilot are quite different. Different regions should be encouraged to conduct differentiated exploration. We must keep our eyes down, step down, respect the practice of the grassroots, solve the outstanding problems faced by the masses in their production and life, and make sure that the ideas, decisions and measures of reform can better meet the demands of the masses, so that reform can serve the masses, rely on the masses and benefit the masses.

　　— — On December 2, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the seventh meeting of the reform leading group.

　　8. Pay more attention to the systematicness, integrity and coordination of reform.

　　Next year is a crucial year for comprehensively deepening reform, and we can be angry but not vented. All localities and departments should seriously review the work in the first year, sum up experience, find out deficiencies and explore the law, so as to create favorable conditions for future reform work. It is necessary to strengthen the sense of responsibility, problem and tackling difficulties, and strengthen organizational leadership. We should do a good job in overall planning and coordination of reform tasks, pay more attention to the systematicness, integrity and synergy of reform, focus on some reform measures that play a symbolic and relevant role, find out the hard bones that need to overcome difficulties, mark out the difficulties that need to be broken and the shoals that need to be broken, strengthen the coordination of major reform issues across regions and departments, and overcome the difficulties of reform with great momentum.

　　— — On December 30, 2014, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the eighth meeting of the reform leading group.

　　9. To deepen reform in an all-round way, it is necessary to take advantage of the situation and take reality.

　　The situation in different parts of our country is very different, and the reform needs to be explored and accumulated in practice. The central leading group for comprehensively deepening reform should observe the general trend, discuss major issues, grasp major issues, perform their duties, and give full play to the core role of leadership. It is necessary to make overall plans and coordinate the promotion of central and local reforms. If the central government needs to set the tone and draw the bottom line first, it should promptly disclose it to the local authorities in accordance with the unified deployment. Where local authorities need to explore the way and create experience first, the central authorities should give timely authorization to effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of the central authorities and local authorities.

　　— — On January 30, 2015, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the ninth meeting of the reform leading group.

　　10. Let the people have more sense of reform.

　　Push forward the reform under the rule of law, improve the rule of law in the reform, highlight key points, focus on the focal point, find the right acupoints, hit the key points, launch a number of hard moves that can be heard, stand firm and recognized by the masses, properly handle the relationship between the "first mile" and the "last mile" of reform, break through the "middle obstruction", prevent inaction, and fully display the gold content of the reform plan, so that the people can have more sense of gain.

　　— — On February 27, 2015, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the tenth meeting of the reform leading group.

　　　11, the people have a call, reform should be.

　　From the height of implementing the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, we must profoundly grasp the key position and important role of comprehensively deepening reform, show courage and boldness, consciously use reform thinking to plan and promote work, continuously improve the ability and level of leading, planning, promoting and implementing reform, and earnestly ensure that the people have a call and the reform should respond.

　　— — On April 1, 2015, the 11th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.

　　12. Strive to be a reform promoter.

　　The ideological and political work should be followed up to the point where the reform is advanced, and the ideological and political work should be carried out in a targeted manner to guide everyone to become a reform promoter. It is necessary to attach great importance to the adjustment of interest relations caused by comprehensively deepening the reform, comprehensively evaluate the interest changes before, during and after the implementation of the reform, coordinate the interests of all aspects and levels, and guide and deal with them in a classified manner. Efforts should be made to strengthen the orientation of employing people who dare to take responsibility and overcome difficulties, use those cadres who want to reform, seek reform and be good at reform, and encourage cadres to shoulder heavy burdens bravely.

　　— — On May 5, 2015, the 12th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.

　　13, the reform of sensitive issues, to ensure that the risk can be controlled.

　　Some reform pilots with many contradictions and difficulties should be scientifically organized and comprehensively promoted on the basis of summing up experience. According to the needs of reform and pilot conditions, the scope and level of pilot should be set flexibly. The reform pilot should be closely integrated with the big development strategy determined by the central government to create favorable conditions for the implementation of the national strategy. It is necessary to encourage local and grass-roots units to actively explore the vital interests of the masses in education, employment, medical care, social governance, innovation and entrepreneurship. For the pilot reform involving risk factors and sensitive issues, it is necessary to ensure that the risks are controllable. It is necessary to strengthen the overall deployment of reform pilots and supervision and guidance. The main responsible department should implement the main responsibility, who is in charge, who takes the lead and who is responsible.

