CCTV News:According to WeChat official account, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Department of Geological Exploration and Management of the Ministry of Natural Resources announced the top ten successful cases of geological disasters in the country in 2022, and another 10 successful cases were promoted as typical cases at the same time, so as to enhance the awareness of the masses about the risk of ground disasters and enhance the ability of prevention and defense of ground disasters at the grassroots level.

The top ten cases are: the collapse of Yangquan Village in Xingshan, Hubei, the landslide of Yangba Village in Ceheng, Guizhou, the landslide of Douleizi in Wulong, Chongqing, the landslide of Eretang in Marcand, Sichuan, the landslide of Jianchi Street in Longquan, Zhejiang and Longsheng in Guangxi.

It is reported that in 2022, a total of 321 geological disasters were successfully predicted nationwide, avoiding 7,226 possible casualties. Before the flood season, the construction and operation of more than 20,000 universal professional monitoring stations were completed, and the inspection and monitoring system of more than 264,000 geological disaster monitoring and prevention personnel was improved. More than 200 ministerial-level experts were stationed in 30 provinces across the country to strengthen technical support for risk prevention, and "civil air defense" and "technical prevention" were further integrated, and the ability of geological disaster investigation and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, comprehensive management, emergency response and grass-roots disaster prevention was further improved.

Enlightenment from Ten Successful Cases of National Geological Hazards in 2022

　　Today is the 15th National Day for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. The theme of this year is "Preventing disaster risks and escorting high-quality development". China has a vast territory, mountains and rivers, and geological disasters are prone to occur frequently. Mountain collapse, landslide and debris flow seriously threaten people’s lives and property safety. In recent years, the Ministry of Natural Resources has organized and guided local governments at all levels to strengthen the construction of a comprehensive prevention and control system for geological disasters and continuously improve the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation at the grassroots level, with remarkable results. Recently, the Geological Exploration and Management Department of the Ministry of Natural Resources announced the top ten cases of successful avoidance of geological disasters in China in 2022, aiming at enhancing the awareness of geological disaster risks of the masses with vivid examples, thus improving the defense capability of the whole society. This edition specially invites industry experts to analyze the enlightenment brought by the top ten cases.

　　1 "3 21" Yangquan Village in Xingshan, Hubei Province collapsed to avoid danger: the meteorological risk warning of ground disaster reached the grassroots level.

　　At 18: 40 on March 21, 2022, a new collapse occurred in the back hill of Pengjiayuanzi, Group 2, Yangquan Village, Nanyang Town, Xingshan County, Yichang City, Hubei Province, causing damage to surrounding houses, village roads and farmland to varying degrees. Due to the early warning of meteorological risks of geological disasters, relevant personnel were evacuated to avoid possible casualties of 13 households with 40 people.

　　The geological disaster point is located in the east plate of Xingshan fault. The mountain in the collapse area is high and steep, and the previous heavy rainfall and plants growing in the cracks of the rock mass have caused the failure and deformation of the rock mass. On March 20, 2022, Hubei Province, Yichang City and Xingshan County successively issued encrypted meteorological risk warning and heavy rainfall warning for Xingshan County, and Xingshan County Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Nanyang Town People’s Government and Nanyang Town Land and Resources Institute immediately responded and strengthened the inspection work. At 17: 00 on March 21, the villagers heard rocks rolling down behind the house and quickly reported them to the grid administrator. The grid administrator found that small rocks rolled down in the back hill one after another, and immediately organized the evacuation of the household and its surrounding neighbors and reported it. After receiving the report, the relevant departments quickly led experts in disaster prevention and control to the scene, defined the danger range through scientific research and consultation, and then the town and village organized an emergency transfer of relevant people. At 18: 40 on the same day, there was a collapse.

　　Revelation: This successful hedging benefited from "four in place". First, the early warning is in place, and the provinces, cities and counties issue meteorological risk early warning of geological disasters in advance, and the early warning information directly reaches the "four-in-one" grid staff and group monitoring and prevention staff of grassroots geological disaster prevention and control. Second, the responsibility is put in place, and the grid staff responds in time to strengthen the inspection of high-risk areas in the grid. Third, publicity and training are in place. Xingshan County regularly organizes lectures and drills for villagers every year, and the people’s awareness of disaster prevention and avoidance is constantly improving. Fourth, the risk-avoidance response was in place, and the local government and relevant units worked together to timely organize the threatened people to evacuate and properly resettle them.

　　2 "5 28" Yangba Village landslide in Ceheng, Guizhou Province: expanding the scope of risk investigation of adjacent slopes

　　At 7: 35 and 8: 59 on May 28, 2022, two landslides occurred in Group 2 and Group 1 of Yangba Village, Yangba Town, Ceheng County, Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, causing houses on the side of the mountain to be washed away and five office buildings to be damaged. Due to the early warning of the geological disaster prevention and control command platform, the scope of investigation was expanded, and the threatened people were evacuated in time, causing no casualties.

　　Heavy rainfall is the main reason for these two landslides. The disaster site of a group of risk slopes in Yangba is a registered hidden danger point of ground disaster, and 7 monitoring devices are arranged. At 5: 52 on May 28, the monitoring equipment at this point issued an orange warning. Local natural resources authorities and technical support units rushed to the scene for disposal, and found that the slope had collapsed locally. Eleven people who were still sleeping were immediately woken up for emergency evacuation, warning lines and warning signs were set up, and the surrounding slopes were investigated. When the resettlement area of the lower part of the second group risk slope in Yangba Village was investigated, the technicians found that there was a landslide precursor on the west slope of the building, and immediately organized personnel to evacuate 20 families and 120 people who were threatened. At about 7: 35 on the same day, a landslide occurred on the west side of the resettlement area of the second group of Yangba Village; At about 8: 59, a group of risk slopes experienced a large-scale decline.

　　Enlightenment: It can effectively reduce casualties by exploring the river basin and slope as a unit according to local conditions and expanding the scope of risk investigation of adjacent slopes. Especially on the same hillside, the stratigraphic structure is connected and the geological process is related, and there may be potential hidden dangers in local "lesions". The successful hedging of Ceheng in Guizhou is an effective example.

　　3 Chongqing Wulong "5 28" steep Leizi landslide avoidance: civil air defense technology linkage prevention and control of disaster risk

　　At 19: 00 on May 28, 2022, bedding rock landslide occurred in Douyingzi Formation, Huangcao Village, Jiangkou Town, Wulong District, Chongqing, causing damage and burial of the exit of Xiaojiawan Tunnel in the eighth bid section of Chongqing-Qianjiang high-speed railway station under construction, damage to the auxiliary anti-slide pile project, and burial of the construction platform, material yard and construction access road. Due to timely monitoring and early warning, 358 people were evacuated in advance, causing no casualties and avoiding direct economic losses of about 20 million yuan.

