First, the question: How has online class changed the study and life of college students?

In interviews with teaching deans, academic leaders, professional leaders, department heads, teaching teachers and students from different universities and disciplines, it is found that the teaching environment in colleges and universities has changed significantly. Respondents generally believe that since 2020, there have been "uncertainties" in the higher education environment in China, and the teaching quality is at risk of decline, all pointing to a hot issue-"the difficulty of online courses":

On the one hand, teachers are struggling to adapt to the changes in media technology, and the time and energy for preparing lessons are prolonged, and the teaching effect is not significant; On the other hand, students are good at using the function of media technology and find many "process loopholes", which makes it more and more obvious to avoid class.

The emergence of this phenomenon is obviously different from the "online class substitution theory" generally considered by the society.^[1]That is, there is cognitive asymmetry among observers, managers, participants and practitioners. Around this problem, the author conducted a two-year field survey, and through in-depth participatory observation and interviews, from the dual dimensions of objective reflection and subjective experience, explored the "hidden problems" of online teaching and learning under the background of deep media. Based on this, this paper reflects on the potential defects of college students’ online learning and provides solutions from the practical level.

"it(online class)Like mobile games, it is easy for students to transfer from offline teaching space to online.But how difficult it is to’ ask them’ to return to the tropic of cancer and reach the original offline state of attending classes."(teacher ZYJ).

This view has almost become the consensus of college teachers in recent years, and it is often discussed in anger. Guo Jianbin and other communication scholars put forward that "online classes have become audio-visual education.(learning)A contemporary form of "^[2]Modern science and technology have infiltrated people’s daily life, formed the basic elements of people’s daily life and transformed daily life from the inside.^[3].

From a certain point of view, online classes have challenged the educational methods handed down for thousands of years in the era of Confucius and Plato, and have been widely recognized. The reason is directly related to the barrier problem of "time-space communication" that needs to be solved urgently in public health emergencies. However, when the pain dissipates, its "side effects" gradually begin to appear."Online classes are a dose of’ painkillers’, and it can’t completely replace offline classes after all."(teacher HH).

"Although I have graduated, I feel that I really haven’t learned anything in these two years of online classes."(student WD). Judging from the current macro trend of higher education teaching, although online classes have some disadvantages, online classes still become an important part of daily teaching methods and become the "sword of Damocles" in the daily practice of higher education.

In 2020, the Ministry of Education emphasized that "suspension of classes and non-stop learning" is not a simple online class "^[4]. In 2022, "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Five Departments on Strengthening the Teaching Management of Online Open Courses in Colleges and Universities" clearly put forward detailed opinions on strengthening the teaching management of online open courses used by colleges and universities to identify credits, among which special reference was made to irregular learning behaviors such as "brushing classes", "substituting classes" and "brushing exams".^[5].

As early as 2013, online courses represented by massive open online course rose in China.Before 2020, it has always been used as an "auxiliary method" to improve the quality of teaching, and offline teaching has always occupied the mainstream.When the frequency of online classes is increasing, a very basic question is placed in front of us: what is the significance of universities as "physical spaces" for students? What’s the difference between full-time and part-time jobs? Is online class really a suitable teaching method for universities?

These questions come together to form the "dilemma of online courses" that higher education workers and college students have been discussing hotly in recent years, and they are all tied together on the "wheel of Vransky"-"accelerated driving system"(corresponding to the technical platform on which online courses rely)Not only does the function occur externally,It also enters the individual, and he(Teachers and students in online classes)Will be driven by the idea that they might miss something.The result is the feeling of being tied to a wheel that turns faster and faster. "^[6].

The fundamental reason behind "the difficulty of online classes" is that the public ignores the life dimension of media technology and human subjectivity. "The audience is actually an actor embedded in the context of daily life.（actor）, regardless of information acceptance or interpretation behavior is carried out in daily life practice "^[7]. This urgently requires us to reflect deeply.In addition to providing convenience for college students, what else does online class bring?

Second, the research design

This study mainly uses the method of participatory observation and in-depth interview to conduct field research. From March 2021 to March 2023, on the one hand, the author gained the subjective experience of "online class" through five online courses and 40 online listening and evaluating classes, and sorted out the "intuitive problems" found during "online class"; On the other hand, around the topic of "how to treat online classes", 63 teachers and students in colleges and universities were interviewed one after another, and on the basis of confirming the objective existence of the above-mentioned "intuitive problems", the individual causes and solutions were explored.

In addition, the prerequisite for becoming the interviewee of this study must be the use of.(class or lecture)The "online class" time is not less than one semester. The basic information of 5 courses and 63 interviewees is shown in Table 1.

In addition to the online participation in course observation, all interviews are conducted in a "face-to-face" and semi-structured way. The interview scenes include daily communication, after-class interaction, teaching meetings, supervision and inspection, student discussions, inter-school exchanges and targeted interviews.

Through the experience of "online class" and course experience told by 63 college teachers and students, this paper tries to find the crux of "online class difficulty", and looks for ways and methods to solve "online class difficulty" from the multiple dimensions of interviewer’s individual psychological motivation, behavioral feedback, after-class feeling and habit formation. The naming method of interviewees refers to academic practice and is marked with "identity+initials", such as student DXY, teacher HH and supervisor CGS.

Third, the change of habit: the alienated learning style under the logic of technology

Media technology has completely realized Marx’s "good wish" of "destroying space with time" more than 100 years ago, but "fetishism is actually linked with" symbol-thing ",which has been evacuated from its substance and history and reduced to a symbol of difference and a microcosm of the whole difference system"^[8]People are obviously ignored and alienated for years.

For college students, the manifestations of alienation are reflected in many aspects of learning style, such as:Material media such as mobile phones and tablets have become necessary stationery. Punching in and receiving words have become the core indicators of listening carefully, and the sense of ritual in the classroom as a public space no longer exists …For college students, this learning style is an instantaneous passive requirement, and it is also a continuous subtle influence. With the passage of time, a stable teaching habit has naturally formed, and the alienated learning style has also become a habit.

1. Internet and its hardware equipment as "necessary stationery"

Online classes are a socialization process, which is an important part of Elias’ explanation that "life is a’ networking phenomenon’".^[9]. Then, from the perspective of functionalism, "social values can be passed on to the youngest members of society without any problem, and these members will then reproduce them."^[10]. In the scene of online classes in colleges and universities, the socialization process is media, and its social value is the convenience of learning brought by the materiality and availability of media. Obviously, mobile phones, computers and Wi-Fi have become "necessary stationery" for college classes.