　　— — On June 5, 2015, the 13th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was held.

　　14. Be both a promoter of reform and a doer of reform.

　　It is an important test whether leading cadres are strict in self-cultivation, strict in the use of power, strict in self-discipline, realistic in seeking things, realistic in starting a business and realistic in being a man, and comprehensively deepening reform. It is necessary to put the requirements of "three strictness and three realities" throughout the whole process of reform, and guide the broad masses of party member and cadres, especially leading cadres, to vigorously carry forward the spirit of seeking truth from facts, seeking truth from facts and being pragmatic, to understand that reform should be realistic, to plan reform should be realistic, and to implement reform should also be realistic. They should be both promoters of reform and doers of reform.

　　— — On July 1, 2015, the 14th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.

　　15. Strengthen the determination of reform and maintain the tenacity of reform.

　　Since the beginning of this year, on the basis of the good start of comprehensive deepening reform last year, all aspects of reform have continued to show a good trend of steady and in-depth progress, and new breakthroughs have been made in some important fields and key links. Party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen the determination of reform, maintain the tenacity of reform, strengthen ideological guidance, pay attention to studying new situations and new problems encountered in reform, persevere and persevere, improve the ability of accurate reform and accurate landing, and implement reform measures in a down-to-earth manner.

　　— — On August 18th, 2015, the 15th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was held.

　　16. Promoting reform and development through opening up.

　　Promoting reform and development by opening up is a successful practice of China’s reform and development. Reform and opening up complement each other and promote each other. Reform will inevitably require opening up, and opening up will inevitably require reform. We must unswervingly implement the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, implement a more proactive opening-up strategy, unswervingly improve the level of open economy, unswervingly introduce foreign capital and foreign technology, and unswervingly improve the opening-up system and mechanism, so as to expand opening-up and promote deepening reform, deepen reform and promote opening-up, inject new impetus, add new vitality and expand new space for economic development.

　　— — On September 15th, 2015, the 16th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was held.

　　17. Reform allows trial and error and tolerates failure.

　　According to the characteristics and difficulties of grass-roots work, we should promote the sinking of functions and personnel, and establish a power and responsibility system that matches the actual needs of grass-roots reform. It is necessary to improve the evaluation and incentive mechanism, not only to encourage innovation and praise the advanced, but also to allow trial and error and tolerate failure, and to create a strong atmosphere of reform, reform and good reform.

　　— — On October 13, 2015, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 17th meeting of the reform leading group.

　　18. A step forward before development requires a step forward before reform.

　　China’s development has come to this day, and development and reform are highly integrated. Further development requires further reform, and continuous reform can also provide a strong impetus for development. In the process of fully implementing the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, we should give play to the breakthrough and leading role of reform, enhance the spirit of reform and innovation, improve the ability of reform action, make efforts to modernize the national governance system and governance capacity, make efforts to make all aspects of the system more mature and stereotyped, and rely on reform to provide sustained impetus for scientific development.

　　— — On November 9, 2015, the 18th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.

　　19, the reform work can be put in place, the implementation of responsibility is the key.

　　It is necessary to form a main responsibility chain that runs through from top to bottom and is responsible at all levels, and improve the assessment mechanism that can be fixed and accountable, and all lines should be straightened and tightened. Local party committees at all levels bear the main responsibility for the reform tasks in their own regions. Party committee secretaries should not only personally grasp the reform and deployment, but also personally grasp the reform and supervision, and conduct pressure at all levels to ensure that the reform plan takes root.

　　— — On December 9, 2015, the 19th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform.

　　20, the party secretary should personally grasp the reform.

　　As the first responsible person, the secretary of the Party Committee should not only take the lead, but also go out to war, and personally grasp the reform. The major reform measures deployed by the central government should be combined with the local reality, be concerned at all times, follow up at all times, keep an eye on them and pay close attention to their implementation. It is necessary to put the reform supervision work in an important position and increase the supervision work.