　　This landslide area is not a group monitoring and prevention point. Unreasonable excavation and slope cutting at the foot of slope by human engineering activities caused the rock mass to face the air along the bed, which was the inducement of this landslide. On May 19, 2022, the Planning and Natural Resources Bureau of Wulong District received a report from the villagers at Douleizi, Huangcao Village, that there was a crack in the ground of their house, and immediately conducted a site survey with the geological engineers stationed by Jiangkou Town Government and Nanjiang Geological Team of Chongqing Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, and initially judged that it was a bedding rock landslide in the deformation stage. Wulong District Planning and Natural Resources Bureau and Jiangkou Town Government immediately demarcated the danger zone, organized three threatened households and six people to evacuate and avoid, and set up nine simple monitoring points and two monitoring personnel at the rear edge of the landslide and cracks on both sides, and monitored every two hours. At 8 o’clock on May 28, the landslide monitoring data suddenly increased. The Planning and Natural Resources Bureau of Wulong District organized the resident geological engineers to cooperate with the Jiangkou Town Government, and once again urged all personnel in the construction area below the landslide to evacuate and avoid. At 19: 00 on May 28, a large area of landslide occurred.

　　Enlightenment: The landslide can be successfully warned and avoided, thanks to the accurate risk identification of the pre-stationed team members, the proper methods of mid-term monitoring and early warning, and the timely and effective prevention and control of emergency avoidance in the later period. Scientific and reasonable countermeasures and the linkage prevention and control mechanism of "civil air defense" and "technical defense" are the core experiences to realize the successful avoidance of this geological disaster. At the same time, we should also fully evaluate the risk of geological disasters caused by engineering activities.

　　4 "6 10" Eretang landslide in Marcand, Sichuan Province: building a grassroots geological disaster prevention and control system.

　　In the early morning of June 10, 2022, earthquakes of magnitude 5.8 and 6.0 occurred in Caodeng Township, Malkang City, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. At 2 o’clock on June 10, a geological disaster of landslide occurred in Eretang, Group 4, Kolaji Village, Caodeng Township. Due to the state and city disaster prevention knowledge publicity and training in place, disaster prevention measures in place and the monitor’s performance in place, 19 people from 3 households were transferred to avoid danger in advance, avoiding casualties.

　　At 16: 30 on June 9, 2022, Aba Natural Resources Bureau issued a notice: from 8: 00 pm on June 9 to 8: 00 pm on June 10, the risk warning level of geological disasters in Malcolm City was Grade 3 (yellow warning). The personnel on duty of the Natural Resources Bureau of Barkam City will promptly forward the early warning information to the relevant staff of each township, the monitor of the hidden danger point of the ground disaster, the management personnel of the project under construction, etc., strengthen the monitoring and early warning, and decisively organize the threatened people to avoid risks in advance. At 20 o’clock on June 9, the monitor of the Eretang landslide in Kolaji Village, Caodeng Township found that an uninterrupted stream next to the house was cut off, and immediately evacuated all 19 people from 3 threatened households to safety. At about 0: 03 on June 10, an earthquake of magnitude 5.8 occurred in Kolaji Village, Caodeng Township. At about 1 o’clock, an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 occurred again, which caused the soil of Eretang landslide to loosen and the original cracks to penetrate. At about 2 o’clock, the surface of the mountain collapsed and the broken slope washed down along the surface of the mountain, causing two houses to collapse.

　　Revelation: In 2022, all prefectures and cities in Sichuan Province will further establish and improve the group monitoring and prevention system and the "five-level" guarantee responsibility system, strictly implement the 24-hour duty system in flood season, and require monitors to encrypt the monitoring frequency of hidden danger points in time after receiving the warning information of geological disasters at level 3 (yellow warning) and above, and stick to it for 24 hours. The successful avoidance of this disaster is due to the great attention of local party committees and governments, the continuous promotion of the construction of a comprehensive prevention and control system for geological disasters, the implementation of prevention and control measures for geological disasters by natural resources departments and grass-roots towns and villages, and the rescue of party member cadres at the grass-roots level in villages and groups at critical moments, thus ensuring the safety of people’s lives to the maximum extent.

　　5 "6 20" Jianchi Street landslide avoidance in Longquan, Zhejiang Province: Carry out "three investigations" and "three evacuations" to the letter.

　　At about 20: 00 on June 20, 2022, a landslide occurred on the east side of the temporary staff dormitory of the project department of China Construction Second Bureau of Ouli Wood Industry, No.41 Nandayang, Jianchi Street Community, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, causing five temporary board houses in the block to collapse and four temporary board houses to tilt and be damaged. As the threatened personnel were transferred in time, 113 casualties were avoided.

　　At 8 o’clock on June 20, 2022, Zhejiang Provincial Department of Natural Resources issued an orange warning of geological disasters in Longquan City. Subsequently, the group surveyors of Jianchi Street in Longquan City carried out a comprehensive inspection of the risk prevention area and the high and steep slope block. At about 15: 00 on the same day, the staff of Nandayang Community in Jianchi Street, Longquan City found that there was earth and stone sliding on the east side of the temporary staff dormitory of the Project Department of China Construction Second Bureau, and immediately reported it to the street staff. After receiving the relevant information report, the staff of Longquan Natural Resources and Planning Bureau and Jianchi Sub-district, together with the technical team of "entering the countryside in the county", rushed to the scene at the first time to guide the emergency response and other related work, and organized the evacuation of personnel in the temporary dormitory shed below the slope. At about 20 o’clock that day, a landslide occurred on the east side of the mountain.

　　Enlightenment: the group monitoring and prevention staff actively strengthened the inspection of the front and back of the house before and after the rain, found the signs of ground disaster in time and reported the danger; Only by overcoming the paralyzed idea that "there is no need to transfer personnel unless it is a hidden danger of geological disasters" and transferring all threatened people in a timely and orderly manner, and ensuring that there is no omission, can casualties be effectively avoided. The successful experience of this case shows that the prevention and control of geological disasters at the grass-roots level is to implement the requirements of "three inspections" (pre-rain inspection, patrol in the rain, and verification after the rain) and "three evacuations" (early evacuation, timely evacuation, and decisive evacuation), so as to ensure that potential risks can be found in the first place and evacuation can be carried out in the first place.

