First, the question: How has online class changed the study and life of college students?

In interviews with teaching deans, academic leaders, professional leaders, department heads, teaching teachers and students from different universities and disciplines, it is found that the teaching environment in colleges and universities has changed significantly. Respondents generally believe that since 2020, there have been "uncertainties" in the higher education environment in China, and the teaching quality is at risk of decline, all pointing to a hot issue-"the difficulty of online courses":

On the one hand, teachers are struggling to adapt to the changes in media technology, and the time and energy for preparing lessons are prolonged, and the teaching effect is not significant; On the other hand, students are good at using the function of media technology and find many "process loopholes", which makes it more and more obvious to avoid class.

The emergence of this phenomenon is obviously different from the "online class substitution theory" generally considered by the society.^[1]That is, there is cognitive asymmetry among observers, managers, participants and practitioners. Around this problem, the author conducted a two-year field survey, and through in-depth participatory observation and interviews, from the dual dimensions of objective reflection and subjective experience, explored the "hidden problems" of online teaching and learning under the background of deep media. Based on this, this paper reflects on the potential defects of college students’ online learning and provides solutions from the practical level.

"it(online class)Like mobile games, it is easy for students to transfer from offline teaching space to online.But how difficult it is to’ ask them’ to return to the tropic of cancer and reach the original offline state of attending classes."(teacher ZYJ).

This view has almost become the consensus of college teachers in recent years, and it is often discussed in anger. Guo Jianbin and other communication scholars put forward that "online classes have become audio-visual education.(learning)A contemporary form of "^[2]Modern science and technology have infiltrated people’s daily life, formed the basic elements of people’s daily life and transformed daily life from the inside.^[3].

From a certain point of view, online classes have challenged the educational methods handed down for thousands of years in the era of Confucius and Plato, and have been widely recognized. The reason is directly related to the barrier problem of "time-space communication" that needs to be solved urgently in public health emergencies. However, when the pain dissipates, its "side effects" gradually begin to appear."Online classes are a dose of’ painkillers’, and it can’t completely replace offline classes after all."(teacher HH).

"Although I have graduated, I feel that I really haven’t learned anything in these two years of online classes."(student WD). Judging from the current macro trend of higher education teaching, although online classes have some disadvantages, online classes still become an important part of daily teaching methods and become the "sword of Damocles" in the daily practice of higher education.

In 2020, the Ministry of Education emphasized that "suspension of classes and non-stop learning" is not a simple online class "^[4]. In 2022, "Several Opinions of the Ministry of Education and Other Five Departments on Strengthening the Teaching Management of Online Open Courses in Colleges and Universities" clearly put forward detailed opinions on strengthening the teaching management of online open courses used by colleges and universities to identify credits, among which special reference was made to irregular learning behaviors such as "brushing classes", "substituting classes" and "brushing exams".^[5].

As early as 2013, online courses represented by massive open online course rose in China.Before 2020, it has always been used as an "auxiliary method" to improve the quality of teaching, and offline teaching has always occupied the mainstream.When the frequency of online classes is increasing, a very basic question is placed in front of us: what is the significance of universities as "physical spaces" for students? What’s the difference between full-time and part-time jobs? Is online class really a suitable teaching method for universities?

These questions come together to form the "dilemma of online courses" that higher education workers and college students have been discussing hotly in recent years, and they are all tied together on the "wheel of Vransky"-"accelerated driving system"(corresponding to the technical platform on which online courses rely)Not only does the function occur externally,It also enters the individual, and he(Teachers and students in online classes)Will be driven by the idea that they might miss something.The result is the feeling of being tied to a wheel that turns faster and faster. "^[6].

The fundamental reason behind "the difficulty of online classes" is that the public ignores the life dimension of media technology and human subjectivity. "The audience is actually an actor embedded in the context of daily life.（actor）, regardless of information acceptance or interpretation behavior is carried out in daily life practice "^[7]. This urgently requires us to reflect deeply.In addition to providing convenience for college students, what else does online class bring?

Second, the research design

This study mainly uses the method of participatory observation and in-depth interview to conduct field research. From March 2021 to March 2023, on the one hand, the author gained the subjective experience of "online class" through five online courses and 40 online listening and evaluating classes, and sorted out the "intuitive problems" found during "online class"; On the other hand, around the topic of "how to treat online classes", 63 teachers and students in colleges and universities were interviewed one after another, and on the basis of confirming the objective existence of the above-mentioned "intuitive problems", the individual causes and solutions were explored.

In addition, the prerequisite for becoming the interviewee of this study must be the use of.(class or lecture)The "online class" time is not less than one semester. The basic information of 5 courses and 63 interviewees is shown in Table 1.

In addition to the online participation in course observation, all interviews are conducted in a "face-to-face" and semi-structured way. The interview scenes include daily communication, after-class interaction, teaching meetings, supervision and inspection, student discussions, inter-school exchanges and targeted interviews.

Through the experience of "online class" and course experience told by 63 college teachers and students, this paper tries to find the crux of "online class difficulty", and looks for ways and methods to solve "online class difficulty" from the multiple dimensions of interviewer’s individual psychological motivation, behavioral feedback, after-class feeling and habit formation. The naming method of interviewees refers to academic practice and is marked with "identity+initials", such as student DXY, teacher HH and supervisor CGS.

Third, the change of habit: the alienated learning style under the logic of technology

Media technology has completely realized Marx’s "good wish" of "destroying space with time" more than 100 years ago, but "fetishism is actually linked with" symbol-thing ",which has been evacuated from its substance and history and reduced to a symbol of difference and a microcosm of the whole difference system"^[8]People are obviously ignored and alienated for years.

For college students, the manifestations of alienation are reflected in many aspects of learning style, such as:Material media such as mobile phones and tablets have become necessary stationery. Punching in and receiving words have become the core indicators of listening carefully, and the sense of ritual in the classroom as a public space no longer exists …For college students, this learning style is an instantaneous passive requirement, and it is also a continuous subtle influence. With the passage of time, a stable teaching habit has naturally formed, and the alienated learning style has also become a habit.

1. Internet and its hardware equipment as "necessary stationery"

Online classes are a socialization process, which is an important part of Elias’ explanation that "life is a’ networking phenomenon’".^[9]. Then, from the perspective of functionalism, "social values can be passed on to the youngest members of society without any problem, and these members will then reproduce them."^[10]. In the scene of online classes in colleges and universities, the socialization process is media, and its social value is the convenience of learning brought by the materiality and availability of media. Obviously, mobile phones, computers and Wi-Fi have become "necessary stationery" for college classes.

“Mediating learning style is the trend of the times,Others have been mediated, and I have no reason not to be mediated. I can get my degree certificate, and I don’t care if media will affect my knowledge acquisition. "(student DXY).

Through various channels, the author found the "online teaching notices" issued by 11 universities in various periods.When the educational administration issues the online teaching notice, it does not give too much consideration to the students’ equipment conditions, and often acquiesces that students can meet the basic material foundation of online classes.Regard related equipment as an "existing" and "necessary stationery". The academic affairs departments of each school will focus on maintaining technical communication with several mainstream online class platforms to meet the adaptability of students’ different "stationery" in order to achieve everyone’s "online class" as much as possible.