　　— — On January 11, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the twentieth meeting of the reform leading group.

　　21. It is the promoters who support, support and dare to take responsibility for reform.

　　It is the promoters who support, support and dare to take responsibility for reform, and the doers who grasp, implement and achieve results in reform. The principal responsible comrades of all localities and departments are directly responsible for grasping reform and implementation, and should personally grasp planning, deployment, supervision and implementation. We should attach great importance to the reform tasks deployed by the central government and do it ourselves. If the central government has specific requirements, we should stick to it and implement it to the letter. If the central government puts forward the principle requirements, it should be refined and materialized in light of the actual situation.

　　— — On February 24, 2016, the 21st meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform was held.

　　22. Intensify reform, focus accurately and make concerted efforts.

　　To win the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, it is crucial to promote the implementation of the new development concept through comprehensively deepening reforms. It is necessary to focus on the formation of institutional mechanisms conducive to the implementation of new development concepts, intensify reforms, face up to the contradictions and challenges faced under the new normal of economic development, aim at bottlenecks and shortcomings, focus accurately and make concerted efforts, and strive to make new breakthroughs in enhancing innovation capabilities, promoting development balance, improving the ecological environment, raising the level of openness, and promoting shared development.

　　— — On March 22, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 22nd meeting of the reform leading group.

　　23, what people care about, what reform will be promoted.

　　Reform should not only advance in the direction of adding new impetus to development, but also in the direction of safeguarding social fairness and justice, pay attention to promoting supply-side structural reform from institutional and institutional innovation, and focus on solving institutional and institutional problems that restrict economic and social development; The people-centered development thought should be embodied in all aspects of economic and social development, so that the people can grasp and promote what they care about and expect, and bring more sense of gain to the people through reform.

　　— — On April 18, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 23rd meeting of the reform leading group.

　　24. Reform is painful, but failure to reform is a long-term pain.

　　Promoting supply-side structural reform is an important test of the determination to comprehensively deepen reform. It is necessary to realize that reform is painful, but not reform is a long-term pain. We should be aware of all kinds of contradictions, strengthen the determination of reform, and seize the time window of reform. As long as we have a clear view of the reform, we must grasp it to the end in order to win.

　　— — On May 20, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 24th meeting of the reform leading group.

　　25, the formation of reformers, not reformers under the guidance of choose and employ persons.

　　Reform is a revolution, changing the system and mechanism, and moving vested interests. It is impossible to do it without a real knife and a real gun. It is necessary to accurately grasp the internal relations of reform and improve the integration ability of reform system. To explore and innovate, we should pay close attention to reality, continue to encourage grassroots innovation, form the orientation of employing people with reformers and without reformers, and timely summarize and promote local innovative practices.

　　— — On June 28, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 25th meeting of the reform leading group.

　　26. Reform accurately meets the wishes of the people.

　　Reform is a revolution, and we must have perseverance, promote implementation by grasping the truth and seek practical results by doing practical work. All localities and departments should do a good job in the supervision of reform with greater determination and strength, not only to supervise tasks, progress and effectiveness, but also to observe understanding, responsibility and style of work, so as to ensure that the reform direction set by the CPC Central Committee does not deviate and the reform tasks clearly defined by the CPC Central Committee do not fail, so that the reform can accurately meet the needs of development, the hopes of the grassroots and the aspirations of the people.

　　— — On July 22, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 26th meeting of the reform leading group.

　　27. The brave win at the critical moment of reform.

　　It has been almost three years since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held. The reform is a real knife, bold, dangerous beach, moving cheese and gnawing hard bones, breaking through some barriers that were thought impossible in the past, and also solving some problems that have been tried to be solved for many years but have not been solved well, constantly tamping the foundation and accumulating momentum, creating good conditions for the next step of deepening reform. At the juncture of reform, the brave win, and the gas can be drummed but not vented. It is necessary to grasp the difficulties and make up the shortcomings. The reforms that have not yet been launched should be accelerated, and the reforms that have been launched should be accelerated.