“Mediating learning style is the trend of the times,Others have been mediated, and I have no reason not to be mediated. I can get my degree certificate, and I don’t care if media will affect my knowledge acquisition. "(student DXY).

Through various channels, the author found the "online teaching notices" issued by 11 universities in various periods.When the educational administration issues the online teaching notice, it does not give too much consideration to the students’ equipment conditions, and often acquiesces that students can meet the basic material foundation of online classes.Regard related equipment as an "existing" and "necessary stationery". The academic affairs departments of each school will focus on maintaining technical communication with several mainstream online class platforms to meet the adaptability of students’ different "stationery" in order to achieve everyone’s "online class" as much as possible.

What’s important is that in terms of course effect tracking,Most educational evaluation departments do not consider the problem that students’ teaching feedback is "difficult to judge intuitively".Obviously, both students and educational administration departments have failed to clarify the logical relationship among "going to class", "going to class" and "having a good class", and they only focus on the "technical service" of online classes, ignoring the question of whether online classes are sustainable.

At the same time,This kind of "technical service" also brings great challenges to the "auxiliary management" within the family.In the communication with some college counselors and teaching secretaries, it is known that some students’ parents are often "very concerned" about the compensation for the differences in hardware equipment between students, and even think that "if the online class equipment is worse than others, the children will lose at the’ starting line’ of the university"(counselor LBW)The formation of these ideas has brought a certain economic burden to the students’ families.

First, the economic conditions of students’ families are quite different, not all students.(especially freshmen)They all have the infrastructure needed for online classes, and students in remote areas need to meet their teaching needs by borrowing computers, surfing Wi-Fi and meeting Internet cafes. Second, students buy electronic products with "bootleg goods", and buy new, higher-equipped and more functional electronic products on the grounds of online classes, so as to meet the needs of future behaviors other than learning, such as comparison, drama chasing, games and live broadcast.

Students’ "wandering" maintains a "delicate balance relationship" between schools and parents, bridging the information gap between parents and schools, so as to achieve the purpose of students’ individual behaviors such as updating electronic products. It can be seen that the main power of "auxiliary management" within the family is gradually transferred to students, and it is becoming more and more difficult for both home and school to guide students’ behavior, consciousness and concept.

2. "On-line, punching in and receiving" have become the three major KPIs for students’ assessment.

"Roll call" is a necessary part of curriculum education, and its premise is the "presence" of the educated "body", which proves that the educated and the lecturer are in the same time and space at this moment through question and answer. In the context of online classes, "punching in" instead of "roll call" becomes a substitute index of learning participation, which is the "implosion" point of the course teaching structure.^[11], opened a new wave of "simulacra order"^[12]Among them, "online" as status and "received" as feedback become the main ways to maintain this order.

Starting from the concern of Baudrillard’s simulacra theory, the relationship between the virtual and the real in the online class environment has become blurred, and the most intuitive performance is obviously inIts "spatial attribute" has been greatly weakened.. Among them, the "space" is redefined, and the live broadcast software in hardware equipment provides students with a "virtual presence" of "digital flesh", which is indirectly displayed by the names or images in the live broadcast software "member list", forming an individual self-enclosed "subspace", while only the "member master list" composed of all the students attending the class and the instructor can form a complete "space" in the true sense.

Then, when "online, punching in and receiving" become the three KPI’s of students’ assessment, can the "presence" in the form of button symbols in "subspace" accurately reflect students’ listening state and classroom order? Obviously, this question needs a big question mark.

"Early eight.(Course at 8: 00 am)Many people will choose’ hang up’.Now who doesn’t answer a’ to’ in the QQ group and continue to sleep back? "(student SY)

On the one hand, for college students who have not developed fixed and good study habits, the assessment method of "on-line, punching in and receiving" has fetal defects, which can not cover the loophole of "sub-space" established by them to help them "be present in disguise" and give them the opportunity to sleep late or even skip classes.

On the other hand, through investigation,Most teachers are not aware of this problem,They even think that the symbol "received" in the platform can replace the actual "interaction" as a unified way to feedback the learning effect, and "online" can also replace "present" as a universal criterion. Even some teaching supervisors, educational directors and dean of teaching often pay special attention to the proportion of "online", the record of "punching in" and the frequency of "interaction".

In the long run, this form of "effect evaluation" has become one of the indicators to assess the quality of teaching, which has become a "punching task" for college students; For teachers, it seems that whether students have learned knowledge is no longer so important.

In view of the above problems, the online class platform has also blocked relevant loopholes at the technical level to prevent the occurrence of "disguised presence". howeverThe technical "patch" of the online course platform seems to never defeat the lazy "magic" output by college students in the "subspace".

"Many learning platforms.(e.g. learning skills, etc.)Later, there was a real-time punching function, and even you could accurately locate your geographical coordinates, frame the punching time and online time. No matter how precise the technology is, it’s useless. I can ask my brother to sign up for my account. My brother listens to me, so I don’t have to get up early at all. "(student LXY).

From the student’s point of view, the problem of "alienation" brought by media technology is not only as simple as "pretending to be present", but also provides convenience for students to implement "policies above and countermeasures below" in operation. As can be seen from this,The technical patch of the online class platform actually further intensifies the conflict between two different roles in the classroom.

Through interviews, it is not difficult to find that, fundamentally speaking, the "space" in college students’ cognition is not the same concept as the space that teachers think: for teachers, "space is the classroom, and students must be physically present".(teacher JH); For college students, "school"(space)In my heart, it is not just a classroom, it is a space for public life, not just learning. "(student HYY). As a result, when teachers constantly use "online, punching in and receiving" to restrain college students’ bodies, they are actually drifting away from Marx’s beautiful wish of "destroying space with time".

3. Pay attention to the concept of transmission of education and ignore the concept of ritual of communication.

The two habits of emphasizing materiality as "necessary stationery" and virtuality as "punching KPI" have gradually been accepted by all contemporary university teachers and students. However, from the root point of view, this alienated learning style is actually related to the change of educational values.

The interaction among materiality, virtuality and values forms a logical closed loop of the change of college students’ study habits, showing a spiral upward trend, which further consolidates the dependence of college students on online courses. Among them, the change of educational values is mainly reflected in the fact that the subject of education regards online teaching only as a kind of knowledge "transmission" rather than a kind of "ceremony".

Combined with the viewpoint of American communication scholar james w. carey on communication concept,Online classes should spread not only the "concept of transmission" as real knowledge, but also the "concept of ceremony" as educational environment.^[13]. Therefore, from the perspective of sociology of education, we have to pay attention to a thorny issue, that is, the "controversial root point" of online courses is not in the teaching process, but that the difference between "linear model and field model" is ignored in teaching concepts.^[14].