What’s important is that in terms of course effect tracking,Most educational evaluation departments do not consider the problem that students’ teaching feedback is "difficult to judge intuitively".Obviously, both students and educational administration departments have failed to clarify the logical relationship among "going to class", "going to class" and "having a good class", and they only focus on the "technical service" of online classes, ignoring the question of whether online classes are sustainable.

At the same time,This kind of "technical service" also brings great challenges to the "auxiliary management" within the family.In the communication with some college counselors and teaching secretaries, it is known that some students’ parents are often "very concerned" about the compensation for the differences in hardware equipment between students, and even think that "if the online class equipment is worse than others, the children will lose at the’ starting line’ of the university"(counselor LBW)The formation of these ideas has brought a certain economic burden to the students’ families.

First, the economic conditions of students’ families are quite different, not all students.(especially freshmen)They all have the infrastructure needed for online classes, and students in remote areas need to meet their teaching needs by borrowing computers, surfing Wi-Fi and meeting Internet cafes. Second, students buy electronic products with "bootleg goods", and buy new, higher-equipped and more functional electronic products on the grounds of online classes, so as to meet the needs of future behaviors other than learning, such as comparison, drama chasing, games and live broadcast.

Students’ "wandering" maintains a "delicate balance relationship" between schools and parents, bridging the information gap between parents and schools, so as to achieve the purpose of students’ individual behaviors such as updating electronic products. It can be seen that the main power of "auxiliary management" within the family is gradually transferred to students, and it is becoming more and more difficult for both home and school to guide students’ behavior, consciousness and concept.

2. "On-line, punching in and receiving" have become the three major KPIs for students’ assessment.

"Roll call" is a necessary part of curriculum education, and its premise is the "presence" of the educated "body", which proves that the educated and the lecturer are in the same time and space at this moment through question and answer. In the context of online classes, "punching in" instead of "roll call" becomes a substitute index of learning participation, which is the "implosion" point of the course teaching structure.^[11], opened a new wave of "simulacra order"^[12]Among them, "online" as status and "received" as feedback become the main ways to maintain this order.

Starting from the concern of Baudrillard’s simulacra theory, the relationship between the virtual and the real in the online class environment has become blurred, and the most intuitive performance is obviously inIts "spatial attribute" has been greatly weakened.. Among them, the "space" is redefined, and the live broadcast software in hardware equipment provides students with a "virtual presence" of "digital flesh", which is indirectly displayed by the names or images in the live broadcast software "member list", forming an individual self-enclosed "subspace", while only the "member master list" composed of all the students attending the class and the instructor can form a complete "space" in the true sense.

Then, when "online, punching in and receiving" become the three KPI’s of students’ assessment, can the "presence" in the form of button symbols in "subspace" accurately reflect students’ listening state and classroom order? Obviously, this question needs a big question mark.

"Early eight.(Course at 8: 00 am)Many people will choose’ hang up’.Now who doesn’t answer a’ to’ in the QQ group and continue to sleep back? "(student SY)

On the one hand, for college students who have not developed fixed and good study habits, the assessment method of "on-line, punching in and receiving" has fetal defects, which can not cover the loophole of "sub-space" established by them to help them "be present in disguise" and give them the opportunity to sleep late or even skip classes.

On the other hand, through investigation,Most teachers are not aware of this problem,They even think that the symbol "received" in the platform can replace the actual "interaction" as a unified way to feedback the learning effect, and "online" can also replace "present" as a universal criterion. Even some teaching supervisors, educational directors and dean of teaching often pay special attention to the proportion of "online", the record of "punching in" and the frequency of "interaction".

In the long run, this form of "effect evaluation" has become one of the indicators to assess the quality of teaching, which has become a "punching task" for college students; For teachers, it seems that whether students have learned knowledge is no longer so important.

In view of the above problems, the online class platform has also blocked relevant loopholes at the technical level to prevent the occurrence of "disguised presence". howeverThe technical "patch" of the online course platform seems to never defeat the lazy "magic" output by college students in the "subspace".

"Many learning platforms.(e.g. learning skills, etc.)Later, there was a real-time punching function, and even you could accurately locate your geographical coordinates, frame the punching time and online time. No matter how precise the technology is, it’s useless. I can ask my brother to sign up for my account. My brother listens to me, so I don’t have to get up early at all. "(student LXY).

From the student’s point of view, the problem of "alienation" brought by media technology is not only as simple as "pretending to be present", but also provides convenience for students to implement "policies above and countermeasures below" in operation. As can be seen from this,The technical patch of the online class platform actually further intensifies the conflict between two different roles in the classroom.

Through interviews, it is not difficult to find that, fundamentally speaking, the "space" in college students’ cognition is not the same concept as the space that teachers think: for teachers, "space is the classroom, and students must be physically present".(teacher JH); For college students, "school"(space)In my heart, it is not just a classroom, it is a space for public life, not just learning. "(student HYY). As a result, when teachers constantly use "online, punching in and receiving" to restrain college students’ bodies, they are actually drifting away from Marx’s beautiful wish of "destroying space with time".

3. Pay attention to the concept of transmission of education and ignore the concept of ritual of communication.

The two habits of emphasizing materiality as "necessary stationery" and virtuality as "punching KPI" have gradually been accepted by all contemporary university teachers and students. However, from the root point of view, this alienated learning style is actually related to the change of educational values.

The interaction among materiality, virtuality and values forms a logical closed loop of the change of college students’ study habits, showing a spiral upward trend, which further consolidates the dependence of college students on online courses. Among them, the change of educational values is mainly reflected in the fact that the subject of education regards online teaching only as a kind of knowledge "transmission" rather than a kind of "ceremony".

Combined with the viewpoint of American communication scholar james w. carey on communication concept,Online classes should spread not only the "concept of transmission" as real knowledge, but also the "concept of ceremony" as educational environment.^[13]. Therefore, from the perspective of sociology of education, we have to pay attention to a thorny issue, that is, the "controversial root point" of online courses is not in the teaching process, but that the difference between "linear model and field model" is ignored in teaching concepts.^[14].

In the field of educational communication, media and ceremony can be understood as three relationships: the ceremony of class, the way of class ceremony itself being ritualized, and the scene that "the media may become a ceremony or a collective ceremony itself"^[15].

At present, the so-called ritual view of online classes is a kind of "media’s own ritual" proposed by Kurdley.^[16],This shift of ritual field has gradually moved away from the true concept of educational ritual and lost the pure pursuit of knowledge dissemination.Specific in the classroom, will focus on alienation into three forms:

First,The relationship between teachers and students becomes single,It is easy for college students to form the wrong cognition that they have a "knowledge employment relationship" with their teachers. Some students said, "The teacher at the other end of the screen is like an AI, giving people the illusion that they are listening to the paid broadcast of knowledge."(student ZNN).