　　— — On August 30, 2016, the Central Committee comprehensively deepened the 27th meeting of the reform leading group.

　　April 15th to 21st is the 30th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week. The theme of this week is "Comprehensive Policy and Scientific Cancer Prevention", which advocates everyone to be the first responsible person for their own health. According to the report released by the National Cancer Center, in 2022, it is estimated that there will be 4.825 million new cancer cases and 2.574 million new cancer deaths in China. Among the new cases, the top five cancer types are lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer and liver cancer.

　　the whole world

　　Lung cancer has become the largest cancer killer in the world, followed by breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

　　IARC)Freddie, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) under the World Health Organization.
The team led by Bray recently published the latest cancer report in authoritative journals in the medical field. According to IARC data, in 2022, it is estimated that there will be 19.974 million new cancer cases and 9.744 million cancer deaths worldwide. Among them, the number of new cases of lung cancer reached 2.481 million, accounting for 12.4% of the new cases of cancer in the world. This is also the first time that lung cancer has become the largest cancer in the world after being surpassed by breast cancer in 2020.

　　At the same time, lung cancer is also the largest cancer killer in the world. In 2022, it caused 1.817 million deaths, accounting for 18.7% of all cancer deaths, followed by breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and gastric cancer.

　　According to the assessment of FreddieBray’s team, about one-fifth of people in the world will get cancer in their lifetime, and about one-ninth of men and one-twelfth of women will die of cancer. However, due to the difference of development level, the cancer detection rate and cancer survival rate may be significantly different among different countries. Take breast cancer as an example. In areas with very high human development index, one in every 12 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and one in every 71 will die of breast cancer. However, in areas with low human development index, although only one in every 27 women will find that they have breast cancer, one in every 48 women will eventually die of breast cancer.

　　China

　　The incidence of female lung cancer in China is 2.6 times of the global average.

　　In the cancer data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the situation in China was jointly calculated by the Agency and the National Cancer Center (NCC) in China. The National Cancer Center has also published a number of studies, such as "Analysis on the Epidemic Situation of Malignant Tumors in China in 2022", which introduced the latest cases of malignant tumors in China in detail.

　　In 2022, it is estimated that there will be 4.825 million new cancer cases and 2.574 million new cancer deaths in China. The first cancer in China is lung cancer. Only compared with the whole world, the disease burden of lung cancer in China is more prominent. Throughout 2022, the number of new lung cancer patients in China reached 1.061 million, equivalent to 75.1 per 100,000 people suffering from lung cancer.

　　At the same time, lung cancer is also the most "fatal" cancer in China. In 2022, 51.9 out of every 100,000 people will die of lung cancer. This is related to the fact that lung cancer usually has no symptoms in the early stage. Once found, it may have developed to the advanced stage. Moreover, the prognosis of lung cancer is poor. Research shows that the five-year survival rate of lung cancer patients in China is only 19.7% from 2012 to 2015.

　　However, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in women are significantly lower than those in men.

　　Thyroid cancer and breast cancer are common health problems of women in China, both of which are related to estrogen level. It is found that there is an increasing risk between these two cancers. Compared with the general population, patients with either of these two cancers are more likely to develop the other cancer.

　　Fortunately, the mortality rates of breast cancer and thyroid cancer are not very high-in 2022, for every 100,000 women in China, the number of deaths from breast cancer and thyroid cancer was 10.9 and 1.1 respectively. As early as 2010 to 2014, the five-year survival rate of breast cancer patients in China has reached 83.2%.

　　Among the top ten high-incidence cancers in China, the incidence and mortality of other cancers are higher than the global level except those in reproductive organs.

　　What is striking is that the incidence of lung cancer among women in China is 2.6 times that of women in the world, while the smoking rate among women in China is only 1.85%, which is lower than many countries in the world. It is speculated that the high incidence of lung cancer in women is partly due to the air pollution in the outdoor environment and the indoor air pollution caused by the burning of solid fuel during home heating and cooking.

　　remove doubts

　　Is it an illusion that more and more people are suffering from cancer?