In the field of educational communication, media and ceremony can be understood as three relationships: the ceremony of class, the way of class ceremony itself being ritualized, and the scene that "the media may become a ceremony or a collective ceremony itself"^[15].

At present, the so-called ritual view of online classes is a kind of "media’s own ritual" proposed by Kurdley.^[16],This shift of ritual field has gradually moved away from the true concept of educational ritual and lost the pure pursuit of knowledge dissemination.Specific in the classroom, will focus on alienation into three forms:

First,The relationship between teachers and students becomes single,It is easy for college students to form the wrong cognition that they have a "knowledge employment relationship" with their teachers. Some students said, "The teacher at the other end of the screen is like an AI, giving people the illusion that they are listening to the paid broadcast of knowledge."(student ZNN).

Second,Instantaneous, frequent and intense teacher-student interaction in the classroom becomes rare.For example, "I have questions about what the teacher said in class. Because the system has set up a ban on all staff, I can only leave messages in the message area, but many teachers don’t have the habit of taking care of the message area, so they can’t get feedback in time."(student YC).

Third, the group relationship between students in each course is in a weak connection state.The emotional connection between them is weaker than offline.For example: "After taking public elective courses, we still don’t know each other, and we can’t recognize our classmates when we see them offline."(student KYQ).

Then, for students, Golding’s so-called "the ceremony of attending classes and the way of attending classes are ritualized" cannot be perceived. It was too late when some educators found that "the ceremony of media itself" and "the ceremony of teacher-student construction" were obviously separated, which not only indirectly explained why students proposed that "it is better to go directly to the knowledge-paying website for online classes".(student ZNN)Question, also found it.Conceptual factors leading to the decline of online teaching quality.

Fourth, the consequences of alienation: the reverse suspension of students’ learning power

Compared with the past, the relationship between college students and teaching teachers, thesis tutors and teaching assistants has not become closer because of the development of media technology. On the contrary,The relationship between teachers and students is more alienated.

As Raymond Henry Williams said, the essence of this relationship alienated by the media is "alienation", which means alienation and alienation, and it is manifested as "widely feeling that people are alienated from society"^[17]. We need to treat this phenomenon as a "brand-new relationship". "Alienation is a relationship that lacks relationship … According to this view, alienation is not completely irrelevant, but it is a relationship in itself, but it is a flawed relationship."^[18].

Therefore, the final result of learning alienation has gradually evolved into an "inversion" of teachers’ and students’ power, showing a suspended state, which is reflected in four aspects: first, technical empowerment has laid a material foundation for the alienation of teachers’ and students’ relationship; second, bad study habits have provided environmental soil for the breeding of lying consciousness; third, the deviation of online course evaluation standards has further contributed to the formalism of collusion between teachers and students; and fourth, the misplaced student-oriented concept has provided an excuse for the lack of curriculum management.

1. Technology empowerment makes it possible to alienate the relationship between teachers and students.

"Teacher-student relationship affects students’ classroom participation, academic performance and learning motivation"^[19]It is also the premise of giving full play to the value of teaching and educating people.^[20]. However, during the investigation, the author found that almost all the respondents mentioned a common point: "We are tired of using mobile phones now.And the teacher(student)The relationship is also very similar to the’ zombie friends’ in WeChat."(Teachers JCS, QSQ, LX; Students YR, ZYL, CQ, etc.).

This "abnormal" way of communication has laid a hidden danger for the maintenance of the relationship between teachers and students in the future. From the perspective of college students’ media use and their psychology, college students can fully feel it in their daily study."social media burnout"I don’t have much energy to keep effective communication with every teacher.

According to the author’s investigation, college students need to take 8.88 courses and take 19.8 credits each semester on average. Different courses have different QQ groups and WeChat groups, and different courses may also use different online course software. There are group assignments in each class, and it is necessary to form a "group group" when flipping the classroom. College students are tired of "building a group", "finding a group", "joining a group" and "grouping".whatIt is the phenomenon of "one class and many groups" and "one thing and one group" that occurs frequently.

Although media convenience gives college students full autonomy in class, they can decide whether to learn, with whom and how to learn, but "insufficient flow, insufficient electricity, insufficient screen and insufficient memory" constitute the new "four major problems" in the online class era, which has become the main reason for the current college students’ distraction.

When reflecting the above-mentioned situation of students’ scattered energy to many teachers, almost all the teachers interviewed were secretive about this phenomenon. They unanimously said: "I don’t have enough energy, and the situation is related to the electronic and trace teaching process, and I don’t have that much strength to solve this problem again. Perhaps the ability is not enough, and of course’ energy’ is not enough. "(Teachers LY, WHF, FQ, etc.).

From the perspective of media motivation and behavior, college teachers are eager to carry out "teaching reform" through the online class platform, trying to give students sufficient power in the teaching process.Its purpose is not for teaching effect, but to highlight "trace characteristics".This indirectly establishes the conditions for the alienation of students’ learning style and the alienation of teacher-student relationship.

The root cause of this phenomenon lies in the fact that the evaluation standard of teaching begins to focus on the construction of online platform courses, including the collation and evaluation of daily teaching ledgers, such as the list of course names, the filing of classroom assignments, the flipping of classroom videos, and the records of group discussions. These assessment indicators have prompted the teachers to constantly increase the "daily records" of the course through various technical methods in the online course platform, while the opportunities for "direct communication" between students and the teachers are gradually squeezed when students continue to complete various records.

"I don’t know why I do so much homework, and I don’t have time to think about why. I really feel that there is nothing substantial to improve our profession. However, do what the teacher says, and it is important to complete the task. "(student HYY).

In this cycle, the relationship between college students and teaching teachersFrom an intimate teacher-student relationship to a blunt "task relationship",Students’ learning styles are getting farther and farther on the road of alienation, and the actual effect of online courses is even more imaginable.

2. The idealized "lying flat" has become a popular study habit.

In general,In the network environment, people’s attention is in a state of suspension of concentration and dispersion.^[21]In fact, this state is not conducive to students learning knowledge. Previous studies have shown that "in social relations, it is a kind of confrontational leveling to pursue low social interaction in reality and relative activity on the internet"^[22]. When attention suspension and lying parallel are related, the media provides full convenience for college students to promote the "lying-down learning habit".