Second,Instantaneous, frequent and intense teacher-student interaction in the classroom becomes rare.For example, "I have questions about what the teacher said in class. Because the system has set up a ban on all staff, I can only leave messages in the message area, but many teachers don’t have the habit of taking care of the message area, so they can’t get feedback in time."(student YC).

Third, the group relationship between students in each course is in a weak connection state.The emotional connection between them is weaker than offline.For example: "After taking public elective courses, we still don’t know each other, and we can’t recognize our classmates when we see them offline."(student KYQ).

Then, for students, Golding’s so-called "the ceremony of attending classes and the way of attending classes are ritualized" cannot be perceived. It was too late when some educators found that "the ceremony of media itself" and "the ceremony of teacher-student construction" were obviously separated, which not only indirectly explained why students proposed that "it is better to go directly to the knowledge-paying website for online classes".(student ZNN)Question, also found it.Conceptual factors leading to the decline of online teaching quality.

Fourth, the consequences of alienation: the reverse suspension of students’ learning power

Compared with the past, the relationship between college students and teaching teachers, thesis tutors and teaching assistants has not become closer because of the development of media technology. On the contrary,The relationship between teachers and students is more alienated.

As Raymond Henry Williams said, the essence of this relationship alienated by the media is "alienation", which means alienation and alienation, and it is manifested as "widely feeling that people are alienated from society"^[17]. We need to treat this phenomenon as a "brand-new relationship". "Alienation is a relationship that lacks relationship … According to this view, alienation is not completely irrelevant, but it is a relationship in itself, but it is a flawed relationship."^[18].

Therefore, the final result of learning alienation has gradually evolved into an "inversion" of teachers’ and students’ power, showing a suspended state, which is reflected in four aspects: first, technical empowerment has laid a material foundation for the alienation of teachers’ and students’ relationship; second, bad study habits have provided environmental soil for the breeding of lying consciousness; third, the deviation of online course evaluation standards has further contributed to the formalism of collusion between teachers and students; and fourth, the misplaced student-oriented concept has provided an excuse for the lack of curriculum management.

1. Technology empowerment makes it possible to alienate the relationship between teachers and students.

"Teacher-student relationship affects students’ classroom participation, academic performance and learning motivation"^[19]It is also the premise of giving full play to the value of teaching and educating people.^[20]. However, during the investigation, the author found that almost all the respondents mentioned a common point: "We are tired of using mobile phones now.And the teacher(student)The relationship is also very similar to the’ zombie friends’ in WeChat."(Teachers JCS, QSQ, LX; Students YR, ZYL, CQ, etc.).

This "abnormal" way of communication has laid a hidden danger for the maintenance of the relationship between teachers and students in the future. From the perspective of college students’ media use and their psychology, college students can fully feel it in their daily study."social media burnout"I don’t have much energy to keep effective communication with every teacher.

According to the author’s investigation, college students need to take 8.88 courses and take 19.8 credits each semester on average. Different courses have different QQ groups and WeChat groups, and different courses may also use different online course software. There are group assignments in each class, and it is necessary to form a "group group" when flipping the classroom. College students are tired of "building a group", "finding a group", "joining a group" and "grouping".whatIt is the phenomenon of "one class and many groups" and "one thing and one group" that occurs frequently.

Although media convenience gives college students full autonomy in class, they can decide whether to learn, with whom and how to learn, but "insufficient flow, insufficient electricity, insufficient screen and insufficient memory" constitute the new "four major problems" in the online class era, which has become the main reason for the current college students’ distraction.

When reflecting the above-mentioned situation of students’ scattered energy to many teachers, almost all the teachers interviewed were secretive about this phenomenon. They unanimously said: "I don’t have enough energy, and the situation is related to the electronic and trace teaching process, and I don’t have that much strength to solve this problem again. Perhaps the ability is not enough, and of course’ energy’ is not enough. "(Teachers LY, WHF, FQ, etc.).

From the perspective of media motivation and behavior, college teachers are eager to carry out "teaching reform" through the online class platform, trying to give students sufficient power in the teaching process.Its purpose is not for teaching effect, but to highlight "trace characteristics".This indirectly establishes the conditions for the alienation of students’ learning style and the alienation of teacher-student relationship.

The root cause of this phenomenon lies in the fact that the evaluation standard of teaching begins to focus on the construction of online platform courses, including the collation and evaluation of daily teaching ledgers, such as the list of course names, the filing of classroom assignments, the flipping of classroom videos, and the records of group discussions. These assessment indicators have prompted the teachers to constantly increase the "daily records" of the course through various technical methods in the online course platform, while the opportunities for "direct communication" between students and the teachers are gradually squeezed when students continue to complete various records.

"I don’t know why I do so much homework, and I don’t have time to think about why. I really feel that there is nothing substantial to improve our profession. However, do what the teacher says, and it is important to complete the task. "(student HYY).

In this cycle, the relationship between college students and teaching teachersFrom an intimate teacher-student relationship to a blunt "task relationship",Students’ learning styles are getting farther and farther on the road of alienation, and the actual effect of online courses is even more imaginable.

2. The idealized "lying flat" has become a popular study habit.

In general,In the network environment, people’s attention is in a state of suspension of concentration and dispersion.^[21]In fact, this state is not conducive to students learning knowledge. Previous studies have shown that "in social relations, it is a kind of confrontational leveling to pursue low social interaction in reality and relative activity on the internet"^[22]. When attention suspension and lying parallel are related, the media provides full convenience for college students to promote the "lying-down learning habit".

On the one hand, college students are infiltrated by the culture of lying flat, and subconsciously long for the comfort brought by lying flat; On the other hand, the online class platform provides a "convenient environment" for college students to lie flat, which has been influenced for a long time.It is difficult for students to return to the "real teaching environment".

"I forgot what the classroom looks like. Now Teacher J often draws me up to answer questions. I’m actually bored. I have already formed the habit of watching NBA live broadcast while opening the double screen in the morning class, and I can organize a group to watch the game in the dormitory. "(student GY).

"Because I like to be in a daze, I really enjoy online classes. I stare at the screen for a long time and the teacher can’t find it at all."(student HYY).

The above problems and phenomena have already become a kind of "daily life" among college students, and spread among college students like a plague.This further strengthens the college students’ perception of "powerlessness, meaninglessness and self-alienation" in campus life.^[23].

In addition, some young teachers also have a "lying-flat mentality" towards online classes, which is easily discovered by students, thus indirectly weakening the enthusiasm of college students for online classes and promoting the continuous consolidation of their lying-flat habits. For example:

"Young teachers have a very strict KPI for evaluating professional titles and talent assessment. The micro-course competition is a shortcut, so it is not so voluminous. It is difficult to highlight the level of practical teaching. Young teachers can get a teaching award with a little effort in micro-courses, and the assessment will be passed. In addition, online classes are also convenient to be lazy, for example, it is difficult for students to find out if they don’t open the screen to read the manuscript; Sometimes you can record it yourself and send the video to the class group. I don’t need to care if the students watch it or not. "(Young teacher HX).