　　Compared with the incidence announced in previous years, the incidence of some cancers among China residents in 2022 increased a lot. For example, the crude incidence of thyroid cancer was 13.9 per 100,000 people in 2017, and by 2022, this figure soared to 33.0.

　　In this regard, the National Cancer Center reminded in a study that the detection rate of cancer is indeed rising due to the improvement of people’s awareness of cancer prevention and the increase of people who take the initiative to seek medical treatment. However, a statistical factor that can’t be ignored is that the cancer data of China released by IARC before came from the situation of some cancer registries in China, instead of being calculated based on the data of 2,806 existing cancer registries in China in 2022. Therefore, the gap between IARC’s cancer data in China IARC2022 and before does not accurately reflect the changes of cancer in China.

　　Is the incidence of cancer among China residents on the rise? Based on the continuous follow-up data of 22 cancer registries in China, some researchers analyzed the changes of incidence and mortality of different cancers in China from 2000 to 2018, thus eliminating the influence of changes in data sources.

　　Their conclusion is that in recent 20 years, the incidence of cancer in China is increasing and the mortality rate is decreasing. In terms of gender, the incidence rate of women is increasing significantly, while that of men is in a stable trend.

　　In 2022, the new cases of thyroid cancer in China accounted for more than half of the new cases of thyroid cancer in the world, which is also a significant increase of cancer for both men and women in China, with an annual increase of 16.9% and 15.7% respectively from 2000 to 2018.

　　However, thyroid cancer is not terrible. It is an inert asymptomatic tumor. The rapid rise of thyroid cancer in recent years is mainly related to the improvement of people’s awareness of cancer prevention, better medical care opportunities and the popularization of detection technology.

　　In China, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer, which have high incidence and poor prognosis, are declining continuously. At the same time, some cancers, such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, which used to be low in China and high in developed countries, are on the rise.

　　suggestion

　　How to reduce the risk of cancer in daily life?

　　How to reduce the risk of cancer in daily life? Listen to the advice of experts.

　　■ Change the unhealthy lifestyle

　　Smoking, alcoholism, obesity, stress, lack of exercise and unreasonable eating habits are all risk factors for cancer. Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, balanced diet, moderate exercise and keeping a good mood can effectively reduce the occurrence of cancer.

　　■ Pay close attention to carcinogenic factors.

　　Cancer is not contagious, but some bacteria (such as Helicobacter pylori) and viruses (such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis virus, EB virus, etc.) closely related to cancer are contagious. Maintaining personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle can prevent cancer.

　　■ Stay away from carcinogens around you.

　　There are many definite carcinogens around us, such as formaldehyde, aflatoxin and nitrite. It is recommended not to eat moldy food, and to eat less fried and pickled food.

　　■ Vaccination to prevent some cancers

　　HPV vaccine can prevent cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer and other cancers. Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B virus infection, and hepatitis B is a high risk factor for liver cancer. Vaccination can avoid infection with related bacteria and viruses, so it is recommended to vaccinate as soon as possible.

　　■ Stay optimistic.

　　A good attitude is a good medicine to prevent and fight cancer, and a positive attitude can help us maintain a normal and reasonable life. Learn to be optimistic and cheer up. Good at self-comfort, self-liberation. Avoid impatience, anger or unhappiness.

　　■ Choose individualized anti-cancer physical examination

　　Tertiary prevention can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer. At present, most common cancers can be found early by technical means. For example, low-dose spiral CT can be used to screen lung cancer, ultrasound combined with molybdenum target can screen breast cancer, and gastrointestinal endoscopy can screen digestive tract cancer.

　　Choosing individual physical examination items according to individual genetic history, disease history, age and previous examination results is the key to improve the early diagnosis rate of cancer.

　　■ Be alert to early symptoms

　　The earlier cancer is found, the better the treatment effect and the longer the survival time. When the body has symptoms such as abnormal lump, persistent pain, blood in sputum, painless hematuria, changes in stool habits and characteristics or blood, you should go to the hospital in time.
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Source: Huashang. com-Huashang Daily