On the one hand, college students are infiltrated by the culture of lying flat, and subconsciously long for the comfort brought by lying flat; On the other hand, the online class platform provides a "convenient environment" for college students to lie flat, which has been influenced for a long time.It is difficult for students to return to the "real teaching environment".

"I forgot what the classroom looks like. Now Teacher J often draws me up to answer questions. I’m actually bored. I have already formed the habit of watching NBA live broadcast while opening the double screen in the morning class, and I can organize a group to watch the game in the dormitory. "(student GY).

"Because I like to be in a daze, I really enjoy online classes. I stare at the screen for a long time and the teacher can’t find it at all."(student HYY).

The above problems and phenomena have already become a kind of "daily life" among college students, and spread among college students like a plague.This further strengthens the college students’ perception of "powerlessness, meaninglessness and self-alienation" in campus life.^[23].

In addition, some young teachers also have a "lying-flat mentality" towards online classes, which is easily discovered by students, thus indirectly weakening the enthusiasm of college students for online classes and promoting the continuous consolidation of their lying-flat habits. For example:

"Young teachers have a very strict KPI for evaluating professional titles and talent assessment. The micro-course competition is a shortcut, so it is not so voluminous. It is difficult to highlight the level of practical teaching. Young teachers can get a teaching award with a little effort in micro-courses, and the assessment will be passed. In addition, online classes are also convenient to be lazy, for example, it is difficult for students to find out if they don’t open the screen to read the manuscript; Sometimes you can record it yourself and send the video to the class group. I don’t need to care if the students watch it or not. "(Young teacher HX).

It can be seen that under the atmosphere of "you lie flat, he lies flat and everyone lies flat", the teaching quality of online courses can be imagined. However, lying flat is a "bad habit" that broke out in the online class era, but it is difficult for students, teachers and teaching supervisors as participants to detect each other, which further breeds "learning deception", "teaching deception" and "assessment deception".

The key to the problem lies in the fact that the teaching ledger can’t directly display the teaching effect under the technical empowerment, and the harm caused by lying flat is unknown to the "players" who are deeply involved in it and can’t be supervised. In the long run,Teachers’ lying flat and the defects of supervision further aggravate the "trend" of students’ lying flat.It is becoming more and more difficult to guide students to return to the road of "studying hard".

3. "Strive for strength" is not as good as "fooling around" to become a group consensus.

Under the dual influence of the alienation between teachers and students and the principle of lying flat, more and more college students realize that teachers’ evaluation criteria for students during online classes cannot be directly linked to the learning habit of "striving for strength". Offline, teachers can intuitively see who is sitting in the first row, who is taking notes and who is listening carefully. The realistic space can not only give motivated students the opportunity to show their learning attitude,It can also give students with poor self-control ability a sense of oppression in the environmental atmosphere and promote the formation of a benign teaching ecology in offline classrooms.

However, in the online class platform, students’ usual performance is difficult to observe and measure, and the learning atmosphere is more relaxed than that in the offline class. "Students like online classes, and the atmosphere is very relaxed. You can be at home, in the dormitory, and no one knows when you are lying down. Because we don’t show our faces, we girls can also avoid the time of makeup. It feels similar to offline classes, and online assignments can be found online, which makes it very easy to fool teachers. "(student XWW).

In the long run, the "bad mentality" inherent in a college student group will become more and more serious: students no longer pay attention to the performance in the usual classroom,And put almost all the focus on the final surprise review preparation,It has become the consensus of some college students that "striving for strength" is not as good as "fooling around".

After a long period of classroom investigation and course experiment, it is found that some students and teachers have gradually formed an organic "fishing group", and the two tacitly maintain the existing online teaching relationship, which is embodied in a subtle "collusion": as long as teachers do not fail students, students do not give teachers low marks in teaching evaluation, and the relationship between them can last and be stable for a long time. For the above purposes, teachers also make full use of the convenience of online course resources, reducing the input of lesson preparation energy.Transfer the right to "control quality" to students.

"A teacher’s classroom work is actually copied from others, and it is easy to find it online. We like this kind of learning to’ not embarrass’ our teacher."(student ZYF).

"Teacher S of Zhejiang University has a set of mature classroom assignments, so it’s no trouble to lead them in, otherwise I will spend a lot of time setting various topics."(teacher ZSJ).

Although this problem will also occur when teaching offline, due to the fact that many teachers constantly enrich the resource library of online class platform in the online class era, it becomes easier and more common to copy courseware, and the problem of "fooling and crossing jobs" at the teaching end becomes more and more serious. When the syllabus, teaching plan and courseware all come from the same channel, the characteristics, adaptability and richness of the course will be greatly reduced, and the enthusiasm of students will also be greatly affected. Under the subtle "collusion" relationship, teachers and students are well aware that "online classes are just a fool’s job", but no one comes to the point. For college students, the feeling of attending classes is just like what they say:"I feel that I went to a TV university."(Students ZYQ, CC, etc.).

4. Students’ selfish departmentalism is constantly misinterpreted.

With the continuous deepening of higher education reform and the continuous expansion of teachers in colleges and universities, the concept of teacher education can not keep up with the pace of reform in time, and teachers’ understanding of student-oriented is lagging behind and biased. On this basis, the concept of hysteresis has affected its teaching practice and gradually penetrated into students’ daily study and life.

Generally speaking, "the academic standard is transferred to the contemporary university practice of students’ subject development" is a generally recognized trend of higher education reform.^[24]That is, "to meet people’s needs as the starting point, to develop people’s personality and improve their quality in an all-round way, and to realize people’s all-round sustainable development as the destination"^[25]. Student-oriented should be carefully planned on the macro educational curriculum system.^[26]However, in the specific online teaching practice,Teachers often only serve, satisfy and cater to students’ needs in the way of education, which further consolidates the inversion of students’ power and the recognition of different chemical habits.

Through investigation, it is found that more and more college teachers’ cognitive deviation from student-oriented is more common, especially in the process of online classes. For example, lecture courses are often not fixed in time. In order to facilitate students, teachers arrange lectures at Tencent meetings, and the interactive atmosphere of students’ lectures is not enthusiastic compared with offline; For various reasons, graduating students forced their tutors to have online tutoring, but the tutors, because of their feelings, agreed to online tutoring even though they knew that the online tutoring was not effective.

"In recent years, many young doctors have been recruited by college teachers. They are inexperienced.Students tend to bargain only with young teachers.Many teachers have just changed from student status, and they are easy to empathize, so they began to reduce the frequency of roll call, reduce the amount of classroom work, and lower the examination standards. "(supervising CGS).

In the long run, students gradually lower their self-standards, from "masters" to "grandfathers", and the control of classroom power is almost out of control.