It can be seen that under the atmosphere of "you lie flat, he lies flat and everyone lies flat", the teaching quality of online courses can be imagined. However, lying flat is a "bad habit" that broke out in the online class era, but it is difficult for students, teachers and teaching supervisors as participants to detect each other, which further breeds "learning deception", "teaching deception" and "assessment deception".

The key to the problem lies in the fact that the teaching ledger can’t directly display the teaching effect under the technical empowerment, and the harm caused by lying flat is unknown to the "players" who are deeply involved in it and can’t be supervised. In the long run,Teachers’ lying flat and the defects of supervision further aggravate the "trend" of students’ lying flat.It is becoming more and more difficult to guide students to return to the road of "studying hard".

3. "Strive for strength" is not as good as "fooling around" to become a group consensus.

Under the dual influence of the alienation between teachers and students and the principle of lying flat, more and more college students realize that teachers’ evaluation criteria for students during online classes cannot be directly linked to the learning habit of "striving for strength". Offline, teachers can intuitively see who is sitting in the first row, who is taking notes and who is listening carefully. The realistic space can not only give motivated students the opportunity to show their learning attitude,It can also give students with poor self-control ability a sense of oppression in the environmental atmosphere and promote the formation of a benign teaching ecology in offline classrooms.

However, in the online class platform, students’ usual performance is difficult to observe and measure, and the learning atmosphere is more relaxed than that in the offline class. "Students like online classes, and the atmosphere is very relaxed. You can be at home, in the dormitory, and no one knows when you are lying down. Because we don’t show our faces, we girls can also avoid the time of makeup. It feels similar to offline classes, and online assignments can be found online, which makes it very easy to fool teachers. "(student XWW).

In the long run, the "bad mentality" inherent in a college student group will become more and more serious: students no longer pay attention to the performance in the usual classroom,And put almost all the focus on the final surprise review preparation,It has become the consensus of some college students that "striving for strength" is not as good as "fooling around".

After a long period of classroom investigation and course experiment, it is found that some students and teachers have gradually formed an organic "fishing group", and the two tacitly maintain the existing online teaching relationship, which is embodied in a subtle "collusion": as long as teachers do not fail students, students do not give teachers low marks in teaching evaluation, and the relationship between them can last and be stable for a long time. For the above purposes, teachers also make full use of the convenience of online course resources, reducing the input of lesson preparation energy.Transfer the right to "control quality" to students.

"A teacher’s classroom work is actually copied from others, and it is easy to find it online. We like this kind of learning to’ not embarrass’ our teacher."(student ZYF).

"Teacher S of Zhejiang University has a set of mature classroom assignments, so it’s no trouble to lead them in, otherwise I will spend a lot of time setting various topics."(teacher ZSJ).

Although this problem will also occur when teaching offline, due to the fact that many teachers constantly enrich the resource library of online class platform in the online class era, it becomes easier and more common to copy courseware, and the problem of "fooling and crossing jobs" at the teaching end becomes more and more serious. When the syllabus, teaching plan and courseware all come from the same channel, the characteristics, adaptability and richness of the course will be greatly reduced, and the enthusiasm of students will also be greatly affected. Under the subtle "collusion" relationship, teachers and students are well aware that "online classes are just a fool’s job", but no one comes to the point. For college students, the feeling of attending classes is just like what they say:"I feel that I went to a TV university."(Students ZYQ, CC, etc.).

4. Students’ selfish departmentalism is constantly misinterpreted.

With the continuous deepening of higher education reform and the continuous expansion of teachers in colleges and universities, the concept of teacher education can not keep up with the pace of reform in time, and teachers’ understanding of student-oriented is lagging behind and biased. On this basis, the concept of hysteresis has affected its teaching practice and gradually penetrated into students’ daily study and life.

Generally speaking, "the academic standard is transferred to the contemporary university practice of students’ subject development" is a generally recognized trend of higher education reform.^[24]That is, "to meet people’s needs as the starting point, to develop people’s personality and improve their quality in an all-round way, and to realize people’s all-round sustainable development as the destination"^[25]. Student-oriented should be carefully planned on the macro educational curriculum system.^[26]However, in the specific online teaching practice,Teachers often only serve, satisfy and cater to students’ needs in the way of education, which further consolidates the inversion of students’ power and the recognition of different chemical habits.

Through investigation, it is found that more and more college teachers’ cognitive deviation from student-oriented is more common, especially in the process of online classes. For example, lecture courses are often not fixed in time. In order to facilitate students, teachers arrange lectures at Tencent meetings, and the interactive atmosphere of students’ lectures is not enthusiastic compared with offline; For various reasons, graduating students forced their tutors to have online tutoring, but the tutors, because of their feelings, agreed to online tutoring even though they knew that the online tutoring was not effective.

"In recent years, many young doctors have been recruited by college teachers. They are inexperienced.Students tend to bargain only with young teachers.Many teachers have just changed from student status, and they are easy to empathize, so they began to reduce the frequency of roll call, reduce the amount of classroom work, and lower the examination standards. "(supervising CGS).

In the long run, students gradually lower their self-standards, from "masters" to "grandfathers", and the control of classroom power is almost out of control.

"The training program requires graduate students to attend more than 6 lectures in the hospital to get corresponding academic credits, but there are many lectures in the college every year. When the seventh session is held, there are not many students coming. Informing students to attend lectures is often very uncooperative, and they all say that they can attend six full lectures and don’t want to listen to one more. They think that the lectures are not attended by them, but the lecturers and teachers are embarrassed, and it is impossible for the college to give them credits. Some students even said,’ I’d like to see if Mr. C won’t give me credit or graduate because we won’t attend our later lectures.’ "(teachers CZW, LCF).

This shows that,Student-oriented doctrine has gradually evolved into a kind of "indulgence" at present.The daily teaching work composed of a series of elements, such as teacher-student relationship, teaching management and curriculum evaluation, has been subverted, and students’ attitude and enthusiasm towards learning has quickly faded. As a college teacher said: "The’ beautiful’ feeling of offline teaching can never be returned."(teacher ZYJ).

V. Discussion and Enlightenment: Ways and means to solve the "difficulty of online courses"

Although there are many students who actively seek learning communities and strictly maintain "good time management and self-monitoring ability" in the Internet age, the proportion of groups is not in the majority, and they have also had a crisis of trust in online learning methods.^[27]. Most people can feel that the development of media technology represented by online classes ignores the pursuit of college students’ life dimension and the observation of human subjectivity, and it is difficult to ensure the learning effect and quality of students. This is the crux of the current "online class dilemma" and an indisputable fact.

To solve the "difficulty of online courses", we need to solve it in the following three key dimensions: first, in policy, we should insist on taking teaching content as the foundation, methods as the core and technology as the supplement; Second, in concept, cultivate students’ pursuit of real life dimensions and open up the space-time cognition of campus life; Third, measures should be taken to correct students’ study habits and concepts and correctly integrate into university life.