　　6 "6 22" Yulong Lane Debris Flow Avoidance in Longsheng, Guangxi: technical support for ensuring high-risk areas of ground disasters.

　　At about 16: 20 on June 22, 2022, a mudslide occurred in Houshan Gully, Yulong Lane, Gui Long Road, Longsheng Town, Longsheng Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which washed away two houses, destroyed a parking lot and caused many houses to be damaged to varying degrees. Due to the rapid and effective early warning response, 251 people successfully avoided danger.

　　Although the disaster site is not registered as a hidden danger point, the 150,000 geological disaster risk survey conducted in Longsheng County previously classified the area as a high-risk area for geological disasters. At 16: 00 on June 21, 2022, the Natural Resources Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region issued a meteorological warning of yellow geological disasters, and informed the Natural Resources Bureau of Longsheng County to strengthen the inspection and monitoring of hidden dangers of geological disasters in Longsheng Town and other places. During the inspection in the rain at noon that day, local monitoring personnel found the soil creeping in the gully behind Yulong Lane, Gui Long Community, Longsheng Town, and immediately reported the danger to Longsheng Town and county duty room. Geological disaster prevention experts from Guangxi Geological Environment Monitoring Station determined that the debris flow was in the deformation stage, and then designated the danger zone. Subsequently, the Longsheng County Geological Disaster Prevention and Control Command immediately launched an emergency plan to organize the threatened people in the danger zone to evacuate and avoid. At about 16: 20 on June 22, 251 people from 74 households in Yulong Lane all completed evacuation and avoidance; Three minutes later, the house at the mouth of the ditch was instantly destroyed by the mudslide. At 3: 00 on June 23rd, debris flow deposits washed away the fence and parking lot of the mechanical lifting parking lot, and rushed to Gui Long Road along Yulong Lane.

　　Enlightenment: First of all, the high-risk areas of geological disasters must have technical support in place, which can give timely reminders in times of long-term heavy rainfall. Secondly, the first-line monitoring personnel who receive the reminder should have a high sense of responsibility and rich knowledge of geological disaster identification and prevention, and can find hidden dangers and report them in time to win the evacuation time for the threatened people. On this basis, it is a logical result for local governments to make decisive decisions, start plans in time, and organize threatened people to evacuate, thus successfully avoiding risks.

　　7 "6 30" Zimaduo Debris Flow Avoidance in Fugong, Yunnan Province: Improving the grass-roots defense ability in disaster-prone areas

　　Zimaduo Debris Flow Gully in Fugong County, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province is a first-class branch gully on the right bank of Nujiang River. At about 7: 50 on June 30, 2022, a mudslide broke out here. Due to timely warning, 62 people from 13 households were evacuated, causing no casualties.

　　On June 29, 2022, Nujiang Meteorological Bureau issued a Class II warning of meteorological risk of geological disasters. After receiving the early warning information, the local disaster monitoring personnel immediately inspected the hidden danger points and found no obvious abnormality. At about 7: 20 on June 30, the geological disaster monitor heard the roar of the flood coming from the ditch, immediately called the secretary of the village party branch and the village team leader, and rushed to Zimaduo Formation near the debris flow ditch at the first time. After the three people rushed to the scene, the monitor and the village team leader shouted down the ditch to inform the masses to evacuate quickly, and the village party branch secretary stayed in Zimaduo to organize the masses to evacuate to a safe area. At about 7: 50 that day, the debris flow passed through the residential area of Zimaduo Formation.

　　Enlightenment: The basic knowledge of geological disaster prevention and control training for grassroots cadres and full-time monitors in party member has played a vital role in this geological disaster emergency response. In recent years, the natural resources authorities at all levels in Yunnan Province, prefectures and counties have actively organized publicity and training on geological disaster prevention knowledge and emergency drills for threatened people, which has increased the knowledge reserves of disaster knowledge, disaster prevention and disaster avoidance for grassroots party member cadres, disaster prevention responsible persons and monitors in geological disaster-prone areas, greatly improved their awareness of "taking the initiative to avoid, avoiding in advance, preventing from avoiding" and their ability of self-help and mutual rescue, and laid a solid foundation for carrying out geological disaster group monitoring, prevention and early warning.

　　8 "7 14" Debris Flow Avoidance in Qingxin Village, Qingchuan, Sichuan: Take the initiative to avoid the danger immediately when finding the warning signs.

　　At about 3: 40 on July 14th, 2022, a mudslide occurred in Shuikou Community of Qingxin Village, Chaba Township, Qingchuan County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. The scale of the disaster was about 245,000 cubic meters, and the direct economic loss caused by the disaster was about 11 million yuan. Due to the inspection and early warning in place and the early transfer and avoidance, 18 people from 6 threatened households avoided casualties.

　　Qingchuan is located in the Longmenshan earthquake zone and has been affected by earthquakes many times. From July 12th to 14th, 2022, the rainfall in Chaba Township reached 512.9mm.. The provincial and municipal disaster headquarters office issued a yellow warning, and the Qingchuan County disaster headquarters office issued an orange warning signal for the disaster, released a rain report in real time, and carried out scheduling work from time to time throughout the day, urging and guiding all towns, villages and hidden dangers to do a good job in various disaster prevention work. At about 21: 50 on July 13, the staff of the investigation team found that the river in Shuikou Yangou surged and muddy mud rushed out of the mouth of the branch ditch. It was predicted that it was a precursor to landslides and mudslides and immediately reported it to the county disaster headquarters. The county immediately launched an emergency plan and organized the masses to transfer and resettle in an orderly manner. At about 23: 10 on July 13th, 26 households with 70 people in the danger zone were all safely transferred and resettled. At about 3: 40 on July 14th, a mudslide disaster occurred.

　　Enlightenment: After receiving the risk warning of meteorological and geological disasters, the responsible persons and monitors of disaster prevention in towns and villages should encrypt the frequency of monitoring inspections. Once the precursors of geological disasters are found in the high-risk areas of geological disasters and the areas near the ditch and cliffs, it is necessary to organize the threatened people to take the initiative to avoid according to the requirements of "three avoidance" and "three evacuation" in advance to ensure safety.

　　9  Zhenba "July 22nd" Luziba Village Landslide Avoidance: Comprehensive Research on the Influence Scope of Secondary Disasters

　　At about 12 o’clock on July 22, 2022, a landslide occurred in Tangfang Formation, Luziba Village, Jingyang Street, zhenba county City, Shaanxi Province, causing the water level of Jingyang River to rise, damaging 15 houses of 6 households and 200-meter water supply pipeline. Because the technical support unit found that the slope gravel rolled down during the inspection, it cooperated with the local government to organize the evacuation of 67 people from 21 threatened households in time, thus avoiding 11 casualties from 6 households.