"The training program requires graduate students to attend more than 6 lectures in the hospital to get corresponding academic credits, but there are many lectures in the college every year. When the seventh session is held, there are not many students coming. Informing students to attend lectures is often very uncooperative, and they all say that they can attend six full lectures and don’t want to listen to one more. They think that the lectures are not attended by them, but the lecturers and teachers are embarrassed, and it is impossible for the college to give them credits. Some students even said,’ I’d like to see if Mr. C won’t give me credit or graduate because we won’t attend our later lectures.’ "(teachers CZW, LCF).

This shows that,Student-oriented doctrine has gradually evolved into a kind of "indulgence" at present.The daily teaching work composed of a series of elements, such as teacher-student relationship, teaching management and curriculum evaluation, has been subverted, and students’ attitude and enthusiasm towards learning has quickly faded. As a college teacher said: "The’ beautiful’ feeling of offline teaching can never be returned."(teacher ZYJ).

V. Discussion and Enlightenment: Ways and means to solve the "difficulty of online courses"

Although there are many students who actively seek learning communities and strictly maintain "good time management and self-monitoring ability" in the Internet age, the proportion of groups is not in the majority, and they have also had a crisis of trust in online learning methods.^[27]. Most people can feel that the development of media technology represented by online classes ignores the pursuit of college students’ life dimension and the observation of human subjectivity, and it is difficult to ensure the learning effect and quality of students. This is the crux of the current "online class dilemma" and an indisputable fact.

To solve the "difficulty of online courses", we need to solve it in the following three key dimensions: first, in policy, we should insist on taking teaching content as the foundation, methods as the core and technology as the supplement; Second, in concept, cultivate students’ pursuit of real life dimensions and open up the space-time cognition of campus life; Third, measures should be taken to correct students’ study habits and concepts and correctly integrate into university life.

1. Use media technology as a supplementary means to serve daily teaching.

To solve the problem of alienation of college students’ group learning, the most basic link lies in the further standardization of management dimension.Reverse "technology worship" at the level of educational administrators and teaching practitioners.The solution of this problem is the prerequisite to solve the "difficulty of online courses".

The survey found that many front-line teachers have long realized that the fundamental way to solve the problem of online courses must be through "management mechanism reform".But for ordinary front-line teachers, this "bottom-up" reform road is often full of thorns.

"As a teacher of journalism and communication, I know that the alienation brought by this media technology is subtle, and we are always on the alert for’ technical acculturation’. However, students and colleagues have been internalized, and teaching managers have also been internalized. Then there is nothing we can do. We must adapt to this set of standards and actively seek internalization. "(teacher ZSJ).

Obviously, the chain of acculturation is formed from top to bottom, that is, "educational administrators" influence "teaching practitioners" and then "educated people", and students as educated people have almost no right to "resist acculturation". Therefore, the first condition of "breaking the game" is to break the worship of online classes "from top to bottom" at the conceptual level. Take technology as a supplementary means of daily teaching, solve the "material problem" brought by electronic products as a necessary learning tool and the "virtual KPI puzzle" of "online, punching in and receiving" as an assessment standard, change "teaching from technology to" technology serving people ",and strengthen college students’ perception of daily life and integration with the real society.

In addition, taking technology as an auxiliary teaching method indirectly solves the problem that teachers spend too much energy on learning online course software, expanding online course functions and enriching online course resources, which is helpful to reshape teachers’ professional instinct of cultivating and pecking at course content. When teachers focus on the optimization and perfection of teaching content, and always insist on taking teaching content as the foundation and improving quality and efficiency in connotation construction, the learning style, learning consciousness and learning state of college students will change accordingly, and the teaching effect will return to the original state.

2. Strengthen students’ awareness and perception of the real space.

During the online class,College students’ perception of the real world is reduced,It is easy to form the illusion that "online classes are universities". Therefore, actively remolding college students’ "sense of reality" and "sense of space" has become the core and key to solve the "difficulty of online classes".

"Spatial alienation in the digital media era is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, remote presence not only damages the ability of digital media subjects to feel and understand real scenes, but also weakens people’s ability to empathize with space. Second, remote presence can neither completely replace face-to-face interpersonal communication, nor eliminate loneliness. "^[28].

This needs to guide the space consciousness of college students from two aspects. First, cognitively, highlight the consciousness of "classroom". It should be a three-dimensional "house", all the "people" and "things" associated with the curriculum.(including desks, platforms, blackboards, projections, and even air conditioners, monitors, clocks, etc.)Together is an inseparable organic unit in the classroom, and both are indispensable. At the same time, as an extended space connecting the dormitory and the classroom, such as canteens, lakes, grasslands, avenues, shuttle buses, bike-sharing, etc., which pass by after class, are also important components of the course content. As an intermediary between the course and the world, they construct the college students’ ability to perceive and empathize with the real space.

Second, in action,Cultivate the awareness of face-to-face communication between "students and students" and "students and teachers" in the course.In face-to-face communication, people can get a lot of interpersonal information by observing what a person says and does, so as to reduce uncertainty.^[29]Compared with CMC mode which relies on the media intermediary of online course platform, it greatly reduces the cost of communication. On the premise of online class as an auxiliary teaching tool, we should adopt the usual assignments such as group Presentation and online topic debate to stimulate communication and dialogue among students, so as to optimize the communication mode. Supplementary training in this way can gradually improve the classroom learning atmosphere, efficiency and effect of college students.

3. Reshape positive and healthy values and benign teacher-student relationship.

It is found that online classes not only increase the hardware cost of using technology and the energy consumption of making virtual accounts for college students, but also provide convenience for college students to lie flat and develop a foolish learning attitude. This further hinders the formation of college students’ positive and healthy values and the maintenance of a benign teacher-student relationship. The key link to solve the "difficulty of online courses" lies in solving these two problems.

Positive and healthy values and benign teacher-student relationship complement each other, and their interaction is the foundation for college students to build mature learning consciousness and cultivate good study habits.

On the one hand, the inversion of teachers’ and students’ power in the online class environment needs to be reversed, and the relationship between teachers and students in the university classroom should return to a two-way dialectical relationship: "This two-way dialectical relationship arises from teachers’ restrictions on students’ action boundaries and students’ resistance, and teachers restrict students’ action boundaries with institutional control."^[30]. By regaining the command of classroom discipline, teachers can completely solve the problems of students’ reluctance to open videos, using signal difference as an excuse, copying and pasting homework and so on.