1. Use media technology as a supplementary means to serve daily teaching.

To solve the problem of alienation of college students’ group learning, the most basic link lies in the further standardization of management dimension.Reverse "technology worship" at the level of educational administrators and teaching practitioners.The solution of this problem is the prerequisite to solve the "difficulty of online courses".

The survey found that many front-line teachers have long realized that the fundamental way to solve the problem of online courses must be through "management mechanism reform".But for ordinary front-line teachers, this "bottom-up" reform road is often full of thorns.

"As a teacher of journalism and communication, I know that the alienation brought by this media technology is subtle, and we are always on the alert for’ technical acculturation’. However, students and colleagues have been internalized, and teaching managers have also been internalized. Then there is nothing we can do. We must adapt to this set of standards and actively seek internalization. "(teacher ZSJ).

Obviously, the chain of acculturation is formed from top to bottom, that is, "educational administrators" influence "teaching practitioners" and then "educated people", and students as educated people have almost no right to "resist acculturation". Therefore, the first condition of "breaking the game" is to break the worship of online classes "from top to bottom" at the conceptual level. Take technology as a supplementary means of daily teaching, solve the "material problem" brought by electronic products as a necessary learning tool and the "virtual KPI puzzle" of "online, punching in and receiving" as an assessment standard, change "teaching from technology to" technology serving people ",and strengthen college students’ perception of daily life and integration with the real society.

In addition, taking technology as an auxiliary teaching method indirectly solves the problem that teachers spend too much energy on learning online course software, expanding online course functions and enriching online course resources, which is helpful to reshape teachers’ professional instinct of cultivating and pecking at course content. When teachers focus on the optimization and perfection of teaching content, and always insist on taking teaching content as the foundation and improving quality and efficiency in connotation construction, the learning style, learning consciousness and learning state of college students will change accordingly, and the teaching effect will return to the original state.

2. Strengthen students’ awareness and perception of the real space.

During the online class,College students’ perception of the real world is reduced,It is easy to form the illusion that "online classes are universities". Therefore, actively remolding college students’ "sense of reality" and "sense of space" has become the core and key to solve the "difficulty of online classes".

"Spatial alienation in the digital media era is mainly manifested in two aspects: First, remote presence not only damages the ability of digital media subjects to feel and understand real scenes, but also weakens people’s ability to empathize with space. Second, remote presence can neither completely replace face-to-face interpersonal communication, nor eliminate loneliness. "^[28].

This needs to guide the space consciousness of college students from two aspects. First, cognitively, highlight the consciousness of "classroom". It should be a three-dimensional "house", all the "people" and "things" associated with the curriculum.(including desks, platforms, blackboards, projections, and even air conditioners, monitors, clocks, etc.)Together is an inseparable organic unit in the classroom, and both are indispensable. At the same time, as an extended space connecting the dormitory and the classroom, such as canteens, lakes, grasslands, avenues, shuttle buses, bike-sharing, etc., which pass by after class, are also important components of the course content. As an intermediary between the course and the world, they construct the college students’ ability to perceive and empathize with the real space.

Second, in action,Cultivate the awareness of face-to-face communication between "students and students" and "students and teachers" in the course.In face-to-face communication, people can get a lot of interpersonal information by observing what a person says and does, so as to reduce uncertainty.^[29]Compared with CMC mode which relies on the media intermediary of online course platform, it greatly reduces the cost of communication. On the premise of online class as an auxiliary teaching tool, we should adopt the usual assignments such as group Presentation and online topic debate to stimulate communication and dialogue among students, so as to optimize the communication mode. Supplementary training in this way can gradually improve the classroom learning atmosphere, efficiency and effect of college students.

3. Reshape positive and healthy values and benign teacher-student relationship.

It is found that online classes not only increase the hardware cost of using technology and the energy consumption of making virtual accounts for college students, but also provide convenience for college students to lie flat and develop a foolish learning attitude. This further hinders the formation of college students’ positive and healthy values and the maintenance of a benign teacher-student relationship. The key link to solve the "difficulty of online courses" lies in solving these two problems.

Positive and healthy values and benign teacher-student relationship complement each other, and their interaction is the foundation for college students to build mature learning consciousness and cultivate good study habits.

On the one hand, the inversion of teachers’ and students’ power in the online class environment needs to be reversed, and the relationship between teachers and students in the university classroom should return to a two-way dialectical relationship: "This two-way dialectical relationship arises from teachers’ restrictions on students’ action boundaries and students’ resistance, and teachers restrict students’ action boundaries with institutional control."^[30]. By regaining the command of classroom discipline, teachers can completely solve the problems of students’ reluctance to open videos, using signal difference as an excuse, copying and pasting homework and so on.

On the other hand, make full use of internet technology as an auxiliary platform to provide sufficient guarantee for supplementary counseling, exercise communication and emotional exchange after class. In this context, technology is no longer an excuse to be lazy and a reason to let go of water, but a "technical supplement" to improve the quality of courses and educational methods, which is conducive to reshaping active and healthy learning concepts and providing full possibilities for the paradigm iteration of college students’ learning methods. The effective solution of the consciousness of lying flat, fooling and crossing jobs in the technical side, the teacher side and the student side can not only alleviate the alienation of the relationship between teachers and students, but also guide students’ learning concepts to return to the track of healthy competition.

More importantly, the positive and healthy values and the benign relationship between teachers and students have always been the "invisible soil" for China’s higher education. The "tree of college students" can grow in fertile soil, which is extremely important and precious for every college student who is full of expectations for the future.

references

[1] Ma Shuang. Restoration and reconstruction of daily life order by virtual reality [J]. People’s Forum, 2020 (26): 48-49.

[2] Guo Jianbin, Gao Ruoyue. How many days is always a person facing the screen "lectures"-the communication interpretation of "doing nothing" behavior in online classes [J]. Journalist, 2023 (3): 71-81.

[3] Natural. Daily life and digital media: the emergence of a practical analysis orientation [J]. Press, 2019 (6): 77-86.

[4] Yao Xiaodan. Ministry of Education: "Stop studying" is not a simple online class [N]. Guangming Daily, 2020-02-12(9).

[5] Opinions of the Ministry of Education and other five departments on strengthening the teaching management of online open courses in colleges and universities [EB/OL] .2022-02-11.http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A08/S7056/202204/T20220401 _ 612700.html.

[6][ Germany] Lu Diegel Sa Vransky. Time-what it does to us and what we do with it [M]. Wei Maoping, translated. Beijing: Social Science Academic Press, 2018: 127-128.

[7]Drotner K. Ethnographic Enigmas：“The Everyday” in Recent Media Studies[J]. Culture Studies，1994，8（2）：341-357.

[8]Baudrillard J．For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign[M]. Candor，NY：Telos Press Publishing，1981：93．

[9]Elias N. The Society of Individuals[M]. London：Continuum International Publishing，1991：26-27.

[10][ English] Nick Kurdley, [Germany] Andreas Hepp. The Mediated Construction of Reality [M]. Liu Yuyu, translated. Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2023: 182.