　　The lower toe of the slope to which the sliding mass belongs was excavated for the construction of the lead wire of Xingzishan Tunnel. On the morning of July 22nd, 2022, zhenba county Geological Environment Monitoring Station, together with the technical support unit, found that the roadside gravel of Tangfang Formation in Luziba Village frequently tumbled, so they immediately informed the relevant departments of the town and village and demanded that the threatened people be evacuated. At 12 o’clock on July 22, a landslide occurred.

　　Enlightenment: This successful avoidance tells us that in the future inspection of hidden dangers of geological disasters, it is necessary to strengthen the inspection of identified key areas and key road sections, and if necessary, unite with technical support units to conduct analogy analysis and comprehensive judgment according to the disasters that have occurred around them, predict the possible secondary disasters and impact areas after the disasters, and resolutely evacuate the threatened households within the indirect impact areas to ensure the safety of people’s lives.

　　10 "8 13" debris flow avoidance in Beigou, Gaotai, Gansu Province: the normal inspection and investigation time is not relaxed.

　　At 8: 45 on August 13th, 2022, a sudden mudslide disaster occurred in Tiancheng North Gully, Tiancheng Village, luocheng town, Gaotai County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province, causing most residents’ houses to be affected, resulting in a direct economic loss of 55.6 million yuan. Due to proper early warning and disposal, all 1165 people in 405 threatened households successfully moved to avoid danger.

　　The place where this debris flow occurred is a registered hidden danger point. During the flood season investigation in 2022, the technicians of the technical support unit rechecked the hidden danger point again, and informed the group monitoring and prevention personnel to pay attention to regular inspections, especially in case of continuous rainfall or instantaneous rainstorm. On August 13th, 2022, after receiving the orange warning signal of rainstorm at the provincial, municipal and county levels, the local disaster group surveyors, the heads of township governments and land and resources institutes, local technical support personnel and the staff of the county natural resources bureau coordinated and coordinated to conduct emergency inspections in the rain, delimit dangerous areas and issue emergency evacuation and avoidance instructions. At 7: 05 on the same day, 588 households and 1552 people within the threat range of debris flow were all successfully evacuated. At the same time, Gaotai County Natural Resources Bureau, together with various land and resources institutes, assisted the factories, mines and related operating units in the dangerous area to successfully evacuate 170 people.

　　Enlightenment: The prevention and control of geological disasters should focus on preparing for a rainy day, and the regular inspection and investigation of hidden danger points of registered geological disasters should not be relaxed at all times. The success of debris flow avoidance is not unrelated to the implementation of local publicity and training work, but also thanks to the careful observation of geological disaster group monitoring staff in daily inspection and monitoring, which can find dangerous situations and promptly warn them, and quickly organize threatened people to move according to the set escape route.

Meng Wei, a researcher at China Academy of Social Sciences.

[Abstract] Rice circles are the most authentic way of life for teenagers, showing the characteristics of different cultures based on age factors, so they can be regarded as a contemporary youth subculture. The rice circle culture has formed the self-organizing structure of "love" and exerted the coercive force of limited power, but its group decision-making power, ownership and control power have fallen behind, and the dominant position of entertainment capital has not changed. Therefore, in order to make the rice circle culture enter the mainstream culture, it is necessary not only to have unique discourse expression and behavior style, but also to have the rationality and rules to absorb and shape a wider social group, as well as the resources and ability to achieve common value goals.

[Keywords:] rice circle culture participatory democratic cultural industry

【 Chinese Library Classification Number 】 G124 【 Document Identification Code 】 a

【DOI】10.16619/j.cnki.rmltxsqy.2020.19.007

In recent years, the growth of rice circle culture is impressive — — The original loose spontaneous behavior, formed on social media with the help of capital connection, reconstructs the life of fans in the virtual space parallel to reality, and has achieved a new cultural group. Focusing on rice circle culture, this paper tries to answer the following questions: With the help of social media, what kind of cultural change has rice circle communication brought? What is the relationship between the constantly optimistic rice circle culture and the social, political and economic fields? Does it really show the side of empowering democracy and getting rid of control? What is the value of cultural growth? What impact will it have on teenagers and mainstream society? However, no matter what conclusions are drawn on these issues, an undeniable premise is that these young fans, both boys and girls, push us to think about the changes of the times and the evolution of culture.

What is the "rice circle"? — — The growth track of a subculture

"Culture is a very vague word". [1] The concept of "culture" has always been interpreted from multiple perspectives, but as far as rice circle culture is concerned, the definition given by Raymond Willis sounds more to the point — — "Culture is lifestyle". [2] Rice circles are the most authentic way of life for teenagers. More precisely, they are a self-contained life system formed through social media platforms, represented by symbols and texts, and composed of technology, concepts, behaviors and attitudes. This way of life has its own uniqueness, which can be attributed to "those sub-regions with unique cultural characteristics in a large cultural region". [3] It shows the characteristics of different cultures based on age factors, so it can be regarded as a contemporary youth subculture.

The prototype of rice circles appeared in the 1980s and 1990s. Young people who are obsessed with film and television art, idolize and chase film and television stars like Beijing opera fans are given the title of "groupies" in the new period of reform and opening up. They take the heroes and heroines in the film and television works "Huo Yuanjia" and "Shanghai Beach" as idols and are fascinated by singers such as Steven Liu and Tong Ange. They are the main body of entertainment culture, and also the main consumer of posters, photo stickers, cultural shirts and other products. Fans are mainly students, and their actions are spontaneous, individualized and decentralized, making them the most fashionable and dazzling group.

The cross-century talent show has reset the name of fireworks for fans — — Fans. "fans" is a transliteration of fans, which was originally used to describe those who "enthusiastically participate in ball games, entertainment or business activities, admire and infatuate with movie stars or sports stars", and then extended to "people who have strong interest or appreciation for specific people or things". [5] In 2005, the contestants of Hunan Satellite TV’s Super Girl champion PK entered the public’s field of vision under the high-profile crowd of fans, showing the momentum of the entertainment program. Behind the success of the program, fans contributed a lot. They personally held up the lights and shouted heartily at the scene, cheering for their favorite players with the most authentic attitude. They are active behind the scenes, contacting relatives and friends, and canvassing votes through the Internet and mobile phone text messages. Their fanaticism is shocking. "Super Girl" has led to a number of talent shows for a time. At this stage, the role of the fan team appears, and the fan group will consciously, systematically and systematically plan activities as idol platforms, but most of the activities are confined to offline, and the advantages and disadvantages of its behavior have triggered fierce debates in the mainstream cultural circles, and the view that fans are popular with "vulgar art" [6] is quite dominant.