On the other hand, make full use of internet technology as an auxiliary platform to provide sufficient guarantee for supplementary counseling, exercise communication and emotional exchange after class. In this context, technology is no longer an excuse to be lazy and a reason to let go of water, but a "technical supplement" to improve the quality of courses and educational methods, which is conducive to reshaping active and healthy learning concepts and providing full possibilities for the paradigm iteration of college students’ learning methods. The effective solution of the consciousness of lying flat, fooling and crossing jobs in the technical side, the teacher side and the student side can not only alleviate the alienation of the relationship between teachers and students, but also guide students’ learning concepts to return to the track of healthy competition.

More importantly, the positive and healthy values and the benign relationship between teachers and students have always been the "invisible soil" for China’s higher education. The "tree of college students" can grow in fertile soil, which is extremely important and precious for every college student who is full of expectations for the future.

references

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This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:ID：china-youth-study (ID: China-youth-study), Author: Cao Zhiwei (Lecturer, School of Journalism, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)

Longwan District presents awards to financial institutions that have made outstanding contributions to supporting local economic development.

The integration of technology and finance to help the high-quality development of self-created areas is one of the important contents of the creation of "two health" pioneering areas in the new era.

In order to give full play to the main role of local finance, Longwan District fully supports the development of small and micro enterprises in the region, actively explores the reform and innovation in technology and finance, helps science and technology enterprises break through the financing bottleneck, and builds a "fully closed-loop" technology and finance service system serving the construction of Wenzhou National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone. At the same time, broaden the channels for enterprises to find capital, graft capital and embrace capital, effectively solve the problem of "difficult, expensive and slow" financing, realize the quick, convenient and seamless connection between scientific and technological resources and financial capital, and make it a model of deep integration of Wenzhou and technology and finance.

Mutual benefit between banks and enterprises

Send a "warm heart soup" to the private economy

"Very unexpectedly, I didn’t expect a patent certificate to apply for a loan." Mr. Lin, general manager of a shoe machine enterprise in Wenzhou, said excitedly, "Thanks to the intellectual property financing business launched by government departments, we have enough funds to continue production."

This enterprise is an independent manufacturer of high-tech shoe-making equipment. In recent years, it has successively developed new equipment such as intelligent folding machine and intelligent cutting machine, and applied for many patents. With the increase of uncertainties in foreign markets, it has encountered the problem of capital turnover. "Just when we were at a loss, the business assistant brought us good news, and the company’s intellectual property rights had the opportunity to be exchanged for money." Mr. Lin said that after contacting Longwan Rural Commercial Bank, it didn’t take long for the company to apply for a financing of 1 million yuan with its self-developed equipment patent.

At present, there are 1306 provincial high-tech SMEs and 205 high-tech enterprises in Longwan District, many of which are small and medium-sized enterprises like this. In order to help these small and medium-sized enterprises, which value technology over assets, solve the problems of insufficient funds and support the development of enterprises, Longwan District and Longwan Rural Commercial Bank jointly developed "specialized loan" products for intellectual property pledge financing, and changed "equity assets" into credit assets. At present, the fund gap of 157 million yuan has been solved for 93 small and micro scientific enterprises in the region, and the value of intellectual property rights has been further exerted.

In addition, Longwan District is the first in the province to launch "enterprise environmental loan" and change "credit data" into credit assets. Innovatively launched "contract loan" products, changed "pre-purchased assets" into credit assets, and handled the first mortgage loan business of pre-registration of first-hand commercial housing in the province, which solved the problem that "forward housing cannot be loaned".

Jian Sun, director of the financial service center of Longwan District, said that in recent years, Longwan District has insisted on resonating with the real economy at the same frequency, and through specialized operation, characteristic development and systematic operation, it has continuously innovated and optimized financial products, linkage mode and enterprise-helping services, continuously injecting financial blood into small and medium-sized technology enterprises in our city and creating a "golden business card" for Wenzhou technology and finance service.

Information becomes "gold"

One-stop financing service platform breaks through financing obstacles

Financial activities, economic activities; Financial stability and economic stability. Serving the real economy is the bounden duty of the financial industry, and it is also a fundamental measure to prevent and resolve financial risks. In view of the practical problems such as few financial institutions’ outlets, narrow coverage, low penetration rate, narrow financing channels for technology-based enterprises, multi-head contact and multi-site operation, Longwan District relies on Wenzhou technology and finance Center to effectively integrate resources such as technology banks, venture capital, guarantees and financial intermediaries to build a comprehensive service platform covering the whole process of financing docking, screening, matching, negotiation and tracking services.

"Convenient, really convenient!" This is a compliment to the comprehensive service platform after small and micro enterprises advocate that Mr. Wang obtain information and get loans quickly. It is reported that the comprehensive service platform has opened up an online information acceptance platform and an offline meeting room, giving full play to the role of a bridge and providing comprehensive financing services for enterprises and financial institutions.

"Financing is difficult and expensive" is an important problem in financial development. The comprehensive service platform introduces big data to accurately match supply and demand. Through investigation, visiting enterprises and sharing resources with departments, we will systematically collect and integrate the information of local enterprises and financial institutions, and establish a database integrating the financing demand information of scientific and technological enterprises (projects), technology and finance service information and investor information.

Through this model, enterprises with financing needs can choose suitable financial institutions and financial products according to their own conditions, just like entering a supermarket. Financial institutions can also "sit in the right place" and directly and accurately grasp the financing intention, qualification, credit, operating conditions and industry reputation of enterprises, effectively reducing credit risks.

At present, the database has collected 52 financial institutions, more than 200 science and technology enterprises with financing needs and more than 180 "double innovation" projects, and pushed more than 300 pieces of financing information to enterprises or institutions, speeding up the access of enterprises to financing such as science and technology credit and equity investment.

A basket of new policies

Help microfinance to try first.

Small and micro enterprises are at a disadvantage in the financing chain because of insufficient effective collateral, imperfect financial system and weak ability to resist risks. In view of the fact that technology-based enterprises have light assets, small scale, and "double high" financing threshold and cost, Longwan District systematically integrates low-cost financial resources, and promotes the "double reduction" of financing threshold and cost through measures such as guiding fund-driven, interest subsidy policy support and financing risk sharing.

In the face of difficulties, the government plays an active guiding role. By exploring the "1+N" parent-child fund investment model and amplifying the capital leverage through the sub-funds, social capital is driven to invest in strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, advanced manufacturing industries and other fields that are closely related to economic transformation and upgrading. At present, 43 equity investment funds have been introduced through government guidance funds, and the asset management scale has exceeded 4 billion yuan.