[11]Baudrillard J. Simulacra and Simulation[M]. Ann Arbor：University of Michigan Press，1994：79．

[12] Zhou Jiteng. From virtual socialization to social virtualization-the change of simulacral order in network society triggered by "meta-universe" [J]. hebei academic journal, 2022,42 (5): 188-195.

[13][ America] James W. Kerry. Communication as Culture: Essays on Media and Society [M]. Ding Wei, translated. Beijing: Renmin University of China Press, 1989: 14.

[14] Guo Jianbin. Understanding and expression: an interpretation of Kelly’s concept of communication ceremony [J]. China Media Report, 2006 (3): 50-59.

[15]Chaney D. The Symbolic Form of Ritual in Mass Communication[M]// Golding P，et al.，eds.， Communicating Politics：Mass Communications and the Political Process. New York：Holmes & Meier Publishers，1986：117.

[16]Couldry N. Media Rituals：A Critical Approach[M]. London and New York：Routledge，2003：29.

[17][ English] Raymond Henry Williams. Keywords: vocabulary of culture and society [M]. Liu Jianji, translated. Beijing: Life, Reading and Knowledge Joint Publishing, 2005: 9.

[18]Jaeggi R. Alienation[M]. Neuhouser F，Smith A E，trans. New York：Columbia University Press，2014：3.

[19]Pianta R C，Hamre B K，Allen J P. Teacher-Student Relationships and Engagement：Conceptualizing，Measuring， and Improving the Capacity of Classroom Interactions[M]// Christenson S L，Reschly A L，Wylie C，eds.，Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. MA：Springer，2012：365-386.

[20] Ding Yuting, ZhangChang, Li Ranran, et al. The mechanism of positive common experience to promote the relationship between teachers and students: the intermediary role of emotional connection [J]. Journal of Psychology, 2023,55 (5): 726-739.

[21] Cao Zhiwei, Zhu Yun. Perceptual suspension: emotional generation, participation logic and communication mechanism of Olympic network audience [J]. journal of shanghai university of sport, 2023,47 (3): 12-25.

[22] Lu Wenting, Zhang Lin, Mou Yi. The construction of flat culture in the digital age: based on the perspective of youth subculture [J]. Journalist, 2023 (6): 70-85.

[23]Seeman M. Alienation Motifs in Contemporary Theorizing：The Hidden Continuity of the Classic Themes[J]. Social Psychology Quarterly，1983，46（3）：171-184.

[24] Wang Yijun. The proposition and significance construction of "freedom of development" in contemporary universities [J]. higher education development and evaluation, 2021,37 (1): 6-19+113.

[25] Liu Xianjun, Li Peigen. Innovation of educational ideas and building a powerful country in higher education [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2016: 124.

[26] Wan Ailian. Changes in China’s undergraduate teacher education curriculum system in the 40 years of reform and opening up [J]. Journal of Hebei Normal University (Education Science Edition), 2018,20 (3): 27-32.

[27] Zhang Jiefan. Collective discourse and disclosure space of online learning community [J]. China Youth Studies, 2022 (1): 111-119.

[28] Ye Hu. Cultural Criticism on the Alienation of Digital Media Subject from the Perspective of Accelerating Society [J]. Nanjing Social Sciences, 2023 (5): 155-166.

[29] Hu Chunyang. Super interpersonal communication: the future form of interpersonal relationship development [J]. People’s Forum Academic Frontier, 2017,135 (23): 21-31.

[30] Li Ge, Xi Yuan, Zhu Zhiyong. Teacher-student relationship in undergraduate class from the perspective of micro-power [J]. Journal of Education, 2022,18 (2): 36-50.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:ID：china-youth-study (ID: China-youth-study), Author: Cao Zhiwei (Lecturer, School of Journalism, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)

　　On October 12, 2021, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader attended the Summit of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and delivered a keynote speech, profoundly explaining the great significance of protecting biodiversity, advocating "building a community of life on earth together", and showing the world the responsibility and determination of China as a big country to protect biodiversity and strengthen global environmental governance. Biodiversity is related to the well-being of the earth’s homeland and the sustainable development of mankind. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s important exposition on jointly building a community of life on earth has broken through the theoretical paradigm of traditional utilitarian economics research and brought revolutionary cognition of biodiversity economics.

　　Human beings are a part of the life community of the earth, and the relationship between human beings and nature has gone through the process from primitive civilization passively adapting to nature to agricultural civilization actively utilizing nature. In the era of industrial civilization, the western traditional industrialization road excessively seeks to accumulate and expand material wealth while ignoring the national ecological well-being, and unilaterally emphasizes the conquest of nature, which leads to the aggravation and deterioration of the ecological environment and the continuous decline of biodiversity. At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in 1992, more than 100 countries, including China, signed the Convention on Biological Diversity, which started the practical process of protecting the earth’s biodiversity. The Convention is one of the international environmental conventions with the largest number of signatories in the world, with a total of 196 parties.

　　After the entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Conference of the Parties will be held every two years, and the biodiversity protection targets for the next 10 years will be set every 10 years. After a long and difficult negotiation, the 10th meeting held in Japan in 2010 adopted the United Nations Biodiversity 2020 Target (referred to as "Aichi Target"), and for the first time in the world, it put forward 20 action targets over a 10-year period, which is a milestone. However, the evaluation of the "Aichi Goal" conducted by the United Nations in 2020 shows that the report card for implementing the goal is not satisfactory. At the global level, none of the 20 "Aichi Goals" has been fully realized, and only six have been partially realized.

　　Turning political consensus into economic action needs the support of economic theory. Some international explorations have been made in this regard. For example, in the field of biodiversity economics, in 2005, Ecosystem and Human Well-being: A Comprehensive Report on Biodiversity, one of the results of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment project of the United Nations, analyzed the relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem services (referring to the benefits that human beings get from ecosystems) and human well-being, expounded the value of biodiversity, evaluated the impact of ecosystem degradation on human well-being, and provided the basis for protecting biodiversity. In order to further deepen the analysis of economic theories, methods and policies, in early 2019, the West formed a report "Biodiversity Economics: dasgupta Assessment", which explained the economic value of biodiversity, provided a comprehensive analysis framework on the basis of ecological and earth science research, discussed how to consider the most precious natural capital of human beings in economic research, and tried to endow biodiversity with utility attributes similar to traditional products and services, so as to protect it by market means.

　　These studies are of positive significance to the protection of biodiversity, but their theoretical basis is mostly the hypothesis of rational economic man based on utilitarianism, emphasizing the pursuit of the maximization of individual self-interest. Based on this assumption, its prescription is nothing more than internalizing the external cost of biodiversity protection through taxation, avoiding the "tragedy of the commons" of biodiversity protection through property rights transactions of natural resources, and accounting the capital value of biodiversity through "shadow price". These methods can promote eco-environmental protection in different degrees, but because the same market accounting method and uniform market discount rate are used to calculate the benefits of economic development and biodiversity protection, there are also problems such as amplifying the current economic benefits and reducing the biodiversity benefits with low market transaction value but lasting and huge future benefits. It is from this utilitarian-based theoretical paradigm that some politicians in the United States refuse to sacrifice their current interests and contribute to the common future interests of mankind in the global biodiversity protection. After signing the Convention on Biological Diversity in the 1990s, the ratification procedure has not been completed. Some parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity have not fully fulfilled their responsibilities to achieve the "Aichi Target", resulting in a global biodiversity protection level far below expectations.