The fan base is proud of the mainstream culture with a reasonable and legal attitude, thanks to the popularity of the Internet in China for 20 years. In 2014, with the maturity of social media platform technology application, Lu Han and other traffic stars became popular, and "fans received unprecedented attention". [7] In 2018, after the idol-cultivating variety shows such as "Idol Trainee" and "Creation 101" became popular, the fan group had a more affinity name — — Rice rings. The name of fans has changed, and the behavior paradigm has also shown new characteristics. First, the group is more closely linked. Idolize is no longer fighting alone, and there is a new system of star support club, which is responsible for affairs management. Secondly, membership is more behavioral: co-financing, playing the list and anti-triad. Finally, the autonomy of circle group activities is enhanced, and idolize and star-making gradually merge.

Semantically, "rice circle" is a popular collective noun, and "rice" means "fans". "Circle" adds the meaning of group boundary, division and restriction. It can be said that the change of address announced the establishment of an independent cultural circle, showing the ability of fans to build new social relations with the help of the Internet. At the same time, in China’s traditional culture, "Food is the most important thing for the people" has a kind and confident title, which shows the universality, popularization and rationalization of contemporary youth’s subculture behavior trend.

Cultural Cognition of Rice Circles: Similarity and Limitation

Regarding the cognition of fan culture, there are similarities between domestic and foreign studies, mainly focusing on the revelation of antagonism and creativity. John Fiske, a scholar who put forward the concept of fan economy, believes that fan culture is a "shadow culture" and "opposes official culture, strengthens popular culture, and at the same time commandeers and remolds some values and characteristics of official culture". [8] Budic believes that the "otherness" of fan culture is manifested in the misappropriation of mainstream cultural symbols, giving them new meaning in the opposite context and forming a confrontational expression. [9] Michel de Certeau uses "poachers" and "nomads" as metaphors for fan groups, and thinks that fans and text creators have launched a "struggle for text ownership and meaning control", which is a contest between "production power strategy" and "consumption tactics". Henry Jenkins revised Desaido’s theory, arguing that fans create a unique and lasting community culture with a more conscious structure, build an artistic world beyond the control of producers, and their behavior is more productive and creative. [10] Lawrence Grosberg(Lawrence Grossberg) does not agree with the elite view of fans, but also denies that fans are regarded as "people with immature minds and lack of sense of responsibility", and thinks that fans’ enthusiasm and creativity are manifested in "organization rather than chaos, which can produce a kind of ‘ Essential map ’ " Guide people to "join the world". [11]

On the one hand, domestic academic circles pay attention to the explanation and verification of the theories of "entertainment to death", information cocoon room and group loneliness [12], which continuously shows the conservatism of the research; On the other hand, the voice against "stigma" has obviously increased. For example, Yang Ling vehemently refutes that "most elite intellectuals either turn a blind eye to the phenomenon of fans or regard fans as tragic victims of consumer ideology", [13] thinks that fans should be regarded as resistance "‘ Rites collapse and music breaks down ’ The chaos, the spread of cynicism, the erosion of money worship, the indifference and isolation of modern urban life are treated by stubborn idealists. Some studies began to explore the antagonistic-constructive significance behind the fan/rice circle culture, emphasizing the understanding and tolerance of rice circles from the perspectives of field, constructive significance and social intervention. For example, Liu Xun and Zhang Yuxuan believe that fans "actively construct a set of meanings projected by themselves through the Internet", [14] and some studies are more optimistic that rice circles "contain distinctive humanistic spirit characteristics". [15]

Although the expansion of angle and path shows the gradual cognition of fans/rice circles, there are still limitations in excessively focusing on antagonistic and creative meaning exploration. Directly aiming at the research on the cultural issues of rice circles, the argument logic often has a distinct color of binary antagonism, and some conclusions have obvious labeling traces, which have not yet gone out of the argument of either-or views. Restorative rationality, for the investigation of a culture, needs to go deep into its complexity and development, not only tracing back its history of formation and evolution, but also clarifying the changes of its semantics and the connotation of the concepts involved. More importantly, it should be placed in the social macro-context to investigate its position, interdependence and the role of political and economic forces, and then discover its value to the social community, which is the purpose of this study.

Democratic illusion in participatory culture

The most extensive interaction of groups has created the most remarkable feature of rice circle culture — — Participatory. Treating fan activities and participatory culture equally, Jenkins defined the concept earlier: "Fans and other consumers are invited to actively participate in the creation and circulation of new content". [16] He believes that this participatory culture has the following characteristics: First, the low threshold for expressing participation. The second is strong support for creation and sharing. The third is the informal mentoring system. The fourth is to trust the members who make contributions. Fifth, members with certain social connections.

The revelation of participatory cultural characteristics has stimulated the imagination of democracy in academic circles. For example, Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams put forward that consumers can "play an active role" and become "material grassroots users who are meaningful to individuals and society", and their sharing, writing, mixing, using and changing will inevitably lead to the emergence of "new economic democracy … … All of us have taken the lead. " [17] Clay Shirky’s research supports it from the technical theory, arguing that social media can "let people use their free time as a global shared resource and use its advantages to design a new cooperative participation and sharing model". [18]

The view that the participatory culture of fans leads to the natural appearance of democracy is representative but doubtful. A basic problem lies in that it replaces the technical possibility of combining production and use with the inevitability of social change. There is no convincing evidence on how the technological potential can inspire people to actively seek community identity and unity, and then form a new democratic social framework. On the contrary, the obvious fact is that the struggle between different fan groups is escalating. For example, under the "one-sided" public opinion war of stars, social media is more likely to form an atmosphere of prejudice, rather than creating a democratic environment characterized by dialogue and listening.

From the basic conditions of participatory democracy, firstly, participatory democracy emphasizes decision-making participation, which is included in the decision-making process. Second, participatory democracy needs to show equality. Individuals need to have equal intrinsic value, and individual interests should also be considered equally. [19] Third, participatory democracy has development value for the public: enabling them to enjoy freedom, exercise their abilities and implement equality. [20] However, analyzing the meeting of rice circle members in social media, although they can share the content through collective interest, this participation has not yet matched the basic elements of democracy.