As long as small and micro enterprises are immersed in industry, there is always a group of "smart stars" behind them. In view of the problem of expensive financing for enterprises, Longwan District has implemented discount subsidies for working capital loans and venture guarantee loans for small and medium-sized enterprises. An intelligent technology co., Ltd. in Wenzhou, because it has a patent right for scientific research and development, meets the conditions for handling patent pledge loans, and finally obtained a loan of 2 million yuan from Hangzhou Bank Science and Technology Sub-branch with its patent right as pledge, and the enterprise can also apply to the government for partial interest relief on the patent pledge loans.

Longwan District has also established a risk sharing mechanism of "government+bank+guarantee institution", guiding financial institutions to jointly tailor financial services such as bank investment, joint loan and credit guarantee for enterprises, and promoting the cooperation between technology banks and guarantee companies to set up a risk compensation fund pool for technology enterprise loans, so as to effectively reduce the financing risk of enterprises. Hangzhou Bank Science and Technology Sub-branch innovatively launched the "Kebao Loan" product, relying on the technology guarantee provided by the municipal financing guarantee company, and issued a total of 14.5 million yuan of corporate loans to 4 households.

On this basis, Longwan District launched a nanny service, followed by "sticking a pole to the end" and "internet plus Road Show" to further smooth the financing channels. At the same time, it broadcasted live on domestic platforms such as technology and finance Information Service Platform and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China High-tech Zone, and conducted real-time interactive exchanges with more than 4,000 domestic venture capital institutions and more than 10,000 investors, and recorded and broadcasted high-quality road show projects to relevant platforms for promotion. At present, the center has held a total of 98 roadshows, including more than 410 projects, including 16 live roadshows, with an average online viewing volume of over 67,000. (Reporter Lin Yingying)

On July 6, the Emergency Management Bureau of Heze City, Shandong Province issued a briefing:

On the afternoon of July 5th, affected by the warm and humid airflow in the southwest of the upper trough and the edge of subtropical high, natural disasters of strong convective tornadoes suddenly occurred in Dongming County and Juancheng County of Heze City, causing 88 injuries, of which 5 died after being rescued. Preliminary verification showed that 2,820 houses were damaged, 60,900 mu of farmland was affected, and 48 power supply lines were damaged.

At present, medical experts are doing their best to treat the injured. All kinds of disaster relief and production and life restoration work are in progress, and roads, power supply, water use and communication have been basically restored.

How did tornadoes form?

Tornado is a kind of small-scale air vortex generated under strong unstable weather conditions. The central wind force can reach 100 ~ 200m/s, and the diameter of the lower part of tornado is generally between several meters and hundreds of meters, and the extremely large tornado can reach 1km. After the tornado is formed, it usually lasts for ten minutes to several hours, and the attack range is small, but the destructive power is great.

Where are tornadoes prone to occur in China?

In the case of meeting weather conditions, the plain area is relatively high in tornadoes. For China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Pearl River Delta, the Northeast Plain and the North China Plain are all areas where tornadoes occur more frequently. The plain area is densely populated, so special attention should be paid to prevention and response.

Common occurrence time of tornadoes

Spring and summer

Most of them occur in thunderstorm weather in summer.

Especially in the afternoon to evening.

Tornadoes are highly destructive.

When encountering a tornado,

We should quickly find a safe haven.

"formalism at the fingertips"

Complaint reporting platform

The official website of the Corps and WeChat WeChat official account set up a platform of "formalism at the fingertips" to report complaints and accept the supervision of the province’s fire fighters and the public. Accepting issues related to "formalism at the fingertips" in the government mobile Internet application program, government public account and working group of Fujian Fire and Rescue Corps.

Source: Fujian Fire Protection, Comprehensive People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Management Department, Xinhua News Agency, CCTV News, Heze Emergency Management Bureau.

Original title: "Sudden tornado! It has caused 5 deaths and 83 injuries.

Read the original text

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that through the continuous efforts of several generations of scholars, the research results of major projects such as the Chinese civilization tracing project have proved China’s millions of years of human history, 10,000 years of cultural history and more than 5,000 years of civilization history. Chinese civilization has outstanding continuity, outstanding innovation, outstanding unity, outstanding inclusiveness and outstanding peace. Shangshan culture is an important demonstration of our 10,000-year cultural history, showing awe-inspiring innovation, and it is also an important starting point for the origin of continuous civilization in the Yangtze River basin.

　　Tens of thousands of years ago, modern people with common genes have spread all over the world. But around 10,000 years ago, only a few people domesticated wild crops with outstanding innovation, completed the agricultural revolution and started the process of civilization. China’s ancestors of uphill culture are among them.

　　The cradle of other primitive civilizations in the world is the Nile in ancient Egypt, the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the Near East, and the Indus River in India, covering only a few hundred thousand square kilometers. The geographical cradle of Chinese civilization is vast and diverse. The cradle of China, which is only the core area of early civilization, covers an area of nearly 3 million square kilometers. A diverse environment naturally nurtures diverse people and cultures. Since the origin of agriculture, it has shown the characteristics of multiple competing innovations and development. The ancestors of the north cultivated the earliest millet and millet in the world; Ancestors in the Yangtze River valley and its adjacent areas domesticated the world’s earliest cultivated rice.

　　About 20,000 years ago, the ancestors of Immortal Cave in Wannian, Jiangxi Province burned the world’s earliest pottery and began to collect a large number of wild rice for food, which opened the prelude to the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic in the Yangtze River basin and its adjacent areas. Around 10,000 years ago, the uphill culture in Jinqu Basin of Zhejiang Province really took the step of agricultural revolution.

　　The most solid evidence comes from carbonized rice particles. It may be that the rice accidentally fell on the side of the fire pit during cooking, and the rice was carbonized by barbecue. Although it was incomplete, it still retained the precious information of early rice farming. The small protuberance at the end of rice husk, called spikelet axis, is used to connect the trunk of rice husk and rice ear. The spikelet axis of wild rice is not developed. When the rice is ripe, the spikelet axis is difficult to bear the load and naturally breaks, and the rice falls to the ground, waiting for germination and growth again in the next year. The fragile spikelet axis is a delicate design of nature, which ensures the species reproduction of wild rice. When collecting wild rice, human beings will not pick up the fallen rice grains in the muddy water, but pinch the rice ears and eat the rice that is still preserved on the rice ears because the spikelet axis is relatively strong. Therefore, all rice seeds sown by human beings have strong spikelet axis genes. After long-term artificial intervention, the spikelet axis of rice will become stronger and stronger, and it will not fall off naturally, which is beneficial for human beings to collect and eat.