　　China’s overall implementation of the "Aichi Target" is better than the global average, and it is one of the most effective countries in the world. In recent years, China has adopted a series of effective policies and measures to promote ecological protection and restoration, delineated and strictly adhered to the red line of ecological protection, and earnestly implemented the "Aichi Goal". Among the 20 goals, 3 have made progress beyond the requirements of the "Aichi Goal", 13 have made key progress, and 4 have achieved phased results. As a developing country with fragile ecological environment and a large population, China has been able to hand over such an excellent answer sheet in biodiversity protection, which shows the important guiding significance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era to the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. This also shows that the theoretical research of biodiversity economics based on utilitarianism has obviously lagged behind practice, and it is necessary to build a new theoretical paradigm to promote the innovative development of biodiversity economics.

　　General Secretary Supreme Leader’s important exposition on jointly building a community of life on earth provides scientific guidance for the innovative development of biodiversity economics. In the new era, to innovate and develop biodiversity economics and construct a new theoretical paradigm, we should be based on the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, uphold the concept of life community on earth, and realize the coexistence, common prosperity and sharing of members of life community, rather than maximizing the self and current interests of "rational economic man". We should deeply realize that biodiversity is both natural wealth and economic wealth; It is not only related to the development of contemporary people and time and place, but also to the sustainable development of mankind. When calculating the benefits of economic development and biodiversity protection, it is necessary to distinguish between material assets and biodiversity assets to ensure both economic vitality and natural sustainable development. In methodology, it emphasizes systematicness and relevance, and it is not appropriate to simply analyze the marginal benefit or cost efficiency of a single factor. In the system of the earth life community, animals, plants and microorganisms form a dynamic balance, and mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, sand and ice are interrelated and evolve in a coordinated way. It is necessary to carry out integrated protection and systematic management, so that a good ecological environment can become an inexhaustible source of sustainable development.

　　(Author: Beijing University of Technology)

　　People’s Daily (February 14, 2022, 07 edition)

　　In the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and it is in the key period of changing the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. Building a modern economic system is an urgent requirement for crossing the barrier and a strategic goal for China’s development." To speed up the construction of a modern economic system, we must adhere to the principle of quality first and efficiency first, take the supply-side structural reform as the main line, promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development, and improve the total factor productivity, so as to build a solid foundation for continuously enhancing China’s economic innovation and competitiveness and realizing the goal of "two hundred years".

　　First, the transformation of development stage needs to promote three important changes

　　In the past 40 years since the reform and opening up, China’s economy has maintained a rapid growth of nearly 10%. The achievement of this world-famous historic achievement depends on many conditions. During this period, China’s economic development level is generally low, with a weak foundation, a small base and a large room for growth. A large number of technologies and experiences created by human society can be introduced for reference. China has the largest population in the world, which means that the demand scale and potential are large, the labor force is large and the cost is low; The cost of land and other natural resources is low, and the ecological environment constraints are loose; More importantly, China’s social and political stability, the establishment and gradual improvement of the socialist market economic system, the development of an open economy, and the effective use of international and domestic markets. The cooperation and interaction of the above conditions have contributed to the miracle of long-term high-speed economic growth in a populous country that has never been seen in human history. At the same time, this growth is inevitably characterized by rapid expansion in quantity and scale, accompanied by some unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable contradictions and problems.

　　In 2008, in the face of the impact of the international financial crisis, we adopted the stimulus policy of steady growth, and the growth rate took the lead in the world, reaching a high point in the first quarter of 2011, and then the growth rate gradually slowed down. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, faced with new situations and problems, the CPC Central Committee has made a major judgment that China’s economic development has entered a new normal. Judging from the factors and conditions supporting China’s economic growth, there have been or are undergoing many important changes, including the decline in the number of labor force aged 15-59 in China since 2012, the decrease in the number of migrant workers entering cities, the corresponding increase in wages, and the weakening of the advantage of low-cost labor force; The terminal demand such as real estate and important industrial products such as steel and coal have successively experienced historical peak demand, and the growth rate has obviously slowed down, and problems such as overcapacity and excessive product inventory are prominent; The prices of land and other resources have risen, housing prices in some cities are high, and the pressure on the ecological environment has increased, and some aspects are close to or even exceed the bottom line; With the increase of factor cost, the increase of export base and the change of international market environment, the rapid growth of export in the past is unsustainable and we must rely more on domestic demand; There is a serious imbalance between finance and the real economy, between real estate and other fields, and within the real economy. The leverage ratio in some areas is too high, financial risks increase, and the efficiency of economic growth shows a downward trend. With these changes, China’s economic structure has undergone major changes, and economic growth has turned to rely more on consumption, service industry and domestic demand, and more on the improvement of workers’ quality, technological progress and total factor productivity. Accordingly,The stage of economic development began to change, from the past high-speed growth stage to the high-quality development stage.

　　From the history of industrialization and economic growth, the transformation of China’s economic development stage conforms to the law, and there are also international experiences to learn from. This transformation has not changed the judgment that China’s development is still in an important strategic opportunity period, but the connotation of the opportunity period has changed greatly. If it used to be mainly "paving stalls", it will be mainly "going up the steps" in the future. Although China’s growth rate has slowed down, the annual increment and its driving effect on the global economy are still the biggest. While maintaining the competitive growth rate, the main difficulty lies in how to turn the challenge of improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth into new development opportunities.

　　Second, the key to change is to improve the total factor productivity.

　　Promoting quality change, efficiency change and power change is an inevitable requirement in the stage of high-quality development, and an important content in the key period of changing development mode, optimizing economic structure and transforming growth momentum.

　　Quality reform includes improving the quality of products and services, and more importantly, comprehensively improving the quality of all fields and levels of the national economy. This is an all-round change from concept, goal and system to the details of work in specific fields. We should take improving the quality of the supply system as the main direction, conform to the international advanced quality standards, carry out quality improvement actions, significantly enhance China’s economic quality advantages, and make China manufacturing and China service a symbol of high quality; Promote the survival of the fittest of enterprises and products, concentrate resources on high-quality enterprises and products, and gradually form a number of high-quality brand enterprises and products with long-term and stable international competitiveness through full and effective market competition; Create an environment conducive to innovation, promote the flow and agglomeration of innovation elements, encourage all kinds of innovations aimed at improving the quality of products and services, and make innovation a powerful kinetic energy for improving quality; Take green development as an important content of quality improvement, accelerate all-round green transformation from consumption, production, circulation, investment to lifestyle, and make green and low carbon an important feature of high-quality products and services.