Most people in rice circles cannot participate in decision-making, but are excluded from the decision-making process. First, consumers’ identity and organizational structure make them have no right to enter or lack the conditions to enter the decision-making process. The participation of rice circle culture occurs at three levels: production, selection and dissemination, which is mainly realized through the creation of "micro-content". The personalized content production, selection and creative conception of netizens, as well as the interweaving and convergence of opinions in interaction are valuable, but they are unpaid parts. Most members connect the creativity of netizens’ culture through social media and relationship networks, but for them, it is more unconditional to tell the whole story, which has neither economic benefits nor the right to make decisions. At the same time, they have to pay for celebrity meetings and concerts. Second, this kind of participation is attitude rather than willingness and limited participation. On the surface, rice circle members can initiate topics and design actions to promote consensus with their own wishes, but in fact, most rice circle members only express two attitudes towards star idols through identification — — Either support (idols) or oppose (idol competitors), it is not up to them to decide which image the stars will show in the end, and the will of rice circles is mostly suspended in the auxiliary reference level, which constitutes the reality that it is difficult to fully participate in rice circle culture — — The expansion of the number of people and attention has promoted the presentation of cultural diversity, but the barriers to the democratic decision-making of star-making still exist. Third,Ownership is always the core of decision-making, and at this point, most members of the rice circle have no rights at all. They are only involved in the star-making movement through open channels to increase or decrease the flow of stars, while idols are always others who have nothing to do with their rights and interests, and their time, energy and intellectual creation are unconditionally occupied. In this way, participatory democracy stagnates at the symbolic level of cultural expression: as members of the rice circle with creative production capacity and active interaction, what they enjoy is only the illusion of democracy. Its essence is that symbolic democracy and instrumental rationality hit it off, and loyalty and demand are quietly replaced by cultural goods.

Capital, Control and "Dream Stolen" in Cultural Industry

No matter what kind of freedom the participants in the rice circle culture enjoy, a potential fact that cannot be ignored is that they have never got rid of the fetters and control of capital. Not only that, they have injected extraordinary new capital into the cultural industry and made the entertainment industry more profitable.

There is a unique control structure in the spread of rice circles: the top layer is the decision-making layer, which is controlled by the investors who make stars. They open the logic of their cultural operation to rice circles. Below it can be called the promotion layer — — Star support club. Its core figure "Pink Head" is closely related to the management, and some of them are star team members. They will be invited to join the star action planning creativity, discuss the development plan with the management and the star, and therefore, they are often the envy of fans. For fans, Pink Head is a well-informed person, and idolize has rich experience, so he can play a role similar to an opinion leader. On the one hand, they will try their best to convey the employers’ intentions to the members of the rice circle through the support meeting, design and guide the action direction for the fans, and determine the prescribed actions; On the other hand, the fans’ opinions will be absorbed by the fans, and they can also be passed on or integrated into the star development blueprint. There are a series of departments at the promotion level as operating institutions, which can be regarded as a bridge connecting employers, stars and rice circle members, and then become an obvious control force of rice circle culture. At the basic level are rice circle members, who participate in activities for emotional, interest, realization and other purposes, providing attention, creating events, contributing to the flow, and expanding the team, as well as iron powder (people who always love and resolutely support idols regardless of their success or failure) and fan powder (only like a member under the premise of understanding the basic situation of the group to which he belongs and its members — — Fans who love beans), CP powder(I am crazy about being a fan of a couple in variety entertainment and other programs), black powder (people who oppose a star, maliciously discredit or provoke the relationship between a star and fans), etc. As far as individuals are concerned, some members are simple and some hold cross-identities. Some members will apply to join support clubs or form support branches to accomplish common tasks. There is also a platform layer around the rice circle, such as Weibo, QQ Group, Baidu Post Bar, Douban Community, etc., which is the activity field of rice circle members and a source of parallel control. In this way, the spread of rice circles has formed a strict system, and its closed cycle maintains the firmness of capital control: capital control opinion leaders (referring to the powder head/core layer), opinion leaders control support clubs, rice circle members/branches control media events, media events control social platforms/algorithms/traffic platforms/algorithms/traffic control social public attention, and at the same time, they have the ability to pay attention to stars and companies, opinion leaders and support clubs, support stations and rice circles.

Further analysis, the star company is a powerful capital manipulator, which can intuitively display the commercial value of the star, and will "do everything possible to encourage fans and strive for maximum benefits". [21] For example, they will set up a special statistical agency to launch statistical coordinates showing star rankings at a fixed time to "spur" fans to hit the list. They will establish a monitoring system of star flow and its realization, measure the value of stars and seize business opportunities. For companies, star appeal and fans’ purchasing power based on popularity, traffic and data are the most important sources of capital benefits.

The outer social platform is also the main beneficiary of economic benefits. For example, in recent years, Sina Weibo has launched the celebrity power list, Chaohua and other applications to benefit a lot from the rice circle. In 2019, Weibo’s value-added service revenue in the first quarter reached US$ 58 million, an increase of 24% over the same period of last year. [22] The platform has the online behavior and personal information data of users, technical manipulation means such as algorithms, and also controls the hidden power to support or close users and channels.

"You and I didn’t have a chance, but I spent all my money." For the members of the rice circle, spending money is a necessary option to express their love and loyalty to idols, which constitutes a new source of star capital. In 2018, when a player participated in the "Idol Trainee" program, he voted to raise more than 2 million yuan. It is reported that fans spent more than 10 million yuan to buy virtual flowers to keep him in the first place. In 2019, the income of the power list alone exceeded 100 million yuan. [23]

Through the circulation of the system, the capital control of rice circle has produced such uniqueness: First, economic interests and cultural interests have been closely exchanged, and idols and fans have formed an asymmetric interest community. On the surface, fans’ interest has incorporated entertainment stars and products, and capital serves the cultural interests of rice circles. In fact, the entertainment industry has never relaxed its anti-incorporation, and they have become the ideal "dream thieves" of rice circle culture, and can grasp the direction of capital through fan interaction. At the same time, the reward of rice circle has become a key part of star capital, so the exchange of economic interests and cultural interests is asymmetric. Second, the biggest winner is the entertainment industry dominated by the management. Commercial capital has a strong influence through the support of traffic data, and rice circles spare no effort to present their dream orientation and provide consumer protection. The paradox of contemporary youth subculture control is thus formed — — The rice circle group may affect the idol’s advance and retreat by adding new capital, but as far as individuals are concerned, the control power is not only irrelevant to them, but makes them more deeply trapped by commercial capital, makes idolize’s behavior more insane, and even leads to new problems such as violent conflicts due to excessive addiction.