　　Abundant rice remains, including carbonized rice, rice husk, spikelet shaft and other different parts, have been unearthed at Qiaotou site in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, with a total of more than 50,000 samples. The spikelet axis showed obvious domestication characteristics, indicating that rice farming had started around 10 thousand years ago, and the planted rice had become an important food source. In the analysis of soil samples in the lower cultural layer, rice phytolith with domestication characteristics was found, and the follow-up study may trace the agricultural origin of China back to an earlier period. At present, rice farming has fed 60% of the world’s population, which is a great contribution made by Chinese civilization to the survival and development of mankind.

　　The agricultural revolution is an epoch-making change from directly obtaining food from nature to transforming nature, domesticating animals and plants, and actively producing food. It not only greatly improves human survival ability, but also directly leads to profound changes in lifestyle, social organization and ideology. Relying on cultivated land makes settlement an inevitable way of living for agricultural people. During the hunting and gathering period, the natural mountains, rivers, lakes, wild animals and plants were all shared resources by the whole community. After the emergence of settled agricultural villages, cultivated land and grain produced are more likely to be converted into private property of pioneers and cultivators. Compared with hunting and gathering, the harvest of crops is more predictable. With more manpower and more sweat, you can get more harvest. Crops are also more conducive to long-term storage and provide survival guarantee when natural food resources are in short supply. These characteristics of agriculture are conducive to the accumulation of private wealth and are more likely to cause polarization between the rich and the poor. A more stable food source will inevitably bring about population growth, the expansion of community size, and ultimately promote the development of social organizations.

　　Qiaotou site is a typical representative of settled villages in the origin of rice farming. The village covers an area of 20,000 square meters, surrounded by carefully planned trenches, column holes of dry-column buildings that have been lived in the trenches for a long time, pits for storing food for a long time, pottery, stone tools, animal and plant remains left over from long-term life, and tombs for burying the dead, which reflect rich content of settlement life.

　　A stable and leisurely life will naturally lead to the development of culture and art. The pottery of Shangshan culture presents amazing elegance.

　　At that time, the process of making pottery was quite complicated. The brown clay tire of the pottery blank will be immersed in white mud and gently taken out, and the body has become white. Mud is made of clay containing silicon and aluminum, which is the raw material for making porcelain later, and is called "cosmetic soil". The white body will be immersed in the red mud again, dyed into warm red, and after firing, it will form a unique "mountain red". There are quite a variety of pottery, including large pots, flat chassis, pots, cans and foot-circling devices. There are many hollows on the circle foot of the circle foot device, not for practicality, but for beauty. The elegant neck and well-proportioned abdomen of the high-necked bottle are not inferior to the highest level porcelain in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

　　The ancestors who went up the mountain even scratched the red pottery with white colors, drawing various images and symbols. This is the earliest painted pottery in China, revealing profound spiritual information. There is a magic pattern on each side of the neck of a pottery jar. There are two kinds of patterns, and the patterns in symmetrical positions are the same. In the first pattern, there are three broken short lines, one continuous short line in the middle and two broken short lines on it. The following three breaks are exactly the same as the Kun hexagrams in the eight diagrams, and the two paragraphs above are exactly the same as the earthquake hexagrams, and the lower Kun is shocked, which is the "Yu" hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams. The second pattern consists of six short broken lines, and a long arc is sandwiched between the two broken lines. If you don’t consider this long arc with unknown meaning, it seems to contain six hexagrams. The broken line has the same meaning as the broken line, and the six hexagrams are all broken lines, which are the divinatory symbols of Kungua. Of course, it is difficult for us to say that 9000 years ago, the profound meaning and all the divinatory images of Zhouyi had been formed. But such similarity is hard to explain by coincidence. We can at least speculate that the Yijing-style way of thinking has sprouted in that distant era. Other typical decorations, such as grouped dots, "sun" patterns and triangular patterns on the top, are also not realistic or add "aesthetic feeling", but more like abstract stippling to convey mysterious meaning. Its true meaning is still difficult to decipher, but it is more intriguing than realistic images.

　　The social development mode based on rice farming laid by Shangshan culture has far-reaching influence. Archaeologists poetically describe the process of civilization in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River as "climbing a mountain, crossing a bridge, passing a ferry and coming to a beautiful continent surrounded by mountains and water". Around 8000 years ago, the cross-lake bridge culture rose in Ningshao Plain, and rice farming further developed. The formation of Hemudu culture around 7000 years ago marked the maturity of rice farming. Yuyao Shi ‘ao Site found the largest, oldest and most well-documented ancient rice field in the world, which was tens of thousands of square meters in Hemudu culture period and continued to be used until Liangzhu culture period more than 5,000 years ago. Different from millet agriculture, which basically depends on the weather, large-scale rice farming has high requirements for farmland water conservancy facilities, so it also promotes social development more effectively. The rise of Liangzhu culture is marked by the large-scale construction of water conservancy facilities. The water conservancy facilities around Liangzhu ancient city are huge and complex, which can effectively block the once-in-a-century flood, regulate the flow of more than 100 square kilometers of rivers, irrigate rice fields and form an efficient transportation network. Carbonized rice remains equivalent to nearly 200 thousand kilograms of rice were found in the core area of Liangzhu ancient city. It is precisely because of the highly developed rice farming that the ancestors of Liangzhu successfully built the earliest national political organization of Chinese civilization and became the most powerful demonstration of Chinese civilization for 5,000 years.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader proposed to "promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese civilization, activate its vitality, carry forward the cultural spirit that spans time and space, transcends the country, is full of eternal charm and has contemporary value, and make the cultural relics collected in museums, the heritage displayed on the vast land and the words written in ancient books come alive, so that Chinese civilization, together with the colorful civilizations created by people all over the world, can provide correct spiritual guidance and strong spiritual motivation for mankind". As an important demonstration of the origin of rice farming in the world and the ten thousand-year cultural history of China, and an important starting point of the origin of Chinese civilization, the important value of Shangshan culture goes without saying, and its cultural remains are very promising in ontology protection, value interpretation, achievement display and utilization. With the further development of archaeological excavation and multidisciplinary research, the construction of related ruins parks and museums, and the implementation of more creative publicity and display strategies, it is believed that Shangshan culture will become an increasingly eye-catching cultural brand, providing a far-reaching cultural foundation for Zhejiang’s Chinese modernization.

　　[The author is the deputy director of the Institute of Ancient History, China Academy of Social Sciences]