　　Efficiency reform is to find out and fill all kinds of low-efficiency depressions that were concealed or ignored in the previous high-speed growth stage, and lay a solid foundation for high-quality development. Market competition, in the final analysis, is the competition of input-output comparison and efficiency. We must deepen the reform in areas where administrative monopoly is still prominent, focus on introducing and strengthening competition in oil and gas, electric power, railways, telecommunications, finance and other industries, comprehensively reduce the costs of energy, logistics, communications and financing in the operation of the real economy, and improve the attractiveness and competitiveness of developing the real economy, especially manufacturing; Further substantially relax market access, improve the exit mechanism, improve the social security system, so that efficient factors can enter and inefficient factors can be withdrawn, and comprehensively improve the input-output efficiency of the economy through rational flow and optimal combination of production factors, mergers and acquisitions of enterprises, and industrial transformation and upgrading; Enhance the ability of financial services to the real economy, prevent and control various economic bubbles, reduce excessive leverage ratio, resolve financial risks, and provide effective financial services for the innovative development, transformation and upgrading of the real economy; Improve the level of open economy, combine bringing in with going out, participate in international competition and cooperation on a larger scale and at a higher level, and steadily enhance the position of China’s industry in the global value chain.

　　Dynamic change is to adapt to the needs of building a modern economic system with high quality and high efficiency after the advantages of labor quantity and cost are gradually weakened, and accelerate the transformation from labor quantity dividend to quality dividend. We must give priority to the development of education, speed up the modernization of education, comprehensively improve the quality of education from basic education, higher education to vocational education, and improve the quality of workers at all levels of economic and social development; Strengthen the protection and encouragement of intellectual property rights, cultivate and bring up a large number of strategic scientific and technological talents, leading scientific and technological talents, young scientific and technological talents and high-level innovation teams with international standards, promote the rational flow of all kinds of talents, and mobilize the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity of entrepreneurs, scientists, technicians and other talents to a greater extent; Create a glorious social fashion of labor and a professional atmosphere of striving for perfection, respect labor and creativity, build an army of knowledge-based, skilled and innovative workers, improve the social status of front-line workers, break the class solidification, and expand channels and opportunities for vertical mobility and struggle to become talents.

　　After China’s economy has entered the stage of high-quality development, it is no longer possible to rely mainly on the growth of factor input as before, and it must turn to rely more on the improvement of total factor productivity. Among the three major changes, quality change is the main body, efficiency change is the main line, power change is the foundation, and the key is to effectively and continuously improve the total factor productivity. Only by solving this key problem can we create a new development situation with obviously improved quality and efficiency, stability and sustainability while maintaining a certain growth rate.

　　Third, to realize the three major changes, we must deepen reform and create an environment.

　　International experience shows that it is relatively easy for economically backward countries to achieve rapid growth in the early stage of industrialization, but the difficulty of development is obviously increased in the transition from middle income stage to high income stage. After World War II, many countries entered the industrialization process and reached the middle-income stage, but only 13 economies entered the high-income stage. Some countries fall into the "middle income trap", and their growth is slow or even retrogressive. If the expansion of quantity and scale is easy to be effective in the high-speed growth stage, it will be greatly changed in the short term, but in the high-quality development stage, it will take a long time to make the improvement of quality and efficiency effective and step up. After entering the stage of high-quality development, it will encounter challenges that have never been encountered in the previous high-speed growth stage. To face and solve many new contradictions and problems, fundamentally speaking, it is necessary to further deepen the supply-side structural reform and accelerate the creation of an institutional and policy environment that is compatible with high-quality development.

　　First of all, we should solve the problem of understanding the economic development goals. After entering the stage of high-quality development, if we try to maintain the previous high-speed growth without paying attention to quality and efficiency, either the speed will not go up, or it will go up in a short time, and it will fall down, causing ups and downs in the economy. After a period of time, the actual growth rate will be low. Therefore, emphasizing quality and efficiency and the stability and sustainability of development is actually beneficial to maintaining the necessary growth rate in the long run. We must correct the tendency of "GDP only" and pay more attention to employment and entrepreneurship, quality and efficiency, risk prevention and control, stability and sustainability in development goals.

　　Secondly, truly make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation. Whether it is to promote the flow of production factors and optimize the allocation, break the monopoly, encourage competition, and eliminate the fittest, or to stabilize the expectations of entrepreneurs and mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of talents in all aspects, it is required to implement the decisive role of the market in resource allocation. Whether the government can play a better role depends on whether it is conducive to the market playing a decisive role in resource allocation. We must focus on improving the property rights system and the market-oriented allocation of factors, and deepen the reform in key areas such as property rights protection, state-owned assets of state-owned enterprises, land, taxation, finance, and government administration. To deepen reform, we should attach importance to top-level design, clarify the direction and draw the bottom line; At the same time, we should pay attention to the reform exploration of local, grass-roots and enterprises, reduce the uncertainty of reform through trial and error, and find a reform method that conforms to the long-term direction and the actual situation.

　　Thirdly, pay more attention to the construction of innovative environment. Successful innovation depends on many conditions. The fundamental one is to form favorable environmental conditions for innovation, including the protection and encouragement of intellectual property rights, the stable expectation of innovation subjects such as entrepreneurs and scientists, the free flow and optimal combination of various innovation elements, the effective service of financial products at different stages of innovation, the supporting conditions of industries and the support of innovation infrastructure. Experience at home and abroad shows that successful innovation mainly comes from regional innovation centers and innovative cities, because these areas have better innovation environment than other regions. We must speed up the reform of science and technology system, further open the market of innovation factors, form an inter-regional competition mechanism to improve the innovation environment, and promote more regional innovation centers and innovative cities to stand out.

　　Fourth, form an institutional mechanism to promote green development. The new concept of ecological civilization construction and green development is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. The key is how to turn the concept into action and truly implement the "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" strategic concept put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary. Green development is a new way of development, which requires not only subtraction to control pollution, but more importantly addition and multiplication to form new kinetic energy of consumption upgrading, economic growth and innovation development. To promote green development, we should pay attention to the research and practical exploration of ecological capital accounting, and gradually turn green development into public welfare activities provided by the government, social groups and individuals into daily economic activities in which more enterprises and individuals participate; Accelerate the formation of a legal system and policy orientation for green production and consumption, and establish and improve the economic system of green and low-carbon circular development; Form a market-oriented green technology innovation system, develop green finance and actively explore effective ways for green development to drive underdeveloped areas out of poverty.

　　Fifth, make better use of both domestic and international markets and resources. China is still a developing country. Compared with developed countries, we are still in the catch-up period, and we cannot be complacent. We need to continue to learn advanced technology and experience from developed countries and integrate into the global division of labor system at a higher level. This is the reason why China is no longer short of funds on the whole, but we still want to introduce foreign capital. On the other hand, we should actively and steadily go out and connect with high-quality elements such as technology, management, supply chain, marketing channels, brands and talents in the international value chain, comprehensively enhance the international competitiveness of China’s industries and enterprises, and form an open economic system with more breadth and depth.