Structural Function and Power Operation: Self-organization as "Love"

It can be said that the hierarchy of the rice circle system is distinct, the capital control is strong and hidden, and a self-organizing structure with rich characteristics and strong operation is formed (as shown in Figure 2)— — According to the rules of tacit understanding, the members of the rice circle do their part to coordinate their actions and automatically play their functional roles, thus jointly enhancing the influence of the rice circle culture. The self-organization of rice circle is mainly composed of three parts: core layer (powder head), management layer (subsystem) and basic layer (rice circle). From the core "powder head" to the management, to the branches and ordinary fans, the self-organization includes several subsystems and sub-subsystems, and the members of the support club subsystem bear different responsibilities: it can be subdivided into art group, copywriting group, data group, publicity group, anti-gang group, financial group, etc., to ensure the mutual cooperation of technology, planning, publicity and communication functions. The support club subsystem controls the members of the rice circle by joining the club, and some members have consciously established sub-systems in different regions at home and abroad — — Support branch organizations, and branches can differentiate into smaller organizations such as aid stations at a lower level in different activities. This ensures the smooth communication of information in a wide area or even in a global scope. Not only that, the self-organization of rice circle also has the high efficiency of feedback system, and its internal information flows openly. All support clubs and support stations will open social media accounts and publish information at any time for members to supervise and give feedback. The complexity and orderliness of the structure and function make the rice circle run effectively.

The characteristics of self-organization of rice circles are: first, the goal is clear, that is, the system, subsystem and branches work together to help idols. Second, rice circles have organizational rules, which are manifested in two levels: explicit rules and hidden rules. For example, the "Sheep Village Fans Convention" requires that "the fans who pick up and drop off the plane should not be noisy, crowded, pushing and other behaviors that affect public order" and "Please control your emotions when helping your idol, and don’t hurt others because you are too excited", etc. [24] This is an obvious rule shared by the "Sheep Village" rice circle around the world. However, the awareness of star protection, reward and anti-gang behavior constitute the hidden rules of the leading group. If this principle is not followed, it will be difficult for new powder to enter the circle, and old powder will be rejected. In this way, even if there is an accident in which "powder head" runs away with money, the members of the rice circle still respond with a "tolerant" attitude, and their enthusiasm for contributing money and rewarding has not wavered. Third, special language symbols — — Pinyin abbreviations constitute the cultural identity symbol of rice circles. For example, dbq stands for sorry, pyq stands for circle of friends, and zqsg means true feelings, etc. If you don’t understand these terms, you can’t take the "He Z generation" (referring to people born between 1995 and 2009 and deeply influenced by the Internet, instant messaging, smartphones and tablets — — Author’s note)The first step of happy communication. " [25]

Power relationship is the key to understand the self-organization of rice circles. Intellectuals’ cognition of power mainly includes two dimensions. One is Max Weber’s view of power. Max Weber defines power as "the ability to asymmetrically influence other actors’ decision-making ability in a way that is conducive to strengthening the actors’ own will, interests and values" and "the opportunity to realize their own will when they encounter opposition from others who participate in the action in social action". [26] The second is power from the perspective of Anthony Giddens’ social structure theory, that is, power is "the ability to change" — — The ability to intervene in an event so as to change it in some way. [27] Max Weber’s understanding of power emphasizes the relationship between compulsion, domination and asymmetry, [28] Giddens tends to understand the power generated by change from the social system with symmetrical distribution of power.

From the semantic point of view, Giddens’ power connotation seems to be more able to show the power of the Internet community. In Manuel Castells’ research, the power of network society is further divided into four types: access right, normative right, internal control right and network construction right. [29] However, for social groups like Fanquan, it seems too rough to simply divide them according to this, because the determination of these four powers is still limited to the scope of the impact of technological changes, and it is impossible to fully demonstrate the freedom and strength of action of subculture communities based on self-awareness and goal strategies. In parallel with technical empowerment, the cultural power controlled by the rice circle organization is bidirectional: on the one hand, the power is manifested internally as mandatory and dominant rules; On the other hand, power manifests itself as the antagonism of cultural consciousness. No matter which direction you point, the coercive power comes from "love". Because of the value of guarding love, fans can spread out large-scale alliance formations; Because of the persistence of love, self-organization may show antagonistic impulse in generate; Because there is no doubt about love, the originally calm social circle may ignite a "flame war" in an instant. [30]

According to Abraham Harold Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, people have physiological, safety, love and respect needs, and self-realization is at the highest level of needs. [31] Rice circles project the feelings of love on idols, because idols satisfy their various demands — — Such as understanding, love and respect. Love idols represents their affirmation of the value of youth: love beauty, fun and inspiration. Loving idols fills the gap in their desire for their dream partner. Love idols also convey their desire to achieve their goals and realize themselves. The theory of "narcissistic self-reflection" can open a skylight of understanding by deeply exploring the motive force of this kind of love. Historian Christopher Lasch pointed out that consumerism gave birth to narcissistic culture, and its important support was the media and fans. Cornel Sandvoss further believes that under the narcissistic psychology, fans will have a "narcissistic self-mapping" on the object. By looking for common ground, they will project their physical characteristics, experiences and value beliefs on the object, and the object will thus become an extension of themselves. On the one hand, consumption provides an important symbolic resource for the formation of self-identity; On the other hand, consumption integrates itself into the order dominated by economy, society and culture. [32]

Not only that, members of subculture can identify each other, learn from each other and complement each other by means of organization and borrowing algorithm technology, and can quickly produce effective self-guidance and realize the strength of self-class groups. In this way, the social self is full of fun — — It not only has the ability to influence others’ behavior and create events, but also can make members get rid of loneliness and powerlessness as individuals. As a result, the self-organization of "love" has achieved the dream of youth, encouraging cultural individuals to pounce on rice circles like moths.

Conclusion: a highlight moment of subculture

All of the above shows that although the rice circle culture influences the social life of teenagers with the increasing number and influence of people, it has always been creeping on the edge of the mainstream culture, and has not changed the sub-cultural background of the pioneers advertised by fans: the rice circle culture has gone through the process from offline to online, from individuals to groups, from individual behavior choice to platform event operation, but it has not escaped the state of symbolic democratic participation; This culture has formed a strict self-organizing structure of "love" and exerted the coercive force of limited power, but its internal decision-making power, ownership and control power are still sidelined, and the dominant position of entertainment capital has not changed.

然而，即便如此，近年来另一种现象还是格外引人注目。2019年8月，一个喧嚷香港独立、抹黑中国的海外论坛，在不到一天的时间里被饭圈女孩刷了5万多个回击帖，饭圈女孩联盟为共同的爱豆“阿中”（即中国）打响了舆论保卫战。在Twitter、Facebook、Instagram等社交平台上，她们列数据、做动漫、写文案、上视频，摆事实讲道理，分工合作表达爱国立场，为当代青年亚文化群体的价值观表达积累了独特的文化经验。

多方联动形成合力，饭圈也成为参与社会行动的一支重要力量。2020年新冠肺炎疫情期间，不少饭圈组织及个人自发捐款捐物，在公益领域发挥作用。“FUNJI粉丝团抗疫公益行动记录”数据显示，截至2020年2月29日，饭圈为疫情捐款超800万元，捐口罩超100万只，还捐助其他医用物资及生理用品。[33]在共同完成一件件大事的过程中，饭圈成员“获得了集体组织的安全感和力量感，也从中获得了日常生活难以企及的使命感和崇高感”。[34]

Participating in the efficient operation of social governance action shows the reality of rational development of rice circle culture from one side, which inspires us to make the following expectations — — If a subculture not only has its unique discourse expression and behavior style, but also has the rationality and rules to absorb and shape a wider range of social groups, as well as the resources and ability to achieve common value goals, then it will no longer be "the residue of grabbing and borrowing from popular culture", [35] and it will really have the strength to build social life, and then it will inevitably usher in the highlight moment of entering the mainstream culture.

annotate

[1] [Germany] Wolfgang Fritz Haug: Cultural Differences, translated by Yang Junjie, Zhengzhou: Henan University Press, 2017, p. 1.

[2] Liu Jilin: The Significance of Raymond Henry Williams’s Cultural Theory and "Key Words" Research to China, Journal of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), No.4, 2011.

[3]Gordon, M., "The Concept of the Subculture and Its Application", Social Forces, 1947(1).

[4] See [America] Henry Jenkins: Text poachers, translated by Zheng Xiqing, Peking University Publishing House, 2016.

[5]Price, L.; Robinson L., "’Being in a Knowledge Space’: Information Behaviour of Cult Media Fan Communities", Journal of Information Science, 2016(7).

[6] See Quotations of Liu Zhongde’s Criticism of Super Girls, Sina. com, http://ent.sina.com.cn, updated on May 3, 2006; Criticism of Super Girl Fans’ Idol Complex Baidu Post Bar, https://tieba.baidu.com/p/125448192?. Red_tag=1965194535, updated on August 20th, 2006.

[7] Hu Cencen: From "groupies" to "rice circles", China Youth Studies, No.2, 2020.

[8]Fiske, J., The Cultural Economy of Fandom, The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media, London: Routledge, 1992, pp. 30-49.

[9]Hebdige, D., "Subculture: The Meaning of Style", Critical Quarterly, 1995(6)

[10]Jenkins, H., Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture, New York: Routledge, 1992, p. 45.

[11] [America] Lawrence Grosberg: "Are there any fans in this room? — — Emotional Perception of Fandu, edited by Tao Dongfeng: A Reader of Fan Culture, Peking University Publishing House, 2009, pp. 134-136.

[12] Xu Tian: "The Harm of Sub-culture Phenomenon in Rice Circles in China and Its Guiding Path", "New Media Research", No.8, 2020.

[13] Yang Ling: A Study of Fan Culture from the Perspective of Western Consumption Theory, Changjiang Academic, No.1, 2011.

[14] Liu Xun and Zhang Yuxuan: Self-construction and Functional Value Analysis of Domestic Rice Circles, Sichuan Drama, No.3, 2020.

[15] Yuan Zhixiang: "The Construction of Youth’s Subjective Consciousness under the Culture of Rice Circles", People’s Forum, mid-May 2020.

[16]Jenkins, H., Convergence Culture, New York University Press, 2008, p. 331.

[17]Tapscott, D.; Williams, A., Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, New York: Penguin, 2007, p. 15.

[18]Shirky, C., Cognitive Surplus: How Technology Makes Consumers into Collaborators, London: Penguin, 2011, p. 27.

[19] [America] Robert A. Dahl: On Political Equality, translated by Xie Yue, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2010, p. 3.

[20] See [English] David Held: The Model of Democracy, translated by Yan Jirong, Beijing: Central Compilation and Publishing House, 2008.

[21] Qiu Yujuan: Fanquan Culture: Fan Culture 2.0 from the Perspective of Communication, Satellite TV and Broadband Multimedia, No.8, 2020.

[22] Weibo Releases Financial Report for the First Quarter of 2019, Sina Game, http://games.sina.com.cn/y/n/2019-05-23/hvhiews4076886.shtml, May 23, 2019.

[23][25] Sun Yifei: "KPI of rice circles in the era of traffic", "New Financial Watch", July 29, 2019.

[24] Sheep Village Fans Convention, Hupu. com, https://bbs.hupu.com/36035612.html, June 17, 2020.

[26]Weber, M., Economy and Society, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1978, p. 926.

[27]Giddens, A., The Nation-State and Violence, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985, p. 7.

[28]Habermas, J., Theory of communication, Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1987.

[29]Manuel Castells, Communication Power, Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 43-47.

[30][31] Meng Wei: "Network Interaction — — Interpretation of Meaning and Discussion of Rules, Beijing: Economic Management Press, 2004, pp. 147 and 156.

[32]Sandvoss, C., Fans: The Mirror of Consumption, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2005, pp. 95-109, pp. 113-114, pp. 154-165.

[33] "When Girls in Rice Circles Rush to the Anti-epidemic Field", 澎湃 Network, https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_6646110, March 23, 2020.

[34] Chen Liqin: Action Logic of "Evolution" and Construction of "Common Meaning" of Girls in Rice Circles, Journal of Shenzhen University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), No.3, 2020.

[35] [America] Henry Jenkins: Popular Culture: Fans, poachers and nomads — — Desaidu’s Popular Cultural Aesthetics, Journal of Hubei University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), No.4, 2008.

Meng Wei, researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences, director and professor of Network Science Research Office of Institute of Journalism and Communication. The research direction is network new media and its social influence, public opinion, media ethics, literacy and media integration. His main works are Network Interaction: Meaning Interpretation and Rules Discussion, Moral Arguments of Media Ethics, Communication Practice and Thinking, etc.

Editor/Xiao Han